Literature on the History of West Africa |
Togo | Cameroon |
Nigeria since Independence , 1939-1960 , 1918-1939 ,
1914-1918 Biafra Northern Nigeria .. Southern Nigeria Lagos .. Oil Rivers Protectorate .. Royal Niger Company Oyo .. Benin .. Sokoto .. Bornu Historical Atlas, British West Africa Page see also History of British West Africa Students' Paper : Chang, HyeJin, Environmental History of West Africa (2012) Students' Paper : Kim, Ji Yang, Demographic History of West Africa (2009) Students' Papers : Kim, Jiwan, The European View of West Africa and Colonialism as expressed in Historic Encyclopedias (2009) |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SITES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | Modern |
CIA World Factbook : Nigeria; BBC Country Profile
Nigeria;
World Desk Reference : Nigeria;
Art and Life in Africa : Nigeria Library of Congress Country Studies : Nigeria Nigeria Page, from African Studies at UPenn; from Africa South of the Sahara at Stanford Nigeria Information, from Art & Life of Africa Country Profile : Nigeria, from ISS Nigeria Profile, from International Crisis Group |
Historical |
J. McQueen, A geographical and commercial view of northern Central Africa :
containing a particular account of the course and termination of the great river Niger in the Atlantic ocean 1821, IA A.F. Mockler-Ferryman, British Nigeria; a geographical and historical description of the British possessions adjacent to the Niger River, West Africa 1902, IA E.D. Morel, Nigeria, its Peoples and its Problems 1911, IA |
Links | General |
Nigeria, from Post-Colonial Web (links) Dawodu.com, has numerous articles on Nigerian history and politics |
on History |
Historical Dictionaries |
Afropedea Yorupedia |
Organizations |
Historical Society of Nigeria West Africa Study Circle (Philatelist) |
Timelines |
Timeline, from BBC News;
from timelines.ws Timeline Nigerian History, from ngex |
Accounts of History |
History of Nigeria, from newafrica.com Brief History of Nigeria, from Motherland Nigeria Historical Government, from Motherland Nigeria Nigeria : History Overview, from Postcolonial Web |
Politics |
Political Resources on the Net : Nigeria For the Record : Nigeria, from UN Human Rights System Environmental Treaties : Nigeria, from Pop Planet N.J. Zilius, Nationalism and Regionalism in Nigeria 1969, IA Tanzania recognizes Biafra, ch.9 of G. Mwakikagile, Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era 2010 V.A.O. Adetula (ed.), Money and Politics in Nigeria, IFES |
Military | General |
Wars of Nigeria 1800-1999, from ACED Article : Nigerian Armed Forces, from Wikipedia Global Security, Nigerian Army ODM : Orders, Decorations and Medals of Nigeria Article : Orders, Decorations and Medals of Nigeria, from Wikipedia M. White, Death Tolls for the Multicides of the Twentieth Century, Nigeria : Satiru Massacre, 1906, Nigeria, Egba Revolt 1918, Nigeria : Biafra, 1966-1970, Nigeria, Muslim Uprising 1981-1984, Nigeria, Internal Conflict, 1990- |
Military Units |
Article : Southern Nigeria Regiment, from Wikipedia |
Conflicts, Colonial Era |
Carolyn A. Brown, The Iva Valley Shooting at Enugu Colliery, Nigeria : African Workers'
Aspirations and the Failure of Colonial Labor Reform, IEHC 2006 S. Vandeleur, Campaigning on the upper Nile and Niger 1898, IA A. Parkinson, The Cameroon Involvement, Britain's Small Wars |
Conflicts, Independence Era | Biafra |
Global Security : Biafra War ICE Case Studies : The Biafran War Mercenary Wars : Biafra 1966 Operation Biafra Babies O. Nkwocha, The Republic of Biafra, Once upon a Time in Nigeria, my story of the Biafra-Nigerian Civil War, a struggle for survival (1967-1970) 2010 Article : Operation OAU, from Wikipedia R.M. Shain, Two Niger Delta Texts on the "Biafran" War, NWU, Passages no. 6, pp. 15-16, 1993 BBC News : Biafra, 30 years on, Jan 13 2000 |
Niger Delta |
Article : Conflict in the Niger Delta, from Wikipedia Forgotten Diaries : Nigeria and Niger Delta Global Security : Nigeria-Niger Delta S. Omofonmwan, Oil Exploitation and Conflict in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria, EISF 2009 J.B. Asuni, Blood Oil in the Niger Delta, USIP 2009 M.G. Ngwane, The ethnicisation of the Oil conflict in the Niger Delta, 2010 A. Ikelegbe, The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria , Nordic Journal of African Studies 14 (2) : 208-234 (2005) |
Economy & Finances | General |
Global Integrity : Nigeria 2004,
Nigeria 2006,
Nigeria 2007 |
Economic History |
Article : Economic History of Nigeria |
Currency and Finances |
Tables of Modern Monetary History : Africa, from www.dollarization.org, scroll down for Nigeria P. Okpiebo, Nigerian National Accounts, 1950-1957, African Studies in Income and Wealth, 1962 I.G. Stewart, Consumer Demand in Nigeria, African Studies in Income and Wealth, 1962 |
Institutions |
Article : Nigerian Stock Exchange, History, from Wikipedia |
Trade |
Agriculture |
Online Nigeria, History of Nigeria Agriculture by Sector M.I. Daneji, Agricultural Development Intervention Programmes in Nigeria (1960 To Date): A Review, Savannah Review of Agriculture 2011 |
Mining |
Phia Steyn, Oil Exploration in Colonial Nigeria, IEHC 2006 G.U. Nwokeji (ed.), Tne Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and the Development of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry : History, Strategies and Current Directions, Rice Univ. 2007 Wilson Center : Report from Africa : Oil Conflict and Accumulation Politics in Nigeria K.A. Klieman, U.S. Oil Companies, the Nigerian Civil War, and the Origins of Opacity in the Nigerian Oil Industry, Journal of American History 99 2012 pp.155-165 Funding Universe, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation History C.I. Obi, Oil Extraction, Dispossession, Resistance and Conflict in Nigeria's Oil-Rich Niger Delta , draft, Uppsala Article : Petroleum Industry in Nigeria, from Wikipedia The History of Shell in Nigeria A.F. Calvert, Nigeria and its tin fields 1910, IA |
Industries |
Nairaland Forum, History of Nollywood, Nigeria's Mega Film Industry Nigerian Steel Industry - Historical Development |
Social History |
Article : Demographics of Nigeria, from Wikipedia Article : Corruption in Nigeria, from Wikipedia Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The Abolition of the Slave Trade, Peoples from the Kongo and the Bight of Biafra R. Winslow, Comparative Criminology, Nigeria Article : Education in Nigeria, from Wikipedia |
Ethnography | General |
Languages of Nigeria (505), from Ethnologue World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Nigeria Nigeria, from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre African Alphabets, by Saki Mafundikwa, on the Bagam syllabary and the Nsibidi, Yoruba, Ibibio-Efik alphabet (Nigeria) B. Salawu, Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Nigeria: Causal Analysis and Proposals for New Management Strategies, European Journal of Social Sciences 13/3 2010 Category : Ethnic Groups in Nigeria, from Wikipedia |
Hausa-Fulani |
A.M. Bunza, The emergence of Hausa identity: religion and society
2008 |
Igbo |
Igbo People of Nigeria, History of the Igbo People of Nigeria Article : Igbo People, from Wikipedia J. Harnischfeger, Igbo Nationalism and Biafra, Afrikanistik Online 2011 |
Ijaw |
Earth Rights Institute, History of Ijaws and Neighbours in Southern Nigeria Article : Ijaw People, from Wikipedia |
Itsekiri |
Article : Itsekiri People, from Wikipedia |
Kanuri |
Article : Kanuri People, from Wikipedia P.A. Benton, The Languages and People of Bornu, 1968, IA |
Urhobo |
Article : Urhobo People, from Wikipedia A. Saluri, The Establishment of British Administration in the Urhobo Country, 1891-1913 (Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, vol.1 no.3 (Dec.) 1958, pp.184-209) |
Other |
G.D. Hazzledine, The white man in Nigeria, 1904, IA |
Yoruba |
Article : History of the Yoruba People, from Wikipedia S. Johnson, The history of the Yorubas : from the earliest times to the beginning of the British Protectorate 1921, IA |
Religion | Religious History |
B. Salawu, Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Nigeria: Causal Analysis and
Proposals for New Management Strategies, European Journal of Social Sciences 13/3 2010 A. Kariuki, Violence begets Violence: Nigeria's deathly religious history A.O. Omotosho, Religious Violence in Nigeria - the Causes and Solutions: an Islamic Perspective 2003 |
Islam |
Article : Islam in Nigeria, from Wikipedia Article : Shi'a Islam in Nigeria, from Wikipedia |
Christianity |
Article : Church of Nigeria : History, from Wikipedia Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Nigeria, from Kirken i Norge |
by Region | Pre-Colonial States | General |
List of Nigerian Traditional States, from Wikipedia |
Adamawa |
Article : Adamawa Emirate, from Wikipedia Adamawa Emirate, The Chronicles, the History |
Benin |
Articles : Benin Empire,
Oba of Benin, from Wikipedia A.M. Boisragon, The Benin Massacre, 1898, IA R. Bacon, Benin, the City of Blood 1897, IA A.J. Dawson, In the Bight of Benin, 1897, IA H.L. Roth, Great Benin; its customs, art and horrors 1903, IA J. Pinnock, Benin : the surrounding country, inhabitants, customs, and trade 1897, IA J. Fawckner, Narrative of Captain James Fawckner's travels on the coast of Benin, West Africa (1732) 1837, IA |
Bornu |
Articles : Bornu Empire,
Sayfawa Dynasty,
Borno Emirate, from Wikipedia A.R.I. Doi, Islam in Kanem-Bornu Empire Lists of Mais (Kings) of Kanem-Bornu, from Afropedea A. Schulze, Das Sultanat Bornu mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Deutsch-Bornus, 1910, in German, IA |
Gombe |
Article : Gombe Emirate, from Wikipedia |
Ilorin |
Article : Ilorin Emirate, from Wikipedia |
Kalabari |
Article : Kalabari Kingdom, from Wikipedia |
Kano |
Articles : Kingdom of Kano,
Kano Emirate, from Wikipedia |
Oyo |
Article : Oyo Empire, from Wikipedia |
Sokoto |
Article : Sokoto Caliphate, from Wikipedia |
Warri |
Article : Kingdom of Warri, from Wikipedia |
Historic Polities/Provinces | Biafra |
Article : Biafra, from Wikipedia C. Schmidt, Aktion Biafra, NZZ July 6 2007, in German |
Lagos Colony |
Article : Lagos Colony, from Wikipedia L. Mathe-Shires, Lagos Colony and Oil Rivers Protectorate |
Northern Nigeria |
Article : Northern Nigeria Protectorate, from Wikipedia F.L.S. Lugard, A tropical dependency : an outline of the ancient history of the western Sudan with an account of the modern settlement of northern Nigeria, 1905, IA C.W.J. Orr, The making of Northern Nigeria 1911, IA |
Oil Rivers (Niger Coast) Protectorate |
Article : Niger Coast Protectorate (Oil Rivers Protectorate), from Wikipedia L. Mathe-Shires, Lagos Colony and Oil Rivers Protectorate F.E. Hodges, Consular Jurisdiction in Her Majesty's Protectorate of the Niger Coast 1895, IA |
Royal Niger Company Chartered Territory |
Article : Royal Niger Company, from Wikipedia |
Southern Nigeria |
Article : Southern Nigeria Protectorate, from Wikipedia C.H. Robinson, Nigeria, Our Latest Protectorate 1900, IA R. Simpson, The Bite of Benin : "where Many Go in But Few Come Out", 1919, IA Nigeria Colonial Government, Owerri : General notes for the provinces as a whole, and notes on Onitsha Province 1948, IA A.G. Leonard, The Lower Niger and its Tribes, 1906, IA |
Modern States | General |
Article : States of Nigeria, from Wikipedia States of Nigeria, from www.statoids.com |
Geographic Regions | Niger Delta |
Article : Niger Delta, from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
Nigeria, from Airline History |
Biographies |
Others |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SITES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
World Statesmen : Nigeria, by Ben Cahoon;
Rulers : Nigeria, by B. Schemmel;
Regnal Chronologies : West Africa, scroll down for Kano |
Lists of Ambassadors |
Chinese Ambassadors to Nigeria, from PRC MOFA |
Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Nigeria, from Population
Statistics at Univ. Utrecht |
Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Nairaland, Nigeria Exchange Rate to Dollar History 1972- |
Inflation Rates |
Historical Inflation Rates, from Index Mundi, since 2000 |
Election Results |
Nigeria, from Elections around the World |
Documents | Historical Newspapers | Official Gazettes |
Hemerotheques |
Selected Articles |
Time Topics : Biafra The History of the Republic of Nigeria, from World History Archives |
Staatskalender |
Digitized Books from
Nigeria 1897-1938
British Online Archives, Nigeria Blue Books 1862-1945 |
Online Yearbooks - Nigeria Entries |
Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Accidental Collections |
Digital Journalist : 100 Photographs that Changed the World by Life : Biafra 1969 |
Universal Collections Items on Nigeria |
License Plates : Nigeria, from Francoplaque Airline Timetable Images : Nigeria |
Archival Deposits | British Archives |
National Archives, UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office, Archive Records ArchivesHub, UK British Library, Nigeria Official Publications (British) Government Publications Relating to Africa in Microform, D.C. Dorward : Government Publications Relating to Nigeria 1862-1960 (British) Government Publications Relating to Africa in Microform, D.C. Dorward : Annual Departmental Reports Relating to Nigeria and British Cameroons, 1887-1961 Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Nigeria: Political Parties, Trades Unions and Pressure Groups Material 1957-, ArchivesHub |
U.S. Archives |
National Archives, US : Confidential U.S. State Department Files :
Biafra-Nigeria 1967-1969 |
Dutch Archives |
Nationaal Archief,
Ambassade Nigeria 1959-1974 |
Nigerian Archives |
Endangered Archives : EAP087 :
Northern Nigeria: precolonial documents preservation scheme |
Constitutions, Laws |
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Nigeria, from
ILO,
33 docs. since 1960 |
Treaties |
Document Surveys |
Document Collections |
Truth Commissions : Nigeria, from United States Institute of Peace U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, Nigeria : Document List Biafraland, US Diplomatic Archives: Nigeria (1964-1968), extract of Foreign Relations vol.xxiv World History Sources : The Nigerian Civil War and its Documents S. Ekine (ed.), Blood and Oil : Testimonies of Violence from the Women of the Niger Delta, sources date from 1990 to 2000, IA Radio Biafra London Online : Secret British Papers Released : Why Biafra Lost the War Wikileaks : Nigeria Open Source Guinea; site difficult to navigate, lots of primary sources |
Individual Documents |
H. Goldie (ed.), Memoir of King Eyo VII of Old Calabar : a Christian king of Africa, 1894,
IA C.O. Ojukwu, Biafra's Declaration of Independence 1967, Black Past C.O. Ojukwu, Ahiara Declaration, The Principles of the Biafran Revolution speech June 1 1969 |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
Directorate of Technical Cooperation in Africa (DTCA), National Mapping Agencies in Africa Federal Surveys, National Mapping Agencies in Africa National Space research and Development Agency, National Mapping Agencies in Africa |
collections : West Africa | Historical Map Archive : Historical Maps of West Africa |
collections : Nigeria |
Maps of Urhobo Lands and the Niger Delta, from Waado Nigeria Maps, PCL, UTexas Category : Maps of the History of Nigeria, Old Maps of Nigeria, from Wikimedia Commons David Rumsey Map Collection : Nigeria |
West Africa, Modern |
West Africa, Contemporary |
d'Anville, Carte de la Cote de Guinee, 1729, Gallica H. Moll 1729 : West Africa, Urhobo Historical Society Imago Mundi, Carte de l'Afrique occidentale française, Vidal de la Blache c.1910 West Africa 1914, from Heritage History Humtec, AOF c. 1930s AOF 1936 Missions protestantes en A.O.F., 1950, Carte d'implantation des differentes societes de missions protestante, 1952, DEFAP Carte des fuseaux horaires de l'Afrique occidentale française 1912, Gallica Carte zootechnique de l'Afrique occidentale française 1906, Gallica Repartition approximative des peuplements naturels de caoutchouc (AOF) 1906, Gallica AOF 1936, Wikipedia Guinea (i.e. most of French West Africa) 1936, Probert Encyclopedia Carte de Soudan Occidental 1893, 1894, Gallica |
Nigeria, Modern |
Nigeria 1913,
1963,
1976, J. de Salas Vara del Rey Nigeria, Linguistic Groups, from T/V Tribe Nigeria Benin Cameroon Languages, from Wikipedia |
Nigeria, contemporary |
Gulf of Guinea (Gulf of Benin) c.1890, from Wikipedia Nigeria 1906, 1922, 1932, Probert Encyclopedia |
Detail, Modern |
Biafra Independent State, from Wikipedia |
Detail, Contemporary |
Willink Commission 1952-1953 Map 1 (Northern Region),
Map 2 (all of Nigeria),
Map 3 (Western Region),
Map 4 (Ilorin, Kabba Divisions),
Map 5 (Eastern Region) from Waado U.S. Army Map Service, West Africa 1:250,000, 1955-, PCL, UTexas |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article Nigeria, from EB 1911 |
Religious |
Article Nigeria, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911 edition |
Economic |
Nigeria pp.343-346 in J. MacFarlane,
Economic geography, c. 1910, GB |
Geographical |
Historical |
Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Institutions | Archives |
National Archives of Nigeria, ArchivesWiki |
Musea |
National Commission for Museums and Monuments, Nigeria |
Monuments |
Libraries |
National Libraries of Africa : Nigeria |
Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry; from Wappenlexikon,
comment in German, with history National Anthems : Nigeria, from National Anthems, from David's National Anthem Reference Page |
Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Nigeria, from Ron Wise's World Paper Money;
from World Currency Museum Collections of Coins : Nigeria, bilingual Russian-English page |
Stamps |
Rare Nigeria,
Niger Coast,
Northern Nigeria,
Lagos Stamps, from Sandafayre Stamp Gallery Stamps Oil Rivers 1892-1894, Nigeria 1914, Northern Nigeria 1900-1912, Lagos 1874-1906, Southern Nigeria, 1901-1912, from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database |
on Nigeria | survey of bibliographies |
bibliographic database |
AfricaBib : Africana Periodical Literature,
African Women,
Women Travelers, Explorers and Missionaries to Africa African Borderlands Research Network : Bibliography Ethno-Net Africa Database : Nigeria, Bibliography |
general bibliographies |
pp.347-384 in A. Oyewole, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1987 [G] pp.547-566 in A. Oyewole, D. Lucas, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 2000, KMLA Library R 966.9 O98h Bibliography, from Library of Congress Country Studies Nigeria |
annual bibliographies |
specialist bibliographies |
Colonial Nigeria, Selected Bibliography, from Postcolonial Web Annotated Bibliography on Colonial and Postcolonial Nigeria J. Kenny, The Spread of Islam, Nigeria Bibliography Bibliography on Migration Profile of Nigeria |
serial publications |
general bibliographies Nigeria entries |
J. Gay, Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l'Afrique et a l'Arabie : catalogue methodique de tous les ouvrages français et des principaux en langues etrangeres traitant de la geographie, de l'histoire, du commerce, des lettres et des arts de l'Afrique et de l'Arabie 1875, in French, Gallica Roots Institute, Bibliography of Published Primary Sources in African History (English Language) Nigeria-Bibliographie, from Afrika-Handbuch, at Univ. of Vienna |
booksellers |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
Gallica International Boundary Studies |
on Nigeria |
Aluka, African Online Digital Library (AODL),
African Digital Library (ADL) |
Online Journals |
General Accounts | On West Africa |
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.29, pp.894-905 Article Western Africa : Nigeria. KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.29 Nigeria, in : Lilian Charlotte, Economic History of Asia and Africa, New Delhi (c. 1926) reprint 1998, pp.485-497 [G] |
On Nigeria |
Toyin Falola, The History of Nigeria, Greenwood 1999, 296 pp. |
Specific Topics |
S. Johnson, The History of the Yorubas, Cambridge : UP (1921) 2010, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 966.9 J66h A. Afigbo, Igbo History and Society, Trenton NJ : Africa World Press 2005, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 966.9 F196i |
Historical Dictionaries |
A. Oyewole, Historical Dictionary of Nigeria, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1987, 391 pp. [G] Articles : Bamilekeland pp.60-62, Benin pp.75-77, Biafra pp.78-80, Calabar pp.99-101, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G] |