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Timeline : Low Countries, Burgundian Period (1384-1496)
Click here for a brief narrative History of the Low Countries during the Burgundian Period |
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1379-1385 1384 1385 1386 1386 1387 1387 1388 1389 1389 1390 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1396-1398 1401-1412 1407 1408 1411 1413 1414 1415 1415 1415 1415-1422 1417 1418 1418 1419 1419 |
1384-1419 Great Gent Feud Death of Louis de Male, Count of Flanders and Artois; both territories inherited by Duke Philip the Bold Double Marriage Burgundy-Wittelsbach; John the Fearless, son of Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy, married Margaret, daughter of Albrecht Regent of Holland and Hainaut; William Count of Oostervant, son of Regent Albrecht, married Duke Philip's daughter Margaret. Regent Albrecht, hitherto neutral, began to lean toward the Kabeljouw party (in the Hoek and Kabeljouw troubles) Duke William of Gelderland waged war on Brabant over disputed castles Johanna Duchess of Brabant and Limburg gained support of Duke Philip the Bold Duke William I. of Gelderland, allied to King Richard II. of England, challenged King Charles of France Franco-Burgundian Expedition to Gelderland; G. dispute with Brabant solved in favour of the latter Count William of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut (insane) died; Regent Albrecht became Count Arnold van Horn, Bishop of Liege, died; he was succeeded by John VI. of Bavaria-Hainaut Johanna Duchess of Brabant and Limburg recognized Duke Philip the Bold and his wife Margaretha as her heir Hoek and Kabeljouw Conflict in Holland turned violent; Count Albrecht lead Kabeljouwen, his son William lead the Hoeken Death of Floris van Wevelinkhofen, Bishop of Utrecht; succeeded by Frederik van Blankenheim Holland : Reconciliation betweeb Count Albrecht and son William Coevorden Castle (Drente) surrendered to forces of Bishop of Utrecht; bishop's sovereignty over Drente established Johanna Duchess of Brabant and Limburg charged Duke Philip the Bold with the administration of Limburg Count Albrecht of Holland and his son, Count William of Oostervant, undertook expeditions against Friesland, which only temporarily were successful. Holland - The Arkel Wars; Baron Jan van Arkel, supported by the Hoek party, fought Count Albrecht. Flanders : establishment of the Council of Flanders (language Dutch), split from the Council of Flanders at Lille (language French) Liege Revolt; Rebels defeated by Burgundians in Battle of Othee Anthony, Duke of Brabant, took possession of Luxemburg, as a pawn, in the name of his wife Elisabeth von Görlitz Roman King Sigismund (of the Luxemburg dynasty) forbade the Luxemburgers to recognize Anthony and Elisabeth as their rulers; to no avail Holland evacuated Staveren, her last stronghold in Friesland Duke Anthony of Brabant fell, while fighting for the French side, in the Battle of Azincourt Holland : Jan van Arkel imprisoned Jacoba of Bavaria, only legitimate daughter of Count Albrecht of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut, married French Prince Jean de Touraine Friesland, Groningen, Ommelanden etc.: Feud between Schieringers and Vetkopers Death of Jean de Touraine and of William of Bavaria, Count of Holland etc.; Duchess Johanna of Brabant widow John of Bavaria, Bishop of Liege, leaves clergy in order to be enfiefed (by King Sigismund) as Count of Holland, Zeeland and Hainaut. In Holland, Count John lead the Kabeljouwen, Jacoba of Bavaria the Hoeken. Johan van Wallenrodt elected Princebishop of Liege Duke John the Fearless assassinated Johan van Wallenrodt, Princebishop of Liege, died; succeeded by Philip von Heinsberg |
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1419 1420 1420 1420-1421 1421 1421 1422 1422 1423-1448 1424 1424 1425 1425 1425 1426 1426 1427 1428 1428 1429 1429 1430 1430 1430 1430 1430-1431 1432 1433 1433 1434 1435 1436 1436 1437 1437 1438 1438-1441 1439 1439 1441 1441 1442-1445 1443 1444-1445 1445 1447 1451 1451 1451-1453 1454 1455 1456 1456 1456 1457 1462 1464 1465 1465 1465-1468 1466 1467 |
1419-1467 Philip the Good succeeded his father John the Fearless as Duke of Burgundy Duke Philip the Good mediated peace between rival parties in Holland; John of Bavaria, former bishop of Liege, recognized as Count of Holland and Zeeland; he married Elisabeth von Görlitz, widow of Duke Anthony of Brabant Estates of Brabant dismissed John IV., husband of Jacoba of Bavaria, as regent; replaced him by his brother, Philip of St. Pol War between Brabant and Holland Jacoba of Bavaria doubts in validity of her marriage with Duke John IV. of Brabant; he fled to England St. Elisabeth-Flood John of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Zeeland, concluded peace with the Bishop of Utrecht Jacoba of Bavaria married Humphrey Earl of Gloucester (brother of Duke of Bedford) Utrecht Stift Schism : see contested by Rudolf von Diepholz and Zweder van Culemborg Assassination of John of Bavariam Count of Holland and Zeeland, attempted Earl of Gloucester and Jacoba of Bavaria landed force at Calais and marched to Hainaut across Burgundian territory, to the displeasure of Duke Philip the Good Death of John of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Zeeland. (Exiled) Duke John IV. of Brabant appointed Duke Philip the Good as Regent of Holland, Zeeland. Earl of Gloucester left his wife Jacoba of Bavaria; she was taken prisoner by Burgundian forces, but managed to flee. Establishment of University of Leuven (Brabant) Holland : Hoeken, lead by Jacoba of Bavaria, defeated Kabeljouwen in Battle at Alphen Troops dispatched by Earl Humphrey of Gloucester to aid the Hoeken (his wife Jacoba of Bavaria) were defeated at Brouwershaven Peasant Revolt in Kennemerland (Holland); the peasants laid siege to Haarlem, Holland's capital Death of Duke John IV. of Brabant (in exile); Holland : Hoeken defeated in Battle near Wieringen Pope declared marriage between Jacoba of Bavaria and (deceased) John IV. legal; thus Jacoba's marriage with Earl of Gloucester void Jacoba of Bavaria and Philip the Good concluded peace; Philip universally recognized as Regent of Holland and Zeeland Duke Philip the Good acquired County of Namur Rudolf von Diepholz, claimant to the see of Bishop of Utrecht and in control of the entire Upper and Lower Stift, concluded peace with Gelderland Holland and Zeeland pawned to Frank, Floris and Philip van Borselen Creation of the (Burgundian) Order of the Golden Fleece Philip the Good concludes peace with Rudolf von Diepholz and recognized him as Bishop of Utrecht Death of Count of St.Pol, Duke of Brabant; Philip the Good inherits Philip of Heinsberg, Bishop of Liege, incited by the French, fought a war against Burgundy Jacoba of Bavaria secretly married Frank van Borselen; Philip the Good had van Borselen arrested. Jacoba of Bavaria renounced her claims as territorial lord over Holland, Zeeland, Hainaut. Philip the Good succeeded her as Count (no longer merely regent) The Pope recognized Rudolf von Diepholz as Bishop of Utrecht After the Death of Zweder van Culemborg, Walraven van Moers elected (Counter-) Bishop of Utrecht Treaty of Arras : Duke Philip the Good reconciled with Armagnacs (France); entered into war with England. Flemish cities suffered, as they depended on import of English wool Death of Jacoba of Bavaria Burgundian Siege of the English city of Calais Riots in Brugge and Gent, because of the Anglo-Burgundian War Hessian invasion of Limburg The city of Brugge submitted to Duke Philip the Good Trade War between the cities of Holland and the Wendian cities of the Hanseatic League (Lübeck etc.) Anglo-Burgundian War ended; England trade with Flanders resumed Elisabeth von Görlitz, recognized Philip the Good as her heir and appointed him Regent of Luxemburg John of Burgundy, illegitimate son of Duke Philip the Good, appointed Bishop of Cambrai Burgundian Concordat with the Pope; Philip's right of investiture confirmed Trade War between Dordrecht (Holland) and upriver cities (of Gelderland etc.) Burgundian Conquest of Luxemburg (fighting a Saxon force) War between Duke Arnold of Gelderland and Jülich and Berg Holland : Stadholder Lalaing and his Hoeken supporters expelled Project of a Kingdom of Friesland, Brabant or Burgundy discussed in Burgundian negotiations with Emperor Friedrich III.'s envoy Gaspar Schlick Death of Elisabeth von Görlitz; Philip the Good inherited Duchy of Luxemburg David of Burgundy, illegitimate son of Philip the Good, appointed Bishop of Therouanne Great Rebellion of Gent Philip the Good and many Knights at the Burgundian court, at Lille, promise to undertake a crusade, in order to liberate Constantinople (which had fallen to the Ottoman Turks in 1453) Death of Bishop of Utrecht Rudolf von Diepholz. Gijsbrecht van Brederode elected his successor; upon request by Philip the Good, the Pope appointed Philip's illegitimate son David of Burgundy bishop. The Stift resisted the Burgundian candidate. In Liege, Louis de Bourbon, a nephew of Philip the Good, elected Princebishop Treaty of IJsselstein; Gijsbrecht van Brederode resigned as Bishop and recognized David of Burgundy. A Burgundian plan to force Friesland into submission was aborted due to the events in the south Discord between Duke Philip the Good and his son and heir Charles the Bold Death of Nicholas Rodin, chancellor of Burgundy The Staten Generael (Estates General) of the Burgundian Low Countries met for the first time, at Brussels, to negotiate the planned crusade Reconciliation of Philip the Good and Charles the Bold Adolf of Gelderland arrested his father Arnold Duke of Gelderland and, with the approval of the Estates, assumed rule. He was a supporter of the Burgundians Civil strife in the Princebishopric Liege; Burgundian interference; sack of Dinant (1466), of Liege (1468) A party loyal to incarcerated Duke Arnold, lead by Willem van Egmond, took the city of Arnhem Death of Philip the Good; succession of Charles the Bold as Duke of Burgundy |
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1467 1471 1472 1473 1473 1474-1475 1477 1477 1477 1477 1477 1478-1479 1479-1480 1481 1481-1483 1482 1482 1483 1483 1483-1485 1486 1487 1488-1492 1488-1490 1496 |
1467-1496 Death of Philip the Good; succession of Charles the Bold as Duke of Burgundy Duke Charles the Bold had Duke Arnold of Gelderland liberated Duke Arnold of Gelderland recognized Duke Charles the Bold as his heir Duke Arnold of Gelderland died. The Estates recognized his son Adolf as successor; Duke Charles of Burgundy had the country occupied and assumed rule by force Establishment of the Parliament (Supreme Court for the Burgundian Low Countries) at Mechelen Cologne Stift Feud, Siege of Neuss Battle of Nancy, Death of Charles the Bold Mary of Burgundy inherited; signed the Grand Privilege (defined authority of central Burgundian institutions) King Louis XI. of France occupied Burgundian territory (Picardie, Artois, Burgundy) claiming them as fiefs having fallen back to the crown Marriage of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian of Habsburg Gelderland broke away from Burgundy Renewed war between France and Burgundy over the French fiefs of the Dukes of Burgundy. In the Battle of Guinegate 1479, future Emperor Maximilian was victorious. Burgundy holds on to Flanders and Hainaut. Resurgence of independent-minded Hoeken in Holland; they were expelled Burgundian Reconquest of Gelderland Stift Utrecht Feud between Hoeken and Kabeljouwen, the latter from adjacent Holland Death of Mary of Burgundy; succeeded by her 3-year-old son Philip le Bel; father Maximilian of Habsburg Regent Treaty of Arras with France ended Franco-Burgundian War Estates of Flanders established Regency Council in order to limit influence of Maximilian of Habsburg Death of French King Louis XI.; Maximilian renewed war against France Flemish Rebellion Maximilian elected Roman (German) King Burgundian Forces under Maximilian suffered defeat at the hands of the French at Bethune Second Flemish Rebellion against Maximilian; the latter taken prisoner Rotterdam, Holland : War of Jonker Frans Death of David of Burgundy, Bishop of Utrecht |
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WHKMLA Country History Webpages : . . . http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/lowcountries/xnederland.html . . . http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/lowcountries/xbelgium.html . . . http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/lowcountries/xluxemburg.html Bibliography J.C.H. Blom and E. Lamberts, History of the Low Countries, N.Y.: Berghahn 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 949.3 B653h Encyclopaedia Britannica, article the Netherlands, 15th edition, Vol.24 (Macropaedia) pp.864-897, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.24 Article Belgium from Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Vol.14 (Macropaedia) pp.857-871, KMLA Lib. Sign. R 032 B862h v.14 Memo from Belgium : Documents Illustrating the History of Belgium, ed. Th. Maes et al., Brussels : Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2 volumes, 1978, in total 324 documents in English translation, from the Stone Age to recent times [G] Joseph Calmette, The Golden Age of Burgundy, (1949), London : Phoenix Press 2001 [G] H.P.H. Jansen, Kalendarium. Geschiedenis van de Lage Landen in Jaartallen (History of the Low Countries by Years), Utrecht : Prisma (1971) 4th edition 1979, in Dutch [G] Links List of Bishops of Utrecht, from The Free Encyclopedia The Low Countries, from Regnal Chronologies, lists of counts, dukes, bishops |
