ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Inventions in Modern History </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2003 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../index.html"> <img src = "../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xtimelines.html"> <img src = "timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on March 22nd 2003, last revised on September 10th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Inventions in Modern History </B></font><BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/inventions.html </i></font></B> <BR><BR> for an explanation of the abbreviations used below, click <A HREF = "abbreviations.html">here</A> </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "3"><i> The list is not intended to be complete. <BR> Readers have to be aware that many machines, such as the modern car, have not been invented in one moment of inspiration, but represent the combination of a large number of inventions. Other machines, such as the refrigerator or the vacuum cleaner, may have repeatedly been invented - while the name of the machine remains the same, the technology used to fulfil the task is fundamentally different. <BR> An obstacle in fairly dealing with the topic is the fact that many lists of inventions, many sources, have been influenced by the compiler's patriotic sentiment, leading to the nationals of the compiler's country being favouredover others, if it is by listing few foreigners or by picking their countrymen in case of disputed inventions. <BR> Inventions often take time for development, from the moment of conception to the point they were successfully tested, patented or marketed; this explains for some of the discrepancy between dates given in the literature. <BR><BR> </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "150"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <B>TIME</B> <BR><BR> 1452 <BR> 1486 <BR> 1490/1492 <BR> 1510 <BR> 1565 <BR> 1593 <BR> 1605 <BR> 1608 <BR> 1645 <BR> 1657 <BR> 1674 <BR> c. 1700 <BR> 1705/1712 <BR> 1720 <BR> 1767 <BR> 1769 <BR> 1770 <BR> 1782 <BR> 1785 <BR> 1788/1817; 1812 <BR> 1794 <BR> 1796 <BR> 1799 <BR> 1804 <BR> 1807 <BR> 1810 <BR> 1819 <BR> 1825 <BR> 1827 <BR> 1829 <BR> 1836 <BR> 1839 <BR> 1840 <BR> 1840 <BR> 1843 <BR> 1845 <BR> 1845 <BR> 1847 <BR> 1849 <BR> 1851 <BR> 1852/1861 <BR> 1853 <BR> 1855 <BR> 1855 <BR> 1855 <BR> 1858 <BR> 1860 <BR> 1862 <BR> 1866 <BR> 1867 <BR> 1868 <BR> 1869 <BR> 1871-1874 <BR> 1873 <BR> 1874 <BR> 1876 <BR> 1876 <BR> 1877 <BR> 1879 <BR> 1879 <BR> 1885 <BR> 1885 <BR> 1888 <BR> 1888 <BR> 1890 <BR> 1891 <BR> 1891 <BR> 1895 <BR> 1895 <BR> 1897 <BR> 1898 <BR> 1898 <BR> 1899 <BR> 1899 <BR> 1900 <BR> 1901 <BR> 1901 <BR> 1901-1908 <BR> 1903 <BR> 1903 <BR> 1904 <BR> 1911-1914 <BR> 1912 <BR> 1916 <BR> 1920 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1922 <BR> 1923 <BR> 1927 <BR> 1928 <BR> 1929 <BR> 1931 <BR> 1933 <BR> 1938 <BR> 1939 <BR> 1939-1944 <BR> 1942 <BR> 1942 <BR> 1943 <BR> 1946 <BR> 1949 <BR> 1949 <BR> 1950 <BR> 1951 <BR> 1953 <BR> 1954 <BR> 1956 <BR> 1961 <BR> 1963 <BR> 1966 <BR> 1980 <BR> 1991 <BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "300"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <B>INVENTION</B> <BR><BR> single letter type printing press <BR> copyright <BR> globe <BR> pocket watch <BR> pencil <BR> thermometer <BR> first newspaper <BR> telescope <BR> vacuum pump <BR> pendulum clock <BR> microscope <BR> porcelein (reinvented) <BR> steam engine <BR> piano <BR> jigsaw puzzle <BR> steam engine (improved) <BR> Spinning Jenny <BR> hot air balloon <BR> power loom <BR> steamboat <BR> Cotton Engine (Gin) <BR> vaccination <BR> battery <BR> steam engine tramway locomotive <BR> street lighted by gas lanterns <BR> canned food <BR> bicycles ("swift walkers") <BR> railroad for transport of passengers <BR> camera <BR> Braille script (for the blind) <BR> needle gun <BR> vulcanization of rubber <BR> morse code <BR> artificial fertilizer <BR> barometer <BR> rubber band <BR> chewing gum <BR> rotary printing press <BR> safety pin <BR> ice making machine <BR> safety elevator <BR> condensed milk <BR> safety match <BR> sewing machine <BR> internal combustion engine <BR> Bessemer Furnace <BR> can opener <BR> machine gun <BR> dynamite <BR> typewriter <BR> margarine <BR> barbed wire <BR> trolley / tram <BR> toothpaste <BR> telephone <BR> internal combustion engine (improved) <BR> celluloid <BR> refrigerated ship <BR> lightbulb <BR> cash register <BR> Coca Cola <BR> automobile (car) <BR> ballpoint pen <BR> roll film camera <BR> zipper <BR> Swiss Army Knife <BR> escalator <BR> motion picture machine <BR> wireless telegraph <BR> Jell-O <BR> Diesel Engine <BR> flashlight <BR> Aspirin <BR> paper clip <BR> dirigible / blimp <BR> disk brakes <BR> license plates <BR> assembly line <BR> airplane 1st successful flight <BR> shampoo <BR> safety razor <BR> electric refrigerator <BR> Diesel-powered ship <BR> incandescent gas lamp (neon lamp) <BR> band aid <BR> insulin <BR> radar <BR> sound film <BR> television <BR> electric razor <BR> penicillin <BR> first experimental tv broadcast <BR> monopoly (the board game) <BR> nylon stockings <BR> computer <BR> jet plane <BR> duct tape <BR> V 2 rocket <BR> helicopter <BR> disposable diapers <BR> Lego blocks <BR> safety belt <BR> transistor radio <BR> energy gen. from nuclear power station <BR> begin of tv colour broadcasting <BR> nuclear-powered submarine <BR> hovercraft <BR> contraceptive pill marketed <BR> VCR <BR> hand-held calculator <BR> video games <BR> www <BR> </font></TD> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "350"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <B> INVENTOR, COUNTRY </B> <BR><BR> Johannes Gensfleisch called Gutenberg (D) <BR> first granted in Republic of Venice (I) <BR> Martin Behaim (D) <BR> Peter Henlein (N&uuml;rnberg, D) <BR> in England <BR> Galileo Galilei (I) <BR> Johann Carolus (D) <BR> Galileo Galilei (I) <BR> Otto von Guericke (Magdeburg, D) <BR> Christiaan Huygens (NL) <BR> Anthonie van Leeuwenhoek (NL) <BR> W. von Tschirnhaus, J.F. B&ouml;ttger (SAX) <BR> Robert Newcomen (UK) <BR> Bartolomeo Cristofori (I) <BR> John Spilsbury (UK) <BR> James Watt (UK) <BR> James Hargreaves (UK) <BR> Brothers Montgolfiere (F) <BR> Robert Noyce (UK) <BR> Robert Fulton (USA); Henry Bell (UK) <BR> Eli Whitney (USA) <BR> <BR> Alessandro Volta (I) <BR> Richard Trevithick (UK) <BR> London (UK) <BR> Peter Durand (UK) <BR> mentioned in NY (USA) <BR> George Stephenson (UK) <BR> Emile Daguerre (F) <BR> Louis Braille (F) <BR> Johann Dreyse (Prussia, D) <BR> Samuel Goodyear (USA) <BR> Samuel Morse (USA) <BR> Justus von Liebig (D) <BR> Lucien Vidie (F) <BR> Stephen Perry (UK) <BR> Thomas Adams (USA) <BR> Richard Hoe <BR> Walter Hunt <BR> John Gorrie <BR> E.G. Otis (USA) <BR> Gail Borden (USA) <BR> J.E. Lundstr&ouml;m (S) <BR> Isaac Singer (USA) <BR> Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir (B) <BR> Henru Bessemer (UK) <BR> Ezra Warner (USA) <BR> Richard Gatling (USA) <BR> Alfred Nobel (D) <BR> Christopher Sholes (USA) <BR> Mege Mouries (F) <BR> Joseph Glidden <BR> Andrew S. Hallidie, Stephen D. Field (USA) <BR> Colgate Co. (USA) <BR> Alexander Graham Bell (USA) <BR> Nikolaus Otto (D) <BR> John Wesley Hyatt (USA) <BR> Ferdinand Carre (F) <BR> Thomas Alva Edison (USA) <BR> James Ritty (USA) <BR> John S. Pemberton (USA) <BR> Carl Benz (D) <BR> John Loud (USA) <BR> George Eastman (USA) <BR> Whitcomb Judson (USA) <BR> Carl Elsene (CH) <BR> Jesse W. Reno (USA) <BR> Louis Lumiere (F) <BR> Guglielmo Marconi (I/UK) <BR> Paul B. Wait (USA) <BR> Rudolf Diesel (F/D) <BR> Conrad Hubert <BR> Felix Hoffmann (D) <BR> Johann Vaaler (N) <BR> Ferdinand Zeppelin (D) <BR> Frederick William Lanchester (UK) <BR> state of NY (USA) <BR> Ransom E. Olds (USA) <BR> Orville, Wilbur Wright (USA) <BR> <BR> Gillette <BR> Kelvinator Co. (USA) <BR> in DK <BR> Irving Langmuir <BR> Earle Dickson <BR> F. Banting, C.Best (Can.) <BR> Robert Watson-Watt (UK) <BR> Lee DeForest (USA) <BR> V.K. Zworykin, P.T. Farnsworth (USA) <BR> Jacob Schick <BR> Alexander Fleming (UK) <BR> VARA (NL) <BR> Charles Darrow (USA) <BR> William H. Carothers (USA) <BR> George Stibitz (USA) <BR> Heinckel Co. (D) <BR> Johnson & Johnson Co. (USA) <BR> Wernher von Braun (D) <BR> Igor Sikorsky (USA) <BR> Marion Donovan (USA) <BR> Ole Kirk Christiansen (DK) <BR> Volvo (S) <BR> Shockley, Bordeen, Brattain <BR> (USA) <BR> (USA) <BR> (USA) <BR> Christopher Cockerill <BR> (UK) <BR> (UK) <BR> Jack Kirby e.a. <BR> <BR> Tim Berners-Lee <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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