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In 1786 to 1824 the E.I.C. / Britain acquired Penang, Singapore and Malacca, which
were formed into the Straits Settlements in 1826. Britain, while recognizing the sovereignty of
Siam over the northern Malay States (Perlis,
Kedah, Kelantan, Terengganu),
used its influence to assure that British economic interest on the Malay peninsula, after the Kedah War, would no longer
be threatened by Siamese military campaigns. In 1885 Johor, by treaty became a British protectorate, but did not join the Federated Malay States when this federation was established in 1895. In the Treaty of Bangkok 1909 Siam ceded Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu to Britain. From 1909 to 1946 Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu were called the Unfederated Malay States, a term to differentiate them from the Federated Malay States and the Straits Settlements. Throughout the usage of the term "Unfederated Malay States", they did not have any common institutions. After the Japanese occupation in World War II, the Federation of Malaya was established, in which the five individual Unfederated Malay States, Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu, joined Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor (hitherto Federated Malay States) as well as Penang and Malacca (hitherto Straits Settlements) as member states. This page focusses on the History of the Unfederated Malay States from 1909 to 1946. For the individual states, see Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu Historical Atlas, Malaysia Page (since 1963) List of Wars : Malay Peninsula (until 1963) |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
from Wikipedia The Unfederated Malay States, from Sejarah Melayu |
| Links | General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL;
from dmoz;
Links on Malaysia (chapter on M. History) from
Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies List of Malaysia-related Topics, from Wikipedia Virtual Library Malaysia Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia |
| on History |
from Virtual Library Malaysia;
from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Organizations | on Asian History |
International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA) |
| on Malaysia History |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) |
| Timelines |
from BBC News,
from timelines.ws;
from geographia.com;
another one from Malaysia Stall |
| Accounts of History |
Sejarah Melayu. A History of the Malay Peninsula, from malaya.org.uk History of Malaysia, from World Travel Guide, from Asian Info, Lonely Planet Article History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia; |
| Politics |
Tracing the Development of the Legal System : Early Malaya, pp.1-19 in A. bt Ahmad,
Legal Systems in ASEAN : Malaysia;
scroll down for Unfederated Malay States |
| Military |
Wars affecting the Malay Peninsula, until 1963 (at this site) Wars of Malaysia, 1800-1999, from ACED Article Military History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Malaysia Economic History of Malaysia, from Economic History Encyclopedia Category Economic History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia Tin Mining in Malaysia - Present and Future, from TED Case Studies; Tin Tales from the Past, from Malaysia up Close The Story of Malaysian Natural Rubber, from Malaysian Rubber Board |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Malaysia (141), from Ethnologue Minorities at Risk, scroll down for Malaysia - Chinese, East Indians World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Malaysia |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Malaysia, from Kirken i Norge Category Religion in Malaysia, from Wikipedia Article History of the Jews in Malaysia, from Wikipedia; Malaysia, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Catholic Church in Malaysia, from GCatholic |
| History of Regions |
see History of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan,
Perlis, Terengganu at this site States of Malaysia, Districts of Malaysia, from www.statoids.com |
| Local History |
| Institutions |
| Culture |
Online books on History of Malaysian architecture, from ArchNet Malaysia, from UK Food Online, a culinary history of Malaysia |
| Biographies |
List of Malaysians, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
International Boundary Studies,
search for Malaysia Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Malaysia, from Population Statistics (J. Lahmeyer) |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] |
| Newsreels |
British Pathe Wochenschau-Archiv (in German) Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch) |
| Image Databanks |
Sejarah Melayu Gallery Malaysia Design Archive Wikimedia Commons |
| Archival Deposits |
Digital Library Malaysia National Archives (UK) |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
| Document Collections |
| Historical Maps |
Maps, from Sejarah Melayu Gallery click WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Malaya Page, Malaysia Page |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
National Archives of Malaysia;
Repositories of Primary Sources : Asia : Malaysia, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 8 entries UNESCO Archives Portal : National Archives Asia Pacific, has one entry for Malaysia (Nov. 13th 2006), scroll down; UNESCO Archives Portal : State and Regional Archives, Asia-Pacific Malaysia, 1 entry |
| Musea | Lists, Links |
Museums in Malaysia |
| Musea | Museum Websites |
| Monuments |
Tentative Lists : Malaysia,
World Heritage List, scroll down for Malaysia, from UNESCO World Heritage Malaysia Index, from Showcaves |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Malaysia, from LibDex |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
| Coins, Banknotes |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database DBNG . |
| on Malaysia |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) Malaysia Women's Studies Bibliography, from UC Berkeley Library NNDB Bibliography Malaysia Search Asian Development Bank (ADB) Publications for Malaysia ASEAN Environmental Education Inventory Database, resources, scroll down for Malaysia Food and Culture (a bibliography), by R.T. Dirks, click on South East Asia Books on Malaysia, from Orchid Press South East Asia Dissertations, click Malaysia Malaysia, from The Online Books Page |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies, search for Malaysia |
| on Malaysia |
Sejarah Melayu Library Digital Library Malaysia South East Asian Studies, Student Theses, from Ohio University ISEAS Working Papers, Back Issues 2000-2003 |
| Theses Server |
Malaysian Theses Online |
| Online Journals |
South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Indonesia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Search Electronic Journals Online for
Thailand Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration) ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008- Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii |
| Historiography |
Article : Malay Historical Writing, by E.U. Kraatz, pp.585-589, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts | on SE Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| on Malaysia |
Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard V. Andaya, A History of Malaysia, Honolulu : Univ. of Hawai'i Press 2001, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.5 A 543h Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.745-755 Article Southeast Asia : Malaysia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.27 |
| Specific Topics |
British Malaya, in : Lilian Charlotte, Economic History of Asia and Africa, New Delhi (c. 1926) reprint 1998, pp.469-485 [G] |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Amarjit Kaur, Historical Dictionary of Malaysia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow, 2nd edition 2001 |
| Historical Atlas |
HASEA : Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of South-East Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G] Siam, the Malay States and Britain, 15th to 20th Centuries, pp.247-253 in : G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, Historical Atlas of Islam, NY : Continuum (1991) 2003 [G] |
| Yearbook Entries |
Article Non-Federated Malay States, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1913 pp. 631-635 (on events of 1912) [G] Articles Johor, Other British Protectorates, in : Statesman's Year Book 1910 pp.163-167, 1918 pp.169-172 [G] Article : Malay States Not Included in the Federation, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1919 pp.174-177, 1924 pp.174-176, 1925 pp.176-178, 1926 pp.180-182, 1928 pp.181-183, 1929 pp.181-184, 1932 pp.185-187 [G] Article : Malaya : Unfederated Malay States, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1937 pp.203-206 (data of 1935-1937) [G] Article : Malay States, in : Americana Annual 1927 p.522, 1928 pp.475-476 [G] Article : Malaya, British, in : Americana Annual 1930 pp.464-465, 1931 pp.459-460, 1932 pp.432-433, 1933 pp.452-453, 1934 pp.352-353, 1935 pp.425-426, 1936 pp.427-428, 1937 p.427, 1938 pp.410-411, 1939 pp.461-462, 1940 pp.473-475 [G] Article : British Malaya, in : New International Year Book 1932 p.116, 1933 p.111, 1934 p.101, 1935 p.103, 1938 p.107, 1939 p.95, Events of 1940 pp.90-91, 1941 pp.82-83 [G] Article : Unfederated Malay States, in : New International Year Book 1932 pp.798-799, 1933 p.799, 1934 p.700, 1935 p.713, 1938 p.736, 1939 p.770 [G] Article : British Malaya, in : Funk & Wagnall's New Standard Encyclopedia Year Book 1940 p.76, 1941 pp.81-82 [G] |
