ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Absolutism </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2003-2005 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../meh.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline <BR> Agricultural Revolution </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "meh/tlagrrev.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xtimelines.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "tlmerc.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Timeline Mercantilism </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 3rd 2003, last revised on September 5th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Absolutism </B></font><BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/meh/tlabs.html </i></font></B> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 1660 <BR><BR> 1660 <BR> 1661 <BR> 1661-1668 <BR> 1665-1667 <BR> 1667-1668 <BR> 1671 <BR> 1672-1678 <BR> 1672 <BR> 1680 <BR> 1682 <BR><BR> 1685 <BR> 1688-1689 <BR> 1689-1697 <BR> 1697-1733 <BR> 1699-1721 <BR> 1701-1714 <BR> 1702 <BR> 1713 <BR><BR> 1715-1774 <BR> 1718-1772 <BR> 1718-1724 <BR> 1733-1735 <BR> 1740 <BR> 1740-1786 <BR> 1740-1780 <BR> 1741-1748 <BR> 1741-1762 <BR> 1742-1747 <BR><BR> 1745-1747 <BR> 1745-1750 <BR><BR> 1756 <BR> 1756-1763 <BR> 1759 <BR> 1762-1796 <BR> 1762 <BR> 1767 <BR> 1767 <BR> 1768 <BR> 1768 <BR> 1769-1774 <BR> 1772 <BR> 1772 <BR> 1772 <BR> 1772 <BR> 1773 <BR> 1773 <BR> 1773-1774 <BR> 1774-1793 <BR> 1775 <BR> 1779 <BR> 1780 <BR> 1780-1790 <BR> 1781 <BR> 1782 <BR> 1783 <BR> 1784 <BR> 1785 <BR> 1785 <BR> 1786 <BR> 1786 <BR> 1786 <BR> 1787 <BR> 1789 <BR> 1792 <BR> 1792 <BR> 1793 <BR> 1793 <BR> 1795 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xdenmark.html">DK</A> : After a series of military defeats at the hand of <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">Sweden</A> and in a desparate situation; <BR> the Danish Parliament asks the King, Frederick III., to rule absolute <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A> : Stuart Restoration; King Charles II. returns from exile (1660-1685) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Death of Mazarin; King Louis XIV. expresses intention to rule by himself (-1715) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Construction of the Palace at Versailles <BR> Second Anglo-Dutch War <BR> War of Devolution (<A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/spain/xspain.html">E</A>) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xdenmark.html">DK</A> : Edict of Toleration for Catholics; for Jews 1684, for Calvinists 1685 <BR> Dutch War of Louis XIV. (<A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xnederland.html">NL</A>,) <BR> Coup d'Etat in <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xnederland.html">Dutch Republic</A> by William III.; restores Stadholdership, rules absolute <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : King Charles XI. dissolves Council of the Realm, introduces absolutism <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Church of France declares herself autonomous, subject to Rome only in formal matters <BR> (Gallican Church) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Louis XIV. revokes Edict of Nantes; mass Exodus of French Protestants <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A> : Glorious Revolution <BR> War of the Grand Alliance (<A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xnederland.html">NL</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A>, HRE, <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xpiemont.html">Savoy</A>) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xsaxony.html">SAX</A> : Augustus the Strong, Duke Elector of Saxony, ruled as King of Poland <BR> Great Northern War (<A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xdenmark.html">DK</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/xsaxony.html">SAX</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A>, HRE, <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A>) <BR> War of Spanish Succession (<A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/spain/xspain.html">E</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xnederland.html">NL</A>, HRE, <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xpiemont.html">Savoy</A>) <BR> Death of William III., King of <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">England</A> and Stadholder of (the provinces of) the <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xnederland.html">Dutch Republic</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A> : Pragmatic Sanction intended to ensure succession of Emperor Charles VI.'s daughter <BR> Maria Theresia in Austrian Habsburg territories <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Rule of Louis XV. <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : Era of Liberty <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Construction of Tsarskoe Selo Palace outside St. Petersburg <BR> War of Polish Succession (<A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/spain/xspain.html">E</A>, Savoy, A, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A>) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xuk.html">UK</A> : Introduction of Parliamentarism / the Cabinet System <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A> : Rule of Frederick the Great <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A> : Rule of Maria Theresia <BR> War of Austrian Succession <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Rule of Elizabeth <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A> : Completion of Construction of Palace at Sch&ouml;nbrunn outside Vienna (First Phase <BR> 1696-1700); becomes Habsburg Court <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A> : Sanssouci Palace Constructed outside Potsdam near Berlin <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Madame de Pompadour Official Mistress in Versailles; remained influential until her death <BR> in 1764 <BR> Diplomatic Revolution - <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">France</A> signs Alliance with nemesis Austria <BR> Seven Years' War <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/spain/xportugal.html">P</A> : Jesuit Order banned <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Rule of Catherine the Great <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Jesuit Order banned, property confiscated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/spain/xspain.html">E</A> : Jesuit Order banned, property confiscated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xnaples.html">Two Sicilies</A> : Jesuit Order banned, property confiscated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xparma.html">Parma</A> : Jesuit Order banned, property confiscated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xmalta.html">Malta</A> : Jesuit Order banned, property confiscated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Madame Du Barry Official Mistress in Versailles <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A> : First Polish Partition, conducted by <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xdenmark.html">DK</A> : Struensee Affair <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : Coup d'Etat by King Gustavus III.; introduction of absolutism <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : Torture abolished <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Religious Toleration introduced <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xpapalstate.html">Papal State</A> : Pope declares Jesuit Order suppressed <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Pugachev Rebellion <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Rule of Louis XVI. <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : administrative reform <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Serfs living on Royal land liberated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Torture abolished <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A> : Rule of Joseph II. <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : Freedom of Religion for Foreigners introduced <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xtuscany.html">Tuscany</A> abolishes inquisition <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> annexes Crimea <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : acquires St. Barthelemy (Caribbean) from France <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Diamond Necklace Affair <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> : Charter of the Nobility <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xtuscany.html">Tuscany</A> abolishes Death Penalty <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xtuscany.html">Tuscany</A> : Synod of Pistoia; Tuscan Church declares herself autonomous (Gallicanism) <BR> HRE : Ems Punctation; Catholic Bishops of Germany claim autonomy for German Church <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Edict of Tolerance grants civil status to Protestants <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Convocation of Estates General ends Absolute Monarchy; Begin of French Revolution <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : Royal Family arrested at Varennes while trying to flee the country; King deposed <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xsweden.html">S</A> : King Gustavus III. assassinated by disgruntled nobleman <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/france/xfrance.html">F</A> : King Louis XVI. decapitated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A> : Second Polish Partition, conducted by <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A>, <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">PL</A> : Third Polish Partition, conducted by <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">A</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xprussia.html">PR</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xrussia.html">RUS</A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <A NAME = "bib">Bibliography</A> <BR><BR> Isser Woloch, <B>Eighteenth Century Europe. Tradition and Progress, 1715-1789</B>, NY : Norton 1982, 364 pp., KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>940.2 N882h v.4</B> <BR> Leonard Krieger, <B>Kings and Philosophers, 1689-1789</B>, NY : Norton 1970, 369 pp., KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>940.2 N882h v.3</B> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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