ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Rise and Decline of the Welfare State </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2003 --> </head> <body bgcolor="grey" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../meh.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Recent Developments </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "tlrecent.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "xtimelines.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on March 31st 2003, last revised on September 8th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Rise and Decline of the Welfare State </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/meh/tlwelfare.html </i></font></B> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 1844 <BR> 1846 <BR> 1860 <BR> 1872 <BR> 1875 <BR><BR> 1883 <BR> 1884 <BR> 1885 <BR><BR> 1889 <BR><BR> 1889 VII <BR><BR> 1915 <BR> 1918 <BR> 1919 <BR><BR> 1927 <BR><BR> 1936-1937 <BR> 1936-1937 <BR> 1938 <BR><BR> 1945 <BR> 1946 <BR> 1947 <BR> 1948 <BR><BR> 1960 <BR> 1964 <BR> 1968 <BR><BR><BR> 1979-1990 <BR><BR> 1989-1992 <BR><BR> 1994 <BR> 1994-1996 <BR> 1994-1997 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> UK : Factory Act established 12 hour workday as standard for adults, 6.5 for children <BR> Upper Austria, factory law outlaws the employment of children below 12 years of age <BR> The Netherlands decided to establish a network of state-owned railroads <BR> Switzerland passes law on the Nationalization of the Railroads. Prussia follows 1879 <BR> Establishment of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) 1875, based on the principle <BR> of state-owned postal services; initiator Heinrich von Stephan (D) <BR> Germany introduces Compulsory Health Insurance <BR> Germany introduces Colmpulsory Insurance against accidents at work <BR> Austria : Gewerbeordnung (Business Ordinnance) introduced 11-hour-workday as <BR> regular workday <BR> Germany introduces Compulsory Life Insurance (combined Pension Fund & Insurance <BR> in case of Invalidity) <BR> Paris : International Workers' Congress decides to demand 8 hour workday, adopts <BR> May 1st as day of labour <BR> N : 10-hour workday introduced <BR> D, B : 8-hour workday introduced, S, F 1919 <BR> Bern, CH : ILO (International Labour Organization) founded, as institute of League of <BR> Nations. Adopts standards of 8 hour workday and 48 hour workweek. <BR> Sweden : school law establishes state-run school system; existing private schools <BR> gradually taken over by state <BR> F : Popular Front Govt. introduces 40-hour workweek <BR> F : Popular Front Govt. introduces paid vacation; S follows 1938 <BR> D : Construction of Volkswagen Factory in Wolfsburg, the German Govt. a major <BR> stockholder, begins <BR> F : Car-maker Renault nationalized <BR> UK : New Labour (Attlee Govt.) nationalizes Bank of England <BR> UK : New Labour (Attlee Govt.) nationalized coal mining industry <BR> UK : New Labour (Attlee-Govt.) establishes National Health Service, providing medical <BR> service free of charge <BR> D : partial privatization of Volkswagen <BR> S : sales of alcoholic beverages monopolized by state <BR> In response to a massive student protest movement in the European democracies, <BR> the states invest heavily in the expansion of existing and foundation of new universities, <BR> provide scholarship funds to enable children from a simple background to study etc. <BR> UK : PM Margaret Thatcher (Cons.) reduces expenses in welfare programs; UK has <BR> balanced budget <BR> S introduces a number of reforms intended at cutting down on the costs of the welfare <BR> state, abolish abuses <BR> D : Postal Service (Bundespost) privatized <BR> F : Car-maker Renault privatized <BR> D : Privatization of partially state-owned airline Lufthansa <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> IMPORTANT EXPRESSIONS, PHRASES <BR><BR> 8-hour workday, 48-hour workweek, 40-hour workweek, nationalization, privatization, welfare state, pension fund, mandatory health insurance, national health service, ilo, child labour, </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "500"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> IMPORTANT PERSONS <BR><BR> Otto von Bismarck, Leon Blum, Clement Attlee, Margaret Thatcher, Albin Hansson, Tage Erlander </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of Count-o-Rama Code --> <a href="http://62.132.145.75/index.html" target="_blank"> <img src="http://62.132.145.75/cgi-bin/hidden.pl?12950" border="0"></a> <!-- End of Count-o-Rama Code --> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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