Literature on the History of Southern Africa |
Zimbabwe | Namibia |
History of South Africa : Narrative . References : Online Secondary Sources . Online Primary Sources . Bibliographic and Print Sources |
NARRATIVE For the country's earlier history, see History of the Cape Colony, History of Natal, History of the Oranje Vrijstaat, History of the Zuidafrikaansche Republiek (= Transvaal) 1910-1948 . 1948-1961 . 1961-1994 . Since 1994 |
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Pre-Apartheid Union of South Africa, 1910-1948 In 1910, the Cape Colony, Natal, the Orange River Colony and Transvaal joined to form the Union of South Africa, which had the status of a Dominion within the British Empire - only a small step from full independence. Both Cape Town and Pretoria were to be capitals. The Boer population of the Transvaal and the Free State had been maltreated during the Boer War (1899-1902) when many Boer women and children died in British concentration camps. In order to appease them, the British had reintroduced political representation (parliament) and self-government, and in 1910 granted full independence to the Union of South Africa, within the framework of the British Commonwealth. The first government was headed by Prime Minister Louis Botha, head of the South African Party. In 1912, J.B.M. Hertzog founded the National Party, which became the political organization for conservative Afrikaners intent to preserve racial segregation and white domination. In 1914, World War I broke out; the Botha administration led South Africa into the war on the side of the British. Adjacent German South-West Africa was enemy territory and quickly occupied by South African forces (1915); it was to be administrated by the South Africans until Namibia became independent in 1990. When World War I broke out in 1914, sentiment among the Afrikaner population was still largely anti-British. When General J. Smuts was cabled to bring his forces over to the East African war theatre, he replied : "Order received. Whom do we fight ? The Germans or the British ?" In South Africa in 1914, an estimated 11,000 Afrikaners, led by Boer War veteran officers, rose in revolt; the revolt was suppressed. Britain called on South African troops to serve on another front, against German East Africa. In 1916, British and South African troops, under the command of General J. Smuts, penetrated into German East Africa. German commander Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck switched to a guerilla tactic, tying up South African forces until the end of the war. Prime Minister LOUIS BOTHA died in 1919. was succeeded by J. Smuts. Labour unrest, caused by inflation, was repeatedly suppressed by force. In 1924, Smuts was succeeded by J.B.M. Hertzog, the leader of the National Party. Under him, legislation enforcing racial segregation was intensified. In 1930 Womanhood Suffrage was introduced. The Statute of Westminster (1931) even further reduced the dependency of the Dominion of South Africa from Britain. South Africa, like other countries, was affected by the Great Depression. In 1933, Hertzog and Smuts formed a coalition cabinet, in 1934 they merged their parties to form the United Party. Its policy was to promote the interest of their voters, that is South Africa's white population - often enough at the expense of the non-whites. Since 1933/1934 the coalition of Hertzog and Smuts and their United Party had been in government. When World War II broke out in 1939, Hertzog advocated a policy of strict neutrality, Smuts alliance with the British. The coalition broke apart of the issue; Smuts succeeded Hertzog as Prime Minister. South African troops were shipped to the East African front, where they occupied Italian East Africa in 1941, then proceeding to the Egyptian front, where they participated in the British victory at El Alamein etc. The downfall of the Hertzog government had created a split in the United Party, as many conservative Afrikaners still resented the British and regarded neutrality the better policy. Radicals even wanted to support Nazi Germany. The Purified National Party, founded by Daniel F. Malan in 1934 as he did not want to accept the merger of National and South African Party, gained membership and support among those who were disappointed about Hertzog's failure and downfall. In 1948, the election was won by Malan's National Party. Apartheid Union of South Africa, 1948-1961 In 1948, Daniel F. Malan, leader of the National Party, was Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa; under him the APARTHEID REGIME began. Every segment of society was segregated, from education down to public rest rooms. In the post-war years, South Africa saw an increase in European immigration. Economically, the country developed from the post-war boom. Internationally, South Africa was respected by the west for it's staunch anti-communist stand. In the late 1950es, when public attention focussed on decolonization, the South African Apartheid system came under criticism. In 1961, South Africa proclaimed the Republic. |
Apartheid Republic of South Africa, 1961-1994 From 1961 onward, the Republic of South Africa found itself increasingly internationally isolated. Its Commonwealth membership was suspended, the newly independent countries of Africa organized a boycott of South Africa; the African National Congress found sympathy for their cause abroad. Yet the South African government was determined to continue their Apartheid policy. For decades the economy did relatively well, despite international boycott, thanks to South African gold and diamond production. In continuation of Apartheid policy, certain stretches of land were set aside for the native population, the so-called Homelands (Bantustans), several of which were granted nominal independence : Transkei, Ciskei, Bophuthatswana, Venda. These states often consisted of several unconnected plots of land (of little economic value) and lacked basic infrastructure, having 'capitals' of a few thousand inhabitants. They were economically dependent on South Africa. Both the ANC and the international community regarded the 'homelands' as a trick to deprive the black population of South Africa of their South African citizenship. Attempts by the ANC to destabilize the government by armed struggle, organized from military bases in neighbouring countries, backfired; the actions brought bad press, and the South Africans were far more successfull in destabilizing the regimes of Mocambique and Angola, both countries were paralyzed by civil war. TV was introduced in South Africa as late as 1979. After the demise of communism it became apparent that South Africa could not continue on that path, and Nelson Mandela, a leading ANC politician who had spent 27 years in jail as a political prisoner, and Prime Minister Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations about the transition to a multiethnic multiparty democracy. A coalition government was formed in which Nelson Mandela served. Apartheid was abolished and multiparty elections were held in 1994. The homelands were reintegrated into South Africa. Both Mandela and de Klerk were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. Post-Apartheid Republic of South Africa, since 1994 The introduction of the suffrage for the non-white populace resulted in the dominance of the National Party being replaced by the dominance of the African National Congress (ANC). A Truth and Reconciliation Commission was to work up conflicts of the past. South Africa did experience problems, such as a partial exodus of white citizens and a rise in the crime rate. South Africa is still the most developed economy of the continent. Following the end of Apartheid, the country was again accepterd as a full member of the international community and in 2010 hosted the Soccer World Cup. In an administrative form, the Bantustans (never internationally recognized) were reintegrated, the Cape Province and Transvaal broken up, provinces renamed. Historical Atlas, South Africa Page |
Country Profiles | Current |
from CIA World Factbook;
BBC Country Profiles;
World Desk Reference;
Index Mundi,
Nations Encyclopedia;
from ISS Article : South Africa, from Wikipedia Library of Congress, Country Studies : South Africa |
Historical |
Africa Today Pamphlets : South African Crisis and United States Policy 1962 |
Links | General |
from BUBL;
Category : South Africa, from Wikipedia South Africa Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford The Republic of South Africa, from Post-Colonial Web |
on History |
from Virtual Library History;
from Virtual Library Labour History;
Category : History of South Africa, from Wikipedia |
Portals | South African History Online |
Historical Dictionaries |
P.E. Raper, Dictionary of Southern African Placenames n.d. |
Timelines |
from BBC News;
from timelines.ws;
from Wikipedia;
from South African History Online;
by Anne Lehmkuhl (until 1999);
from Global Integrity (since 1990) Apartheid Timeline, from United Nations Cyber Schoolbus South Africa Language Timeline, by Jako Olivier Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : South Africa, from Kirken i Norge |
Accounts of History | Modern |
Historical |
G. McCall Theal, A Short History of South Africa, 1486-1826, 1890, IA W.D. MacKenzie et al., South Africa, its history, heroes and wars, 1899, IA W.B. Worsfold, A History of South Africa 1900, IA G. Wintle, A Short History of South Africa 1900, IA A. Wilmot, A History of South Africa 1901, IA D. Fairbridge, A History of South Africa 1918, IA |
Politics | Links |
Political Resources on the Net : South Africa;
Governments on the WWW : South Africa Category : Elections in South Africa, from Wikipedia |
General |
Politics of South Africa, from Wikipedia;
Entry South Africa, in EISA Web Encyclopedia South Africa Profile, from International Crisis Group |
Political History |
DADM : South Africa, 1910-present,
South Africa/Namibia 1920-1990 P.F.G. Mtimkulu, The Key to One-Party Dominance : A Comparative Analysis of Selected States (Botswana, India, Israel, Italy, Sweden, South Africa), thesis Johannesburg 2006 |
Regional Organizations |
H. Masemola, An Analysis and Appraisal of Restructuring in SADCC/SADC since 1990, thesis Univ. of South Africa 2005 |
Political Institutions |
South African History Online : Tricameral Parliament Constitutional Court of South Africa : The History of the Constitution |
Political Parties |
Articles : United Party (South Afica),
National Party (South Africa),
African National Congress, Wikipedia |
Foreign Relations |
S. Orakçi, A Historical Analysis of the Emerging Links between the Ottoman Empire and South Africa, 1863-1923, thesis Univ. of Johannesburg 2007 Article : Parliament of South Africa, History, Wikipedia South African History Online : South Africa's Foreign Relations during Apartheid, 1948 University of Pretoria, Gordon Institute of Business Science, History of Japanese - South Africa relations, timeline Ministry of Economic Affairs, India, India-South Africa Relations South African Foreign Policy Initiative, China-South Africa diplomatic relations at 15 years: Pretoria's view 2013 Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa, United States of America (USA) (relations with) |
Secret Service |
S. Africa, 2009, 'The South African Intelligence Services: A Historical Perspective', in Changing Intelligence Dynamics in Africa, eds. S. Africa and J. Kwadjo, Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform (GFN-SSR) / African Security Sector Network (ASSN), Birmingham, UK, pp. 61-94 |
Propaganda |
R. Leonard, Apartheid Whitewash - South Africa Propaganda in the United States 1989, IA |
Military |
Wars of South Africa, 1800-1999, from ACED Orders, Decorations and Medals of South Africa, from ODM South African War Virtual Library Article Military History of South Africa, from Wikipedia The South African Military History Society Rhodesia and South Africa : Military History South African National Museum of Military History L. le Roux, The post-apartheid South African military: Transforming with the nation, ch.9, in M. Rupiya (ed.), Evolutions and Revolutions, A Contemporary History of Militaries in Southern Africa, ISS 2005 M. White, Death Tolls for the Multicides of the Twentieth Century, Second World War : South African losses, 1940-1945, South Africa : Apartheid Regime, 1948-1993, Namibia 1966-1990, Angolan Civil War, 1975-2002 |
Social History | General |
Racial Discrimination |
Wikipedia : Apartheid in South Africa, Wikipedia M. Horell, A survey of race relations in South Africa: 1954-1955, 1955, DISA K. Tankard, Proto-Apartheid at an Eastern Cape Town (= East London), n.d., ch.1, ch.2, ch.3, ch.4, ch.5, ch.6, ch.7, ch.8, ch.9, ch.10, ch.11 C.D. Carter, Computers and the Apartheid Regime in South Africa 1995 C. Bell, Apartheid's roots: The Natives Land Act 2013 South African History Online, From Segregation to Apartheid Postcolonial Studies at Emory : Apartheid |
Labour |
South African History Online : History of Labour Movements in South Africa E.A. Mantzaris, Labour Struggles in South Africa, The Forgotten Pages, 1903-1921 n.d., South African History Online South African Labour History Project National Labour Law Profile : South Africa, from ILO A. Laverty, Outcomes of Slavery in Brazil and South Africa 2007; liberal usage of the term "slavery" |
Civil Unrest |
Helena Pohlandt-McCormick, "I Saw a Nightmare ..." Doing Violence to Memory :
The Soweto Uprising, June 16, 1976, diss. Columbia UP n.d. |
Health |
South Africa, from Alcohol and Drugs History Society |
Women |
South African History Online : History of Women's struggle in South Africa |
Crime, Punishment |
South Africa, from Crime and Society. a Comparative Criminology Tour of the World by R. Winslow |
Poverty |
A.B. Teppo, The Making of a Good White. A Historical Ethnography of the Rehabilitation of Poor Whites in a Suburb of Cape Town, thesis Helsinki 2004 D. Mitlin et al., Social Movements and Poverty Reduction in South Africa 2009 |
Language |
S.J. du Toit, Geskidenis fan di Afrikaanse taalbeweging - Uit publike en prifate bronne bewerk deur 'n lid fan di Genootskap fan Regte Afrikaners 1880, North West Univ., Collection Africana H. Giliomee, The Rise and Possible Demise of Afrikaans as a Public Language 2012 |
Ethnography |
Languages of South Africa (25), from Ethnologue Art and Life in Africa : South Africa Category Languages of South Africa, from Wikipedia South Africa : Asians, Coloreds, Europeans, Xhosa, Zulus, from Minorities at Risk World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : South Africa UNHCR : UNHCR Migration Information Source : South Africa J. Boje et al., Kent gij dat volk: The Anglo-Boer War and Afrikaner identity in postmodern perspective Historia 56, 2, Nov. 2011, pp.59-72 M. Naidoo, Indian South African History from 1906 K.V. Jensen, Under Construction. Afrikaner Identities in Contemporary South Africa Approached through Discourse theory and the discourse-historical approach, thesis Aalborg 2008 Institutionalized Ethnicity : South Africa |
History of Regions |
see Cape Colony, Natal, Oranje Vrijstaat
(Orange Free State), Zuidafrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal) Article Provinces of South Africa, from Wikipedia Category : Provinces of South Africa, from Wikipedia Provinces of South Africa, from www.statoids.com J.M. Merklin, Countries and Territories of the 20th Century, 2009 : Union of South Africa 1918-07-08, 1928-07-08, 1938-07-08, 1948-07-08, 1958-07-08, Republic of South Africa 1968-07-08, 1978-07-08, 1988-07-08, 1998-07-08, 2008-07-08, |
Local History |
List of Cities in South Africa, from Wikipedia Articles : History of Cape Town, Port Elizabeth : History, East London : History, Durban : History, Pietermaritzburg : History, Bloemfontein : History, History of Johannesburg, Pretoria : History, Soweto : History, from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
South Africa, from Airline History History of Broadcasting in South Africa, from The Broadcast Archive Article Witwatersrand University : History, University of Cape Town : History, University of the Free State : History from Wikipedia Article Rail Transport in South Africa, from Wikipedia Structurae : South Africa; Search Lighthouse Explorer for South Africa |
Cultural History |
Articles South Africa at the Olympics,
Sport in South Africa,
Cricket in South Africa,
Rugby Union in South frica, from Wikipedia D. Allen, Studying South African Sports History: A Current Perspective, Impumelelo 6 2010 |
Biographies |
South African History Online : Biographies List of South Africans, from Wikipedia African Women Bibliographic Database Dictionary of African Christian Biography |
Environmental History |
P. Steyn, The Greening of our Past? An Assessment of South African Environmental Historiography B.M. Bennett, Locality and Empire: Networks of Forestry in Australia, India, and South Africa, 1843-1948, thesis Univ. of Texas 2010 T.C. Stehle, The Occurrence of Indigenous Forests in South Africa : Historical and Current, n.d. |
Others |
International Boundary Studies, search for South Africa Disaster History : South Africa, from Relief Web German P.O.W.s held in South Africa, from Kriegsgefangen.de, text in German |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon),
from Rulers (B. Schemmel),
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) |
Lists of Ambassadors |
List of Former Ambassadors to South Africa, from Ambafrance;
Chinese Ambassadors to South Africa, from PRC MOFA;
Embajadores de Mexico en Sudafrica, from Arcervo Historico Diplomatico |
Lists of Consuls | The Political Graveyard : South Africa, Consuls |
Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
Statistics South Africa |
Population Figures |
from Population Statistics (J. Lahmeyer) Historical Abortion Statistics : South Africa, from Internet Archive World Life Expectancy : Health Profile South Africa |
Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Historical Exchange Rates, from FXTop, since 1953 Federal Reserve (U.S.) : Foreign Exchange Rates, Historic |
Inflation Rates |
Index Mundi, South Africa Inflation Rate 1999-2011 Trading Economics, South Africa Inflation Rate 1968- |
Unemployment Rate |
Index Mundi, South Africa Unemployment Rate 1999-2011 |
Election Results |
from Psephos (since 1994);
from IFES Election Guide EISA : South Africa Election Archive African Elections Database : Elections in South Africa Search IPU Parline for "South Africa" |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
The London Gazette Archive History of South Africa, from World History Archives |
Modern Newspapers |
Newspapers and News Media : South Africa, from ABYZ;
from Online Newspapers,
from World Newspapers (links) |
Historical Magazines |
Search Time Magazine Search Life Magazine (1936-1972, GB) |
Online Yearbooks - South Africa Entries |
Statesman's Year-Book, Union of South Africa
1913, pp.200-225, IA,
1919, pp.207-234, IA,
1921, pp.210-242, IA UN Yearbook Collection, 1946-2007 The Question of Race Conflict in the Union of South Africa, Treatment of People of Indian Origin in the Union of South Africa, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, Situation Arising out of the Killing of Demonstrators against Racial Discrimination and Segregation in the Union of South Africa, The Question of Race Conflict in the Union of South Africa, Treatment of People of Indian and Indo-Pakistan Origin in the Union of South Africa, 1960, Questions Concerning South Africa's Apartheid Policies 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, Matters Concerning South Africa's Apartheid Policies 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, South Africa and Apartheid; Other Matters Involving South Africa 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, South Africa and the End of Apartheid 1994 |
Staatskalender |
Audio Collections |
Newsreels |
Films on History/Society |
Colonial Film : South Africa Villon Films, South African Propaganda Films Collection (list of available tapes; commercial site) |
Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
University of Johannesburg Digispace |
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Accidental Collections |
Universal Collections Items on South Africa |
License Plates, from Francoplaque, from
License Plates around the World Passports of South Africa, from World Passports Airline Timetable Images : South Africa Search Scripophily for South Africa |
Archival Deposits | South Africa Collections |
Anti-Apartheid Movement Archives, South Africa/Namibia Association (SANAM) International Institute of Social History (IISH, Amsterdam, NL) : Collection Posters Nelson Mandela, Anti-Apartheid Posters, Anti-Apartheid and Southern Africa Collection Guide Bodleian Library, Catalogue of the archive of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1956-98, Catalogue by L. McCann 2002 |
Archives holding docs. on N. |
Bundesarchiv, Germany National Archives, UK International Court of Justice Search Peace Corps Digital Library |
Laws |
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by South Africa, from
ILO, 21 docs. since 1919 South African Legal Information Institute, Databases |
Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
Bilateral Treaty Collections |
Consular Reports |
Supplement to Commerce reports : daily consular and trade reports issued by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce,
British South Africa, Jan. 18 1915, IA;
June 25 1915, IA;
Aug. 5 1915, IA;
Oct. 8 1915, IA;
Oct. 16 1915, IA;
Oct. 24 1916, IA;
Aug. 22 1917, IA;
Dec. 6 1917, IA;
Durban, July 2 1918, IA;
Johannesburg, Dec. 18 1918, IA;
Feb. 28 1919, IA;
Oct. 27 1919, IA;
Durban, Dec. 31 1920, IA |
Historiography |
E.C.G. Molsbergen, A History of South Africa for Use in Schools
1910, IA |
Document Surveys | British Library, South Africa Official Publications |
Document Collections |
Across the Periods South Africa Documents, at Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem DISA, Digital Innovation South Africa; online Archive 1910-1948 Great Britain. Dominions Royal Commission, Minutes of evidence taken in the Union of South Africa in 1914 pts.1,2 1914, IA G.W. Eybers, Select constitutional documents illustrating South African history, 1795-1910, 1918, IA 1948-1994 Truth Commissions : South Africa, from United States Institute of Peace Since 1994 Information by Country : South Africa, from U.S. Committee for Refugees, 4 reports 1991-2000 ANC Historical Documents Archive Marxists.org, ComIntern Documents : South Africa's Communist Party Marxists.org, ANC Documents South African History Online, Documents and articles relating to African National Congress South African Communist Party : Historical Documents Wilson Center Digital Archive : South African Nuclear History BBC Archive : Apartheid in South Africa Collection |
Individual Documents |
Southern African Customs Union, 1910 Southern African Customs Union (SACU) Agreement UN General Assembly 1946 Resolution No.44, Treatment of Indians in South Africa Umkhonto we Sizwe, We are at War, 1967, from Modern History Sourcebook UN Resolution 1598 : On Race Conflict in South Africa, 1961, from Modern History Sourcebook |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
Department of Land Affairs , National Mapping Agencies in Africa |
collections : Africa |
Historical Maps of Africa, University of Alabama |
collections : South Africa |
South Africa Maps, from David Rumsey Map Collection South Africa Maps, from PCL, UTexas Category : Old maps of South Africa, Maps of the history of South Africa, Wikimedia Commons |
Africa, Modern |
Africa 1905,
1912,
1938,
1959,
1967,
1993, J. de Salas Vara del Rey |
Africa, Contemporary |
Historical Map of Africa 1885,
Nations Online Project Africa 1885, PCL, UTexas Africa 1909, World Maps Online Africa 1910, Emerson Kent Africa 1913, Zonu |
South Africa, Modern |
South Africa 1842,
1847,
1858,
1884,
1894,
1961,
1979,
2003, J. de Salas Vara del Rey |
South Africa, contemporary |
R. de Lannoy de Bissy, Carte de l'Afrique a l'echelle de 1:2 000 000
53. Barmen 1883,
53. Windhoek 1898,
54. Kourouman 1882,
54. Kourouman 1883,
54. Vryburg 1897,
55. Pretoria 1882,
55. Pretoria 1896,
55. Pretoria 1899,
58. Port Nolloh 1881,
58. Port Nolloh 1883,
58. Port Nolloh 1898,
59. Ville du Cap 1881,
59. Ville du Cap 1884,
59. Ville du Cap 1899,
60. Pietermaritzburg 1881,
60. Pietermaritzburg 1883,
60. Pietermaritzburg 1897, Gallica South Africa 1:250,000 (U.S. Army, Map Service, 1954-) numerous sheets, part of them posted, PCL, UTexas Africa 1:2.000.000, U.S. Army Map Service, sheets 34 Johannesburg (1970), sheet 35 Cape of Good Hope (1958), sheet 36 Durban (1969), PCL, UTexas South Africa 1898, 1899, 1911, 1938, 1950, South African Railways 1906, Probert Encyclopedia |
Detail, modern |
Detail, contemporary |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles South Africa,
Natal,
Orange Free State,
Transvaal,
Zululand,
Kaffraria,
Griqualand East,
Transkei,
Cape Colony,
Cape Town,
Graham's Town,
Kimberley,
Port Elizabeth,
Pietermaritzburg,
Durban,
Ulundi,
Bloemfontein,
Potchefstroom,
Johannesburg,
Pretoria, EB 1911,
Classic Encyclopedia, Internet Archive Wayback Machine Article Transvaal, EB 1922, Wikisource Articles Kapland, Natal, Oranjefluss-Republik, Südafrikanische Republik, Kapstadt, Port Elizabeth, Durban, Bloemfontein, Potschefstroom, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Walfischbai Meyers Konversationslexikon 4th ed. 1885-1892, in German, Retrobibliothek |
Religious |
Articles South Africa,
Johannesburg, from Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 Articles Western Vicariate of he Cape of Good Hope, Eastern Vicariate of the Cape of Good Hope, Hottentots, Kafirs, Natal, Orange Free State, Kimberley in Orange, Transvaal, Zululand, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1907 edition |
Economic |
Union of South Africa pp.325-333 in J. MacFarlane,
Economic geography, c. 1910, GB |
Geographical |
Ethnographical |
South Africa, pp.4673-4712 in vol.7A of J.A. Hammerton,
Peoples of All Nations, c.1920, illustrated, IA |
Historical |
Parliamentary Debates |
Search Hansard (UK) for South Africa Parliament of the Republic of South Africa Hansard 1999- |
Travelogues |
Institutions | Archives |
South African History Archive; National Archives of South Africa |
Musea |
Museums Online South Africa Iziko. Museums of South Africa Apartheid Museum |
Monuments |
South Africa by Province, from Showcaves |
Libraries |
National Library of South Africa Libraries in South Africa, from LibDex |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry National Anthem, from David's National Anthem Reference Page |
Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of South Africa, from World Currency Museum,
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money Coin Catalogue of South Africa, from Numismaticon; South African coins from Collections of Coins, bilingual Russian and English page; South Africa Coins, from World Coin Gallery; Search Coin Archives for South Africa; South Africa, from Encyclopedia of Small Silver Coins |
Stamps |
Rare Cape of Good Hope,
Natal,
Griqualand West,
Orange Free State,
Transvaal,
Stellaland,
South Africa Stamps, from Sandafayre Stamps Gallery;
Stamps Cape of Good Hope,
Griqualand,
Orange Free State,
Natal,
Transvaal,
Stellaland,
Zululand,
South Africa, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer |
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND PRINT SOURCES Bibliographies . Online Libraries . Thesis Servers . Online Journals . General Accounts . Specific Topics . Historical Dictionaries . Statistical Data . Yearbooks |
Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
on South Africa | survey of bibliographies |
Princeton University Library, Bibliographies on South Africa |
bibliographic database |
South African National Bibliography AfricaBib : Africana Periodical Literature, African Women, Women Travelers, Explorers and Missionaries to Africa African Borderlands Research Network : Bibliography Ethno-Net Africa Database : South Africa, Bibliography |
general bibliographies |
pp.197-234 in C. Saunders, Historical Dictionary of South Africa, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1983 [G] Bibliography, from Library of Congress Country Studies : South Africa Bibliography, from South African History Online N. Musiker, South African History. A Bibliographic Guide with Special Reference to Territorial Expansion and Colonisation, NY : Garland 1984 [G] |
annual bibliographies |
specialist bibliographies |
L. and D. Switzer, The Black Press in South Africa and Lesotho. A descriptive bibliographic
guide to African, Coloured and Indian newspapers, newsletters and magazines 1836-1976 Bibliography on the Catholic Church in South Africa Bibliography, Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy SA-SIG K. Chetty, A Bibliography on Indians in South Africa Bibliography on Climate Change in Southern Africa Stories of Struggle. Life Stories from Apartheid South Africa, Bibliography A Bibliography on Buddhism in South Africa, from Global Buddhism D.E. Miller, T. Maggs, Precolonial Metalworking in Africa, A Bibliography (1998) RICSA, Select Bibliography on the Social History of Christianity in South Africa |
serial publications |
List of Publications, from UKZN Press Queens University, Southern African Research Centre, graduate theses |
general bibliographies South Africa entries |
J. Gay, Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l'Afrique et a l'Arabie : catalogue methodique de tous les ouvrages français et des principaux en langues etrangeres traitant de la geographie, de l'histoire, du commerce, des lettres et des arts de l'Afrique et de l'Arabie 1875, in French, Gallica Roots Institute, Bibliography of Published Primary Sources in African History (English Language) South Africa-Bibliographie, from Afrika-Handbuch, at Univ. of Vienna |
booksellers |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
Gallica International Boundary Studies |
on South Africa |
Aluka, African Online Digital Library (AODL),
African Digital Library (ADL) |
Thesis Server |
IR Space, Search South African & African research repositories Rhodes Univ., Grahamstown; Stellenbosch University, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, University of South Africa, Cape Town North-West University, Potchefstroom University of Pretoria University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg University of Johannesburg, Theses and Dissertations University of the Free State, Electronic Theses and Dissertations Database University of KwaZulu-Natal, Research Space Registry of Open Access Repositories : South Africa Open Access Theses and Dissertations |
Online Journals | full text online |
Directory of Open Access Journals African e-Journals Project, Journal Directory Historical Association of South Africa, Historia South African Military History Society, Military History Journal 1967-; all but the last few issues freely accessible online |
Historiography |
Article : South African Historiography, by T.J. Stapleton, pp.852-854, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
General Accounts |
Readers Digest, Illustrated History of South Africa, Pleasantville, NY : Readers Digest, (1988) 1989 [G] Jonathan Paton, The Land and People of South Africa, Harper & Row 1990 [G] Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.28, pp.908-929 Article Southern Africa : South Africa. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.28 W.J. de Kock, History of South Africa, Dept. of Information, Pretoria 1971 [G] |
Specific Topics |
Charles H. Feinstein, An Economic History of South Africa, Cambridge : UP 2005 K.C. Tessendorf, A Racial History of South Africa, NY : Atheneum 1989 [G] Jonathan Crush, Cheap Gold : Mine Labour in Southern Africa, pp.172-177; Alan H. Jeeves, Migrant Labour and the State under Apartheid, 1949-1989, pp.178-182 in : Robin Cohen, The Cambridge Survey of World Migration, Cambridge : UP 1995, KMLA Lib.Sign. 304.809 C678c M.S. Geen, The Making of the Union of South Africa, a brief history 1487-1939, London : Longmans 1946 [G] D.W. Krüger, The Age of the Generals, A Short Political History of the Union of South Africa 1910-1948, n.pl. : Dagbreek 1958 [G] Eric Rosenthal, Die Verbygande Jare. Die verhaal van General Motors in Suid-Afrika 1926-1976, n.pl., n.yr., in Afrikaans [G] Surendra Bhana, Gandhi's Legacy. The Natal Indian Congress 1894-1994, Pietermaritzburg : UP of Natal 1997 [G] Vic Alhadeff, A Newspaper History of South Africa, Cape Town : Don Nelson (1976) 3rd ed. 1990 [G] Chapters 24 : The Union of South Africa : Successors to Malan, pp.449-483; 25 : The Union : Country, Towns, and Issues pp.484-515; 26 : The Union : The Blacks and the Browns, pp.516-544; 27 : The Union : Gold, Diamonds, and South West Africa, pp.545-567 in : John Gunther, Inside Africa, NY : Harper & Bros. (1953) 1955 [G] John Gunther, Meet South Africa, NY : Harper & Brothers 1958 [G] Long Walk to Freedom - the Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, 1995, 625 pp. |
Historical Dictionaries |
Christopher Saunders, Historical Dictionary of South Africa, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1983 [G] |
Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
Yearbook Entries |
South Africa, 1913 pp.702-712 [G] South Africa, The Union Of, 1944 pp.650-652, 1945 pp.650-651, 1946 pp.688-689, 1947 pp.709-710, 1948 pp.687-688, 1949 pp.594-596 [G] The Union of South Africa, 1950 pp.636-637, 1951 pp.641-643, 1952 pp.643-645, 1953 pp.652-654, 1954 pp.655-657, 1955 pp.702-704, 1956 pp.640-642, 1957 pp.703-704, 1958 pp.645-646, 1959 pp.637-638, 1960 pp.639-641, 1961 pp.641-643 [G] South Africa, 1962 pp.632-633, 1963 pp.739-740, 1964 pp.755-757, 1965 pp.744-745, 1966 pp.690-692, 1967 pp.690-692, 1968 pp.699-700, 1969 pp.681-683, 1970 pp.689-691, 1971 pp.673-675, 1972 pp.631-633, 1973 pp.617-619, 1974 pp.620-62, 1975 pp.621-626, 1976 pp.618-620, 1977 pp.617-620, 1978 pp.632-636, 1979 pp.626-629, 1980 pp.621-625, 1981 pp.621-624, 1982 pp.624-628, 1983 pp.617-621, 1984 pp.621-624, 1985 pp.474-476, 780, 1986 pp.468-472, 779, 1988 pp.397-400, 699, 1989 pp.397-400, 699, 1990 pp.414-417, 715, 1993 pp.370-372, 716, 1994 pp.368-371, 716, 1995 pp.471-475, 716 [G] |
Statesman's Yearbook |
Union of South Africa, 1910 pp.195-227, 1919 pp.207-234, 1924 pp.216-242, 1925 pp.220-248, 1926 pp.224-248,
1928 pp.222-248, 1929 pp.224-249, 1932 pp.227-251, 1937 pp.247-243, 1943 pp.433-459 [G] South Africa, 1970-1971 pp.1281-1302, 1975-1976 pp.1289-1309, 1978-1979 pp.1064-1084, 1980-1981 pp.1067-1087, 1983-1984 pp.1070-1090, 1984-1985 pp.1067-1085, 1985-1986 pp.1068-1097, 1987-1988 pp.1073-1091, 1988-1989 pp.1077-1094, 1989-1990 pp.1088-1112, 1990-1991 pp.1088-1112, 1991-1992 pp.1091-1115, 1992-1993 pp.1182-1206, 1993-1994 pp.1184-1208, 1994-1995 pp.1190-1208, 1995-1996 pp.1180-1198, 1996-1997 pp.1156-1175, 1997-1998 pp.1157-1175, 1998-1999 pp.1263-1283, 2000 pp.1416-1444, 2001 pp.1381-1414 , 2002 pp.1437-1468, 2003 pp.1436-1466, 2004 pp.1457-1487, 2005 pp.1467-1494 [G] |
Americana Annual |
South Africa, Union of, 1927 pp.794-798, 1928 pp.726-728, 1930 pp.713-716, 1931 pp.710-711,
1932 pp.663-665, 1933 pp.717-719, 1934 pp.550-552, 1935 pp.662-665, 1936 pp.676-678, 1937 pp.651-652,
1938 pp.644-645, 1939 pp.707-709, 1940 pp.717-719 [G] Union of South Africa, 1943 pp.669-671, 1944 pp.644-646, 1945 pp.658-660, 1946 pp.680-683, 1947 pp.657-659 [G] South Africa, Union of, 1957 pp.718-721, 961 pp.683-685 [G] South Africa, 1962 pp.689-692, 1963 pp.609-611, 1964 pp.597-599, 1965 pp.632-633, 1967 pp.611-613, 1968 pp.604-606, 1969 pp.607-608, 1970 pp.616-617, 1971 pp.605-606, 1972 pp.600-601, 1973 pp.75, 602-603, 1974 pp.521-522, 1976 pp.74, 489-490, 1989 pp.467-469, 1990 pp.462-464, 1992 pp.465-469, 1993 pp.469-471, 1994 pp.478-480 [G] |
Other |
South Africa 1989-1990, Official Yearbook, 15th ed., Pretoria 1990 [G] South Africa 2000/2001 (Official Yearbook); South Africa Yearbook 2001 [G] |