ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Post-War Crisis </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2003-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../meh.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> World War I </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "tlww1.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xtimelines.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "tlibussr.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> The USSR during <BR> the Interbellum </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on April 12th 2003, last revised on September 6th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Post-War Crisis (1918-1923) </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/meh/tlpwcrisis.html </i></font></B> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 1917-1920 <BR> 1918 I-V <BR> 1918 XI-1919 III <BR> 1919-1920 <BR> 1919-1920 <BR> 1919 I-1920 III <BR><BR> 1920-1923 <BR><BR> 1917 I 14 <BR> 1918 I 28 <BR> 1918 II 16 <BR> 1918 II 24 <BR> 1918 III 3 <BR> 1918 IV 25 <BR> 1918 V 18 <BR> 1918 VII 9 <BR> 1918 X 28 <BR> 1918 X 29 <BR> 1918 XI 1 <BR> 1918 XI 2 <BR> 1918 XI 6 <BR><BR> 1918 XI 9 <BR> 1918 XI 9 <BR> 1918 XI 11 <BR> 1918 XI 11 <BR> 1918 XI 11 <BR><BR><BR> 1918 XI 12 <BR> 1918 XI 14 <BR> 1918 XI 18 <BR> 1918 XI 22 <BR> 1918 XII 1 <BR> 1918 XII 14 <BR> 1918 XII 31 <BR><BR> 1918 XII 31 <BR> 1918 <BR> 1919 I 15 <BR><BR> 1919 I 21 <BR> 1919 I 22 <BR> 1919 II <BR> 1919 III 21 <BR> 1919 VI 28 <BR> 1919 VI <BR> 1919 VII 17 <BR> 1919 VIII 4 <BR> 1919 IX 10 <BR> 1919 IX 12 <BR> 1919 X 21 <BR> 1919 XI 14 <BR> 1919 XI 27 <BR> 1919 <BR> 1919 <BR> 1920 III <BR><BR> 1920 IV 23 <BR> 1920 VI 4 <BR> 1920 VIII 10 <BR> 1920 VIII 14 <BR> 1920 VIII <BR><BR> 1920 XI 12 <BR> 1920 XI 15 <BR> 1920 <BR> 1920 <BR> 1921 III 18 <BR> 1921 V 7 <BR> 1921 VIII 23 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1922 III 24 <BR> 1922 VI 24 <BR> 1922 IX 9 <BR> 1922 X 28 <BR> 1922 XII 6 <BR> 1922 XII 30 <BR> 1923 I 11 <BR> 1923 I 15 <BR> 1923 VI <BR> 1923 VII 24 <BR> 1923 XI 8/9 <BR><BR> 1923 XI 16 <BR> 1924 I 2 <BR> 1924 <BR> 1925 I 1 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Russian Civil War <BR> Finnish Civil War <BR> German Revolution <BR> Russo-Polish War <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xitaly.html">Italy</A> : Red Biennium <BR> Carpatho-Ruthenia : contested by <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xczechoslovakia.html">Czechoslovakia</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xhungary.html">Hungary</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xromania.html">Romania</A>, ; population <BR> mixed, Ukrainian element dominant; Treaty of Trianon allocates area to Czechoslovakia <BR> Graeco-Turkish War <BR><BR> Kingdom of <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> proclaimed (under German protection) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xfinland.html">Finland</A> : Socialist Conciliar Republic founded in the South <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xfinland.html">Finland</A> : Socialist Conciliar Republic dissolved <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xestonia.html">Estonia</A> : Independence, Republic proclaimed, followed by German occupation Feb.-Nov. <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A> declares independence (under German protection) <BR> Treaty of Brest-Litovsk <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xfinland.html">Finland</A> proclaimed a Kingdom <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A> declared a Kingdom <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Wilhelmshaven mutiny marks the beginning of German Revolution <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Western Ukraine</A> : Ukrainian State proclaimed, XI 13 People's Republic proclaimed <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A> declared a Republic <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xczechoslovakia.html">Czechoslovakia</A> : Czechoslovak State established; ethnically German-dominated communities <BR> of the Sudetenland express their will to stay with <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xaustria.html">German-Austria</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Kaiser Wilhelm II., son & heir abdicate, go into exile (NL) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Philipp Scheidemann proclaims Republic <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> signs Armistice at Compiegne <BR> Emperor Karl I. (Charles I.) abdicates; <A HREF = "../../region/germany/ahindex.html">Austria-Hungary</A> dissolves <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xestonia.html">Estonia</A> : Independence, Republic restored <BR> Republik Deutsch-&Ouml;sterreich (<A HREF = "../../region/germany/xaustria.html">German-Austria</A>) proclaimed; National Assembly unanimously <BR> declares Austria to be integral part of the <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">German Republic</A> (unification blocked by Entente <BR> in Treaty of St. Germain) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : Polish State proclaimed <BR> Republic of <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlatvia.html">Latvia</A> proclaimed, declares independence <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : Republic proclaimed <BR> Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes proclaimed (SHS, in 1929 renamed Yugoslavia) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A> : (non-communist) People's Republic established <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xczechoslovakia.html">Czechoslovakia</A> : Republic proclaimed <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xbukovina.html">Bukovina</A> annexed by <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xromania.html">Romania</A>, although population of Northern Bukovina had opted <BR> for integration into <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A> : capital Vilnius (Wilna) occupied by <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A>; government moved to Kaunas <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xdenmark.html">Denmark</A> recognizes <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xiceland.html">Iceland</A> as a Sovereign State <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">D</A> : Free Corps take Berlin; Spartakus leaders Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg murdered; <BR> soon afterward, German Revolution crushed <BR> Republic of <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xireland.html">Ireland</A> proclaimed (not recognized by the UK) <BR> Western Ukraine merges with <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : Invasion of <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A> begins Polish-Russian War <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xhungary.html">Hungary</A> declared a Soviet Republic <BR> Treaty of Versailles, for <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Western Ukraine</A> occupied, annexed (as Eastern Galicia) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/scandinavia/xfinland.html">Finland</A> proclaimed a Republic <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xhungary.html">Hungary</A> : Soviet Republic terminated; country occupied by <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xromania.html">Romanians</A> <BR> Treaty of St.Germain-en-Laye (for <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xaustria.html">Austria</A>) <BR> Italian Nationalists under Gabriele D'Annunzio seized Fiume (Rijeka) <BR> Republic of <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xaustria.html">Austria</A> proclaimed <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xhungary.html">Hungary</A> : <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xromania.html">Romanian</A> occupation force withdraws <BR> Treaty of Neuilly (for <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xbulgaria.html">Bulgaria</A>) <BR> League of Nations established <BR> 8-hour Workday, Women's Suffrage introduced in many countries <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Coup d'Etat by Wolfgang Kapp; Trade Unions call for General Strike; coup fails <BR> after three days <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html">Turkey</A> : Provisional Government founded with seat at Ankara <BR> Treaty of Trianon (for <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xhungary.html">Hungary</A>) <BR> Treaty of Sevres (for <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html">Turkey</A>; never ratified by Turkish parliament) <BR> France, <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xczechoslovakia.html">Czechoslovakia</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xyugoslavia.html">SHS</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xromania.html">Romania</A> sign Treaty of Alliance (Little Entente) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : in Battle of Warszawa Poles defeat invading Red Army, marks end of hostilities <BR> in Polish-Russian War <BR> Treaty of Rapallo (<A HREF = "../../region/italy/xitaly.html">I</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xyugoslavia.html">SHS</A>) creates Free State of Fiume <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xdanzig.html">Danzig</A> proclaimed a Free City under the auspices of the League of Nations <BR> John Maynard Keynes (UK) publishes "The Economic Consequences of Peace" <BR> France, <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xbelgium.html">Belgium</A> form Defensive Alliance <BR> Treaty of Riga formally ends Polish-Russian War <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xukraine.html">Ukraine</A> : Soviet Republic (est. 1919 I 6) in control of the entire country <BR> Graeco-Turkish War : Battle of Sakarya, victory for <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html">Turkey</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xbelgium.html">Belgium</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/lowcountries/xluxemburg.html">Luxemburg</A> form Customs Union <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xgreece.html">Greece</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xitaly.html">Italy</A>, <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xyugoslavia.html">SHS</A> recognize independence of <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xalbania.html">Albania</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> annexes Central <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A>, with Vilnius (Wilna) <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau assassinated <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html">Turkey</A> : Turkish forces took the city of Smyrna (Izmir); exodus of the city's Greek population <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/italy/xitaly.html">Italy</A> : Fascists March on Rome; Mussolini asked to form new government <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/britain/xireland.html">Ireland</A> : Irish Free State proclaimed <BR> Establishment of <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xussr.html">USSR</A> <BR> Franco-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr District (<A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">D</A>); German Trade Unions call General Strike <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xlithuania.html">Lithuania</A> annexes Memel Territory <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/balkans/xbulgaria.html">Bulgaria</A> : Prime Minister Alexander Stambolisky assassinated <BR> Treaty of Lausanne; international Recognition of Republic of <A HREF = "../../region/asmin/xturkey.html">Turkey</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> : Hitler attempts to place himself at the head of archconservative malcontents; <BR> March on the Feldherrnhalle ends in his arrest (11. 11.)<BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xgermanyneu.html">Germany</A> implements currency reform, ends hyperinflation <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/russia/xussr.html">USSR</A> : Death of Lenin <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/eceurope/xpoland.html">Poland</A> : New currency (Zloty) introduced; hyperinflation ended <BR> <A HREF = "../../region/germany/xaustria.html">Austria</A> : Currency Reform, Schilling introduced; ends hyperinflation <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> History by Period : Interbellum : <A HREF = "../../period/betwwar/xinterbellum.html"> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/betwwar/xinterbellum.html</A> <BR><BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); 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