ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Central America </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Distionary </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdcamerica.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../whchapters.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biocamerica.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Biographies </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 28th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Central America </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/wh/tlcamerica.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> c.1200 B.C.<BR> - 600 A.D. <BR> c.700 B.C. <BR> c.200-900 <BR> c.900-1500 <BR> 1248 <BR> 1513 <BR> 1519 <BR> 1519-1521 <BR><BR> 1523-1524 <BR> 1538 <BR> 1565-1571 <BR> 1570 <BR> 1573 <BR> 1605 <BR> 1697 <BR> 1698-1699 <BR> 1717 <BR> 1769 <BR> 1819 <BR> 1821 <BR> 1821 <BR> 1822-1823 <BR> 1835-1836 <BR> 1838 <BR><BR> 1838 <BR> 1839 <BR> 1846-1848 <BR><BR> 1848-1855 <BR> 1848-1860 <BR> 1862-1867 <BR> 1874 <BR> 1881-1889 <BR> 1885 <BR> 1886 <BR> 1899 <BR> 1903 <BR> 1910-1920 <BR> 1914 <BR> 1920 <BR> 1934 <BR> 1934-1947 <BR> 1938 <BR> 1948 <BR> 1951-1954 <BR><BR> 1956 <BR> 1967 <BR> 1968 <BR> 1969 <BR> 1979 <BR> 1980 <BR> 1983-1988 <BR> 1987 <BR> 1989 <BR> 1990 <BR> 1992 <BR> 1999 <BR> 1999 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Mexico : Olmec Civilization <BR><BR> development of writing in Mesoamerica <BR> Classic Period in Maya History <BR> Post-Classic Period in Maya History <BR> Aztecs arrived in central mexican valley <BR> Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed isthm of Panama, discovered the Pacific Ocean <BR> city of Panama founded <BR> Hernan Cortez, with a force of c.600 Spaniards and 5000 Tlaxcalan auxiliaries, conquered <BR> the Aztec Empire <BR> Pedro de Alvarado conquered Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador <BR> Viceroyalty of New Spain established, including Mexico and Central America <BR> Spanish conquest of the Philipines; administratively placed under the V. of New Spain (until 1821) <BR> Panama allocated to Viceroyalty of Peru <BR> English pirate Sir Francis Drake captured annual silver caravan in Panama <BR> Santa Fe (New Mexico) founded <BR> Spaniards conquered last Maya stronghold, Peten Itza <BR> Scottish attempt to establish colony at Darien (Panama) failed <BR> Panama part of new Viceroyalty of New Granada <BR> First Spanish mission in California - San Diego - founded <BR> Panama part of newly independent Republic of Grand Colombia <BR> United Provinces of Central America declared independence <BR> Mexico declared independence from Spain <BR> Mexico Empire under Agustin de Iturbide; his attempt to conquer Central America failed <BR> Texas seceded from Mexico <BR> Guatemala : military revolt lead by Rafael Carrera resulted in the disintegration of the United <BR> Provinces of Central America <BR> Costa Rica declared independence from United Provinces of Central America <BR> Yucatan declared independence from Mexico; reintegrated 1843 <BR> Mexico : War with US, cession of most of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, <BR> Colorado as well as what is now western Texas <BR> construction of Trans-Panama Railroad <BR> British Protectorate over Mosquito Coast <BR> Mexican Civil War with French intervention (Emp. Maximilian vs Benito Juarez) <BR> United Fruit Company introduced banana cultivation in Costa Rica <BR> French attempt to dig the Panama Canal (F. de Lesseps) failed <BR> El Salvador repelled Guatemaltecan invasion <BR> Costa Rica introduced free schooling <BR> banana cultivation introduced in Honduras <BR> Panama declared independence from Colombia <BR> Mexico : Civil War <BR> opening of Panama Canal <BR> Mexico : PRI monopolized power (for more than 7 decades) <BR> Nicaragua : assassination of nationalist Augusto Cesar Sandino <BR> Nicaragua : Presidency of Anastazio Somoza <BR> Mexico nationalized petrol industry <BR> Civil War in Costa Rica; afterward, country abolished her army <BR> Guatemala : Presidency of Jacob Arbenz Guzman; admirer of Mussolini and Peron introduced <BR> land reform. Ousted in the course of a US-supported invasion of exiles. <BR> Nicaragua : assassination of Anastazio Somoza <BR> Guatemaltecan Miguel Angel Asturias awarded Nobel Prize for Literature <BR> Mexico City hosted Olympic Summer Gemes <BR> Soccer War between Honduras and El Salvador <BR> Nicaragua : Sandinistas overthrew Somoza regime <BR> El Salvador : Archbishop Oscar Romero assassinated in his Cathedral <BR> Washington : Iran-Contra Affair <BR> Costa Rican President Oscar Arias Sanchez awarded Nobel Peace Prize <BR> US invasion of Panama; President Manuel Antonio Noriega arrested, taken to US for trial <BR> Nicaragua : Sandinistas defeated in free elections <BR> Guatemaltecan peasant woman Rigoberta Menchu awarded Nobel Peace Prize <BR> US handed over Panama Canal Zone to Panama <BR> US President Bill Clinton apologized for US role in the repression of the Guatemalan population <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "200"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> US invasions <BR><BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "510"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Panama (as province of Colombia) 1856, 1860, 1865, 1873, 1885, 1901, 1902, (indep., outside Canal Zone) 1904, 1912, 1918, 1925, 1989. <BR> Nicaragua : 1894, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1910, 1912-1925, 1926-1933 <BR> Honduras : Walker affair 1860; 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924, 1925 <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> REFERENCE : <BR> Timeline of Maya History, from <A HREF = "http://www.digitalmeesh.com/maya/history.htm">Michelle Ayache</A> <BR> Timeline of Art History, <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_amca.htm">Central America</A>; <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_amma.htm">Americas, Maya Area</A>, <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_ammx.htm">Americas, Mexico</A>, from Metropolitan Museum of Art <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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