ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Timelines : Poland </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2003-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../meh.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../bycountry.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 8th 2003 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline : Poland </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 1525 <BR><BR> 1548-1572 <BR> 1561 <BR> 1561 <BR> 1569 <BR> 1582 <BR> 1597 <BR> 1600-1610 <BR> 1619/1634 <BR> 1621 <BR> 1629/1635 <BR> 1648-1654 <BR> 1652 <BR> 1655-1660 <BR> 1655-1667 <BR><BR> 1660 <BR> 1668-1672 <BR> 1683 <BR><BR> 1689 <BR> 1699 <BR> 1700-1721 <BR> 1733-1735 <BR> 1768 <BR> 1772 <BR> 1788 <BR> 1791 <BR> 1793 I 23 <BR> 1793 <BR> 1795 <BR> 1807 <BR> 1807 <BR> 1809 <BR> 1815 <BR><BR> 1816 <BR> 1830-1831 <BR> 1846 <BR> 1863 <BR> 1864 <BR> 1867 <BR> 1871-1890 <BR> 1905 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1914-1918 <BR> 1916 XI 5 <BR> 1918 I 8 <BR><BR> 1918 XI <BR><BR><BR> 1918 XII 31 <BR><BR> 1919-1920 <BR> 1919 VI <BR> 1920 XI 15 <BR> 1921 III 17 <BR> 1921 III 20 <BR> 1921 V 23 <BR> 1924 <BR> 1926 V 12 <BR> 1933 III 23 <BR> 1935 <BR> 1938 X 2<BR> 1939 VIII 23 <BR> 1939 IX 1 <BR> 1939 IX 17 <BR> 1939 IX 18 <BR> 1939 IX 27 <BR> 1939 IX 30 <BR> 1940 IV <BR> 1941 VI 22 <BR> 1943 IV-V <BR> 1944 VII 21 <BR> 1944 VIII-X <BR> 1945-1948 <BR><BR> 1946 <BR> 1948 <BR> 1956 <BR> 1979 <BR> 1981 <BR> 1985 <BR> 1989 XII 30 <BR> 1990 XII 22 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Grand Master Albrecht of Brandenburg transfers Teutonic Order into secular Duchy, accepts it as fief from King of Poland <BR> Rule of Sigismund II. <BR> Estates of Livonia request Polish protection <BR> Duke of Courland accepts his duchy as Polish fief <BR> The Diets of Poland and of Lithuania decide to merge (Union of Lublin) <BR> The city of Riga accepts Polish protection <BR> Sigismund Wasa crowned King of Poland (Sigismund III.); in 1592-1600 also King of Sweden <BR> Moscow occupied by Poles; plan to unite Poland-Lithuania and Russia in Dynastic Union <BR> Truce of Deulino, later transformed into Peace, with Russia; Russua cedes Smolensk, Chernigov <BR> Livonia, Riga lost to Sweden <BR> Truce of Altmark, with Sweden <BR> Cossack Revolt under Daniel Chmielnicki; loss of Zaporozhe Cossacks <BR> Introduction of Liberum Veto <BR> First Northern War; Swedish invasion, in Polish sources referred to as "the Deluge" <BR> Russo-Polish War, ends in Treaty of Andrussovo, Poland cedes Smolensk, Chernigov, Kiev <BR> to Russia <BR> Peace of Oliva ends First Northern War; Poland renounces sovereignty over Duchy in Prussia <BR> Cossack rebellion escalates into Polish-Ottoman war, results in loss of Podolia <BR> Polish army under King Jan Sobiesky decisive in Battle at Kahlenberg, breaking Ottoman <BR> siege of Vienna. <BR> Poland, Russia sign Treaty of Eternal Peace <BR> Treaty of Karlowitz; Ottoman Empire cedes Podolia back to Poland <BR> Great Northern War; Poland major battleground 1702-1708 <BR> War of Polish Succession <BR> Tractate of Tolerance, Treaty with Russia guaranteeing Poland's fundamental rights <BR> First Polish Partition <BR> Sejm of 1788 introduces standing army, nullifies 1768 Tractate of Tolerance <BR> Sejm passes Constitution <BR> Confederation of Targowice <BR> Second Polish Partition <BR> Third Polish Partition <BR> In Treaty of Tilsit, a Grand Duchy of Warsaw is carved out of Prussian territory <BR> New Constitution, modelled after the French, introduced <BR> In 1809 Austria cedes gain from Third Polish Partition to GD Warsaw <BR> Vienna Congress; larger part of Poland, as Congress Poland, allocated to Russia; <BR> Galicia remained Austrian, GD Posen (Poznan) Prussian; only Cracow had independent status <BR> University of Warsaw founded <BR> Rebellion in Congress Poland <BR> Republic of Cracow annexed by Austria <BR> Rebellion in Congress Poland <BR> Land Reform in Congress Poland; intended to harm Polish nobility <BR> Galicia, in which the Polish population element dominates, is granted political autonomy <BR> Kulturkampf in Bismarck's Germany affects the largely Catholic Polish minority <BR> Henryk Sienkiewicz awarded Nobel Prize for Literature <BR> Roman Dmowski publishes "The Germans, Russia and the Polish Question" <BR> World War I <BR> In occupied Congress Poland, a Kingdom of Poland was proclaimed. <BR> Woodrow Wilson's 14 points contain the demand for the reestablishment of a Polish state <BR> with access to the sea <BR> With Austria-Hungary and Germany having surrendered, Russia in the midst of a Civil War, <BR> an independent Polish state, comprising of Congress Poland, Western Galicia and Poznan, <BR> becomes reality. Republic proclaimed XI 18. <BR> Lithuanian capital Vilnius (Pol.: Wilna) and adjacent area ("Central Lithuania") occupied <BR> by Polish forces; annexed in 1922. <BR> Polish-Russian War; formally concluded in Treaty of Riga 1921 <BR> Poland annexes Western Ukraine (Eastern Galicia) <BR> Danzig (Gdansk) proclaimed a Free City <BR> Poland ratifies Constitution <BR> Plebiscite held in Upper Silesia - 68 % for Germany. Area partitioned, east to Poland <BR> Battle of Annaberg (Upper Silesia); German Freikorps defeat Polish insurgents <BR> Poland introduces Zlity currency <BR> Coup d'Etat by Jozef Pilsudski <BR> Act of Enabling grants President dictatorial powers <BR> Death of Jozef Pilsudski <BR> Czechoslovakia cedes Olsa territory to Poland <BR> German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact <BR> German Invasion of Poland <BR> Soviet Invasion of Poland <BR> Polish Forces Surrender <BR> City of Warsaw surrenders to Germans <BR> Polish Government in Exile founded in Paris; moved to London in May/June 1940 <BR> Polish P.O.W.s (officers) massacred by Soviets at Katyn <BR> German invasion of USSR; occupation of eastern areas of Poland <BR> Warsaw Ghetto Rising, brutally suppressed by Germans <BR> In Soviet-occupated Poland, Committee for National Liberation takes charge <BR> Warsaw Rising; brutally suppressed by German occupying force; Red Army looks on <BR> Provisional Government, comprising of Communists and of (non-communist) former <BR> exile politicians <BR> Nationalization of Major Industries <BR> Proclamation of Polish People's Republic <BR> In response to civic unrest, Polish Government adopts conciliatory policy <BR> Establishment of "Solidarnosz" <BR> Coup d'Etat by Gen. Jaruzelski; Solidarnosz outlawed <BR> Solidarnosz leader Lech Walesa awarded Nobel Peace Prize <BR> Polish People's Republic renamed Polish Republic <BR> Lech Walesa elected first non-communist President since 1948 <BR> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> WHKMLA History of Poland webpage : <BR> . . . <B>http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/eceurope/xpoland.html</B> <BR><BR> Note : Historians base their accounts on the selection of data they regard relevant. While adhering to the accurate interpretation of documents, the truthful reporting of facts, the power to select allows for a wide range in interpretations. In the case of a country like Poland, with her complex historical ethnic composition - Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, Belorussians, Germans, Jews, the fact that national statehood was interrupted by more than a century (1795/1815-1918; again 1939-1944) and a series of ideologically different governments, historical literature is expected to reflect this political history, in contents as well as in what the respective work fails to mention. <BR><BR> <A NAME = "bib">Bibliography</A> <BR><BR> M.B. Biskupski, <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0313305714/"><B>The History of Poland</B></A>, Westport : Greenwood 2000, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>943.8 B622t</B> <BR> George Sanford, Adriana Gozdecka-Sanford, <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0810828189/"><B>Historical Dictionary of Poland</B></A>, Scarecrow 1994, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>R 943.6 S224h</B> <BR> Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0781807573/"><B>Poland, an illustrated History</B></A>, NY : Hippocrene 2000, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>943.8 P746p</B> <BR> Article Poland, in Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica, Macrop&aelig;dia, Vol.25 pp.930-957; KMLA Lib. Sign. <B>R 032 B862n v.25</B> <BR> Krause/Mishler, Standard Catalog of World Coins, <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0873417739/"><B>17th C.</B></A> pp.1065-1072, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>737.4096 K91s</B>; <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0873415264/"><B>18th C.</B></A> pp.914-921, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>737.4097 K91s</B>; <A HREF = "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0873493052/"><B>19th C.</B></A> pp.945-950, KMLA Lib.Sign. <B>737.4098 K91s</B> <BR><BR> Eric P. Kelly, The Land and People of Poland, Philadelphia : J.B. Lippincott, (1943) revised ed. 1964 [G] <BR> Enno Meyer, Grundz&uuml;ge der Geschichte Polens (Main Features of Polish History), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgemeinschaft 1977 [G]<BR> Manfred Hellmann, Daten der Polnischen Geschichte (Dates in Polish History), M&uuml;nchen : dtv 1985 [G] <BR> Wladyslaw Czaplinski and Tadeusz Ladogorski (ed.), Historical Atlas of Poland, Wroclaw (1967) 1986 [G] <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? "/" + file : file; referer = (document.referrer) ? document.referrer : ""; document.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\" "); document.write("src=\"" + path_to_counterfile + "?chCounter_mode=js&status=" + cstatus + "&visible=" + visible); document.write("&seite=" + file + "&referer=" + referer + "&res_width=" + screen.width + "&res_height=" + screen.height + "\"></" + "script>"); //--> </script> <!-- End of CH Counter --> <BR> </div> </body></html>