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| History of China |
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History of Annam |
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In western sources published prior to 1945, Vietnam during the years 1500 to French colonization does not appear as one
political entity, but instead as three distinct entities - Tonkin (Tonquin, Tongking, Tonking etc.),
Annam and Cochinchina.
In 1802, the Nguyen Dynasty unified these three (Vietnam 1802-1885). While
many contemporary western scholars were aware of this, the names Annam, Cochinchina and Tonkin continued to be
used, at imes for the historical region, at times for the entire polity. Modern Vietnamese historiography emphasizes that these
were fragments of essentially one greater unit, Dai Viet. WHKMLA attempts to provide easy access to numerous historical sources, both primary and secondary. For sources on Dai Viet, see History of Vietnam. From 1887 to 1954, Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchina together with Laos and Cambodia formed part of French Indochina. Historical Atlas : Vietnam Page Timeline : Tonkin List of Wars : Vietnam Students' Paper : Son, Bo Kyung, The History of Persecution of the Buddhist Faith (2011) |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
from Wikipedia |
| Links | General |
| Organizations |
| Timelines |
click here |
| Accounts of History |
J. Richard, Histoire naturelle, civile et politique du Tonquin,
vol.1,
vol.2, 1778, in French, GB |
| Specific Periods |
An Historical Sketch of the Reign of the Emperor Kheen Lung, pp.213-219, in
The Asiatic journal and monthly register for British and foreign India,
China and Australasia 1832, GB Articles : Mac Dynasty, Trinh Lords, from Wikipedia |
| Politics | Foreign Policy, Relations |
Arnold van Wickeren, Geschiedenis van Portugal en de Portugezen,
Ch.17 ch.3 subch.1
Portugezen en Hollanders in Achter-Indië, in Dutch, posted on Colonial Voyage Hoang Anh Tuan, Silk for silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700, Diss. Leiden 2006 Alvares, Antonio, Memória sobre o Real padroado da Côrte de Portugal nas missões do Reino de Tunkin por Antonio Alvares, da Congregaçao do Oratorio de Lisboa, feita em 21 de janeiro de 1802, e resposta que deu o procurador da Coroa, Joao Antonio Salter de Mendonça em 9 de abril do mesmo anno, Tudo copiado da collecção de manuscriptos de Julio Firmino Judice Biker, e por este publicado, 1802, in Portuguese, SBB |
| Military |
F. Romanet du Caillaud, Histoire de l'intervention francçaise
au Tong-King de 1872 a 1874, 1880, in French, IA |
| Economy & Finances |
History of the East India Company's Endeavours to extend their Trade
in the East, pp.1-20 (esp. 17-18) in : Asiatic Joutnal vol.13, 1822, GB J. Bruce, Annals of the Honorable East-India Company: from their establishment by the Charter of Queen Elizabeth 1600 to the Union of the London and English East India Companies 1707-1708, vol.2, 1810, numerous Tonquin entries Hoang Anh Tuan, Silk for silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700, Diss. Leiden 2006 |
| Ethnography |
| Social History |
Tranh Thi Phuonh Hoa,
Franco-Vietnamese schools and the Transition from Confucian to a new Type of Intellectual in the Colonial Context of Tonkin,
Yenching Institute Working Paper 2009 |
| Religion |
Relation des missions des evesques françois aux royaumes de Siam,
de Cochinchine, de Camboye & du Tonkin, 1674, in French, GB Tonkin, p.207 in Thomas Yeates, Indian Church History, 1818, GB Extrait d'une relation du M. Marette, missionaire apostolique au Tonkin, en date de Novembre 1835, sur la fete d'agriculture et les sacrifies a la terre, pp.146-162, in Journal Asiatique, February 1838, in French, GB |
| Local History |
History of Hanoi, from
Lonely Planet The History of Hanoi's Old Quarter, by Barbara Cohen Article Tonkin, from Wikipedia Article Hanoi, from Wikipedia |
| Structures, Institutions |
| Culture & Science |
| Biographies |
| Others |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon;
from Regnal Chronologies, Vietnamese History, from LuanPhan, has list of Kings of the various dynasties Tunkin, pp.52-53 in 1799 pt.1, p.54 in 1800 pt.1, pp.54-55 in 1801 pt.1, pp.54-55 in 1802 pt.1, p.51 1803 pt.1, of Genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch, in German, GB |
| Population Figures |
Historic Population Statistics by Province :
Vietnam, posted by Jan Lahmeyer; data for Tonkin at the bottom |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
| Image Databanks |
Historic Picture Postcards : Tonkin, from Postcardman |
| Archival Deposits |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
Rapport au President de la Republique Française, 28 Fevr. 1890 [on creation of French tribunal in Tonkin], p.306 in
2nd series vol.33 of Archives Diplomatiques,
1890, in French, GB Chine-France, Convention pour le raccordement de lignes telegraphiques, Dec. 1st 1888, pp.257-260 in 2nd series vol.34 of Archives Diplomatiques, 1890, in French, GB |
| Document Surveys |
Ch.11 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Orientalium atque Asiaticarum, Par.6 : Siamensium rerum scriptores (also Tunchinensium), pp.244-247 in
B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ;
a catalogue of narrative historical sources |
| Document Collections |
| Individual Documents |
| Historical Maps |
map Tongking, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888, posted by
Wikimedia Commons map Indochina, from Scottish Geographical Magazine 1886, posted by Wikimedia Commons see WHKMLA Historical Atlas, South East Asia, French Indochina, Vietnam pages Atlas of Vietnam, from Commons Wikimedia Talessman's Atlas, series of maps of the Eastern Hemisphere 1300 BC - 1500 AD Tong-King 1906, Hanoi (European Quarter) 1922, Hanoi (European Quarter) 1932, from Probert Encyclopedia Antiquarian Map Archive |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles Tongking,
Hanoi, from EB 1911 Articles Tongking, Hanoi, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888-1889, in German Article : Annam [treats Tonkin as province of A.], pp.383-391 in vol.2 of Encyclopedie Moderne, 1823, in French, GB |
| Religious |
Das Sinesische Reich, pp.697-700 in vol.2 of C.Fr. Staeudlin,
Kirchliche Geographie u. Statistik, 1804, in German, GB |
| Economic |
J.C.M.R., Korte Schets van den tegenwoordigen staat van het Half-Eiland beoosten de Ganges, pp.317-347 in : vol.4 of
Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap der Kunsten en Weetenschappen, 1786, in Dutch, GB,
on Tonkin p.346-347 Tunquinesischer Handel, pp.61-64, in : Friedrich Ludwig Langstedt, Geschichte des asiatischen Handels, 1803, in German, GB Tonquin, pp.457-460 in vol.2 of William Milburn, Oriental Commerce, 1813, GB Of Tonquin, pp.226-227 in vol.2 of W. Beaves, Lex Mercatoria : or, A Complete Code of Commercial Law 1813 |
| Geographical |
Tunquin, pp.728-732 in J.E.B.,
Compendieuse Staats-Beschreibung Des Durchlauchtigen Welt-Kreises, 1721, in German, GB Tonquin, pp.212-214 in : Alexander Hamilton,A new account of the East Indies, vol.2, 1744, GB Treats of Couchin-China, and Tonquin, their Religion, Laws and Customs : Tonquin, pp.378-379, in : A new history of the East-Indies, 1754, GB Tonquin, pp.427-432 in : Thomas Salmon, A new geographical and historical grammar, 1767, GB Tonquin, pp.551-558 in vol.5 of L.P. Anquetil, Precis de l'Histoire Universelle ou Tableau historique presentant les vicissitudes des Nations ... , 1799, in French, GB Along the Coast and in the Gulf of Tonkin, pp.466-469 in : Joseph Huddart et al., The Oriental Navigator, or New Directions for Sailing to and From the East Indies, China, New Holland etc., 1801, GB |
| Historical |
[on the Dutch factory in Tonquin], pp.379-381 in vol.31 of G. Sale.
379, 1759. GB Entry : The Kingdom of Tonquin, pp.141-154, in : T.G. Smoillett, The Present State of the World, vol.7 1768, posted on Google Books Histoire du Tonquin, pp.380-444 in vol.1 of F.M. de Marsy, Histoire moderne des Chinois, des Japonnois, des Indiens, des Persans, des Turcs, des Russiens etc., 1771, in French, GB [Eur. Compagnies in Tonquin] pp.52-57 in G.Th.F. Raynal, Histoire philosophique et politique Des Etablissemens & du Commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes, 1773, in French, GB Histoire du Royaume de Tonquin, pp.501-598 in vol.52 of Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du monde jusqu'a present, 1783, in French, GB Entry : Tonkin pp.333-337 in vol.5 of J.G. Eichhorn, Geschichte der letzten drey Jahrhunderte, 1806, in German, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates | foreign |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL for Tonkin |
| Musea |
Hanoi Museums, from Haivenu |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
National Library of Vietnam, page in Vietnamese |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Coins and Banknotes from Vietnam and French Indochina, from Art Hanoi Annam Cash Coins, from East Asian Cash Coins Vietnam Coins and Paper Notes, from Viet Touch |
| PRINTED REFERENCES |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Vietnam, Tonkin |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies Gallica |
| on Vietnam, Tonkin |
| General Accounts |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 959 T188c Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.740-744 Article Southeast Asia : Laos, KMLA Lib. Call Sign R 032 B862h v.27 Stanley Karnow, Vietnam : a History, Harmondsworth : Penguin 1984, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 959.704 K18v |
| Historical Dictionaries |
William J. Duiker, Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1989 [G] |
| Yearbooks |
Article : French Indo-China - Tonquin, in : Statesman's Year Book 1895 pp.508-510 (on events of 1894) [G] Article : French Indo-China - Tonking, in : Statesman's Year Book 1898 pp.506-508, 1901 pp.580-583, 1905 pp.638-643, 1910 pp.784-789, 1918 p.847, 1919 p.853, 1924 p.893, 1925 pp.904-905, 1926 p.878, 1928 pp.891-892, 1929 p.879, 1932 pp.881-882, 1937 pp.920-921, 1943 pp.907-908 [G] Article : Tonking, in : Americana Annual 1927 p.828, 1928 p.758, 1930 p.747, 1931 p.743, 1932 p.692, 1933 p.745, 1934 p.576, 1935 p.696, 1936 p.707, 1937 p.682, 1938 pp.676-677, 1939 p.740, 1940 p.760, 1943 p.707, 1944 p.683 [G] Article : Tonquin, or Tonking, in : International Year Book 1899 p.774, 1900 p.865 [G] Article : Tongking, in : New International Year Book 1907 p.769, 1908 p.692, 1909 p.700, 1913 p.678, 1914 p.695, 1916 p.685, 1918 p.645, 1919 p.674, 1920 p.674, 1921 p.696, 1923 p.746, 1925 p.698, 1928 p.749, 1930 p.758 [G] |