ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Near East </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../whchapters.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioneareast.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Biographies </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on July 15th 2004, last revised on July 17th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Near East </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/wh/tlneareast.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <BR><BR><BR><BR> 225-228 <BR><BR> 5th Century <BR> 602-616 <BR> 628-629 <BR> 632 <BR> 634-638 <BR> 637-651 <BR> 642-750 <BR> 688-965 <BR> 750-1258 <BR> 945-1055 <BR> 1071 <BR><BR> 1099 <BR> 1187 <BR> 1192 <BR> 1256-1336 <BR> 1258 <BR> 1260 <BR> 1281 <BR> 1291 <BR> 1330 <BR> 1375 <BR> 1402 <BR> 1453 <BR> 1489 <BR> 1502 <BR> 1508 <BR> 1516-1517 <BR> 1571 <BR> 1659 <BR> 1741 <BR> late 18th c. <BR> 1795 <BR> 1813-1819 <BR> 1826 <BR> 1831-1841 <BR> 1839 <BR> 1839-1876 <BR> 1853 <BR><BR> 1853-1856 <BR> 1861 <BR> 1878 <BR> 1878 <BR> 1882 <BR> 1891 <BR> 1897 <BR> 1900-1908 <BR> 1902 <BR> 1905-1906 <BR> 1907 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1909 <BR> 1909 <BR> 1915 <BR> 1915 <BR> 1916 <BR> 1916 <BR> 1917 <BR> 1917 <BR> 1918 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1921 <BR> 1922 <BR> 1922 <BR> 1922 <BR><BR> 1923 <BR> 1924 <BR> 1925 <BR> 1926 <BR> 1927 <BR> 1928 <BR> 1932 <BR> 1932 <BR> 1935 <BR> 1935-1938 <BR> 1938 <BR> 1938 <BR> 1941 <BR> 1941 <BR> 1943 <BR> 1946 <BR> 1947 <BR><BR><BR> 1948-1949 <BR><BR> 1949 <BR> 1956 <BR><BR> 1958-1961 <BR> 1958 <BR> 1960 <BR> 1960 <BR> 1961 <BR> 1962-1967 <BR><BR> 1963 <BR> 1964 <BR> 1967 <BR> 1967 <BR><BR> 1970 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1971 <BR> 1972 <BR> 1973 <BR> 1973 <BR> 1974 <BR> 1975-1990 <BR> 1978 <BR><BR> 1979 <BR> 1979 <BR> 1980 <BR> 1980-1988 <BR> 1982 <BR> 1982 <BR> 1987-1991 <BR> 1988 <BR> 1988 <BR> 1990 <BR> 1990 <BR> 1991 <BR> 1991 <BR><BR> 1991-2003 <BR><BR> 1994 <BR> 1995 <BR> 2000 <BR> 2003 <BR><BR><BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> for the region's earlier history, see <A HREF = "tlearlyemp.html">Early Empires</A>, <A HREF = "tlhellenism.html">Hellenism</A> <BR> see also <A HREF = "tleeurope.html">Eastern Europe</A> (for history of Byzantine Empire), <A HREF = "tlechr.html">Early Christianity</A>, <A HREF = "tljudaism.html">Judaism</A>, <A HREF = "tlorthodoxy.html">Orthodox Christianity</A>, Zoroastrianism, Islam <BR><BR> Parthian Empire : Arsacid Dynasty overthrown; new <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#sassaniddyn">Sassanid Dynasty</A> reintroduced <BR> Zoroastrianism as official religion <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">Yemen</A> : Kingdom of Himyar, temporarily expanded into <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A> <BR> Persians conquered Syria, Egypt from Byzantine Empire <BR> Byzantinians defeated Persians; regained Syria, Egypt <BR> Death of Muhammad <BR> Arab conquest of Syria (hitherto Byzantinian) <BR> Arab conquest of Persian Empire <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#umayyaddyn">Umayyad Caliphate</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> under joined Byzantine-Arab administration <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#abbasiddyn">Abbasid Caliphate</A> <BR> Persia : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#buyiddyn">Buyid Dynasty</A> <BR> Battle of Mantzikert; Seljuks defeated Byzantinians; begin of Turkish settlement in <BR> Anatolia <BR> First Crusade established Crusader <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kgdjerusalem">Kgd. of Jerusalem</A> <BR> Battle of Hattin; crusaders ceded <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jerusalem">Jerusalem</A> to Saladin <BR> Crusader Kingdom of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> created <BR> Iran, Iraq : Il-Khanate <BR> Mongols under Hulagu Khan razed <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#baghdad">Baghdad</A> to the ground <BR> Battle of Ain Jalut; Mamluks defeated Mongol force <BR> foundation of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomasnempire">Ottoman state</A> <BR> last crusader fortress in Palestine, Acre, fell <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman state</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#janissaries">Janissary corps</A> established <BR> Kingdom of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lesserarmenia">Lesser Armenia</A> conquered by Ramazan Turks <BR> Timur Lenk crushed Ottoman army <BR> Ottoman conquest of Constantinople <BR> Venice purchased <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</A> <BR> Persia : establishment of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#safaviddyn">Safavid Dynasty</A> <BR> Portuguese conquered Muscat (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#oman">Oman</A>) <BR> Ottoman conquest of Syria, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A>, Egypt <BR> Ottoman conquest of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> <BR> Ottomans ousted the Portuguese from Muscat <BR> Omanis ousted Ottomans from Muscat, established Sultanate of Muscat and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#oman">Oman</A> <BR> spread of Wahhabi movement, centered in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#najd">Najd</A> <BR> Persia : establishment of Qajar Dynasty <BR> Egyptian Campaign in Arabia, submission of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#najd">Najd</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#janissaries">Janissary Corps</A> abolished <BR> Syria, Palestine under Egyptian administration (Mehmet Ali) <BR> British E.I.C. occupied <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#aden">Aden</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> : period of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#tanzimatreforms">Tanzimat Reforms</A> <BR> Shaikhs of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#trucialcoast">Trucial Coast</A> signed treaty with E.I.C. agreeing to discontinue <BR> piracy <BR> Crimean War <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#bahrain">Bahrain</A> became British protectorate <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> became British <BR> Russo-Ottoman War; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> ceded Kars to Russia <BR> begin of immigration of European Jews (mostly Russians) into Ottoman Palestine <BR> Muscat and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#oman">Oman</A> became a British protectorate <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kuwait">Kuwait</A> became a British protectorate <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> : construction of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejazrailroad">Hejaz Railroad</A> (Damascus-Medina) <BR> Ibn Saud conquered Riyadh (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#najd">Najd</A>) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#persianrevolution">Persian Revolution</A> : constitution granted, parliament (Majlis) established <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#anglorussianentente">Anglo-Russian Entente</A>; Persia partitioned in spheres of influence <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#youngturks">Young Turk Revolution</A> <BR> Persia : oil found in south west <BR> city of Tel Aviv founded by Jewish immigrants, in Ottoman Palestine <BR> first Kibbuz, Degania, established near Lake Tiberias, in Ottoman Palestine <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#ottomanempire">Ottoman Empire</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#armeniangenocide">Armenian Genocide</A> <BR> Begin of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#husaynmacmahon">Husayn-MacMahon Correspondence</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A> : begin of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#arabrevolt">Arab Revolt</A> against Ottoman rule <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#sykespicot">Sykes-Picot Agreement</A> <BR> London : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#balfourdeclaration">Balfour Declaration</A> promised Jewish homeland in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Palestine</A> <BR> Lawrence of Arabia, at the head of an Arab force, took Aqaba <BR> Northern <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">Yemen</A> independent from Ottoman rule <BR> Republic of Turkey proclaimed <BR> the British established <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hashemitedyn">Hashemite</A> Kingdom of Iraq <BR> League of Nations entrusted Britain with Mandate over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Palestine</A>, Iraq <BR> League of Nations entrusted France with Mandate over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#syria">Syria</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Transjordan</A> separated from British mandate over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Palestine</A>, turned into <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hashemitedyn">Hashemite</A> <BR> Emirate <BR> Treaty of Lausanne; Republic of Turkey internationally recognized <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A> conquered by Ibn Saud <BR> Persia : establishment of Pahlavi Dynasty <BR> France created Grand Liban (Greater <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A>) <BR> Oil discovered in Iraq, near Kirkuk <BR> Turkey introduced Latin script <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#hejaz">Hejaz</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#najd">Najd</A> merged to form <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#saudiarabia">Saudi Arabia</A> <BR> Kingdom of Iraq nominally independent <BR> Persia renamed Iran <BR> British <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Palestine</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#intifada">First Intifada</A> <BR> Oil found in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kuwait">Kuwait</A> and in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#saudiarabia">Saudi Arabia</A> <BR> Turkey annexed <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#alexandrette">Alexandrette</A> (Hatay) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#syria">Syria</A> proclaimed independence (int'lly recognized in 1944) <BR> WW II : British forces reoccupied Iraq, Free French forces occupied Syria <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A> granted independence <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Jordan</A> became independent Kingdom <BR> Britain announced intention to return Mandate over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Palestine</A> to United Nations; <BR> UN decided to partition territory into Jewish state of Israel and Arab state of <BR> Palestine <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#arabisraeliwars">First Arab-Israeli War</A>; mass exodus of Palestinians from Israel; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Jordan</A> occupied <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#westbank">West Bank</A>, Egypt <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#gazastrip">Gaza Strip</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#qatar">Qatar</A> began to export oil (discovered in 1940) <BR> Suez Canal Crisis; Israeli forces participated in Anglo-French invasion, which was <BR> aborted <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#syria">Syria</A>, Egypt formally federated in U.A.R., practically independent <BR> Iraq : coup d'etat ended monarchy <BR> Turkey : military coup d'etat <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> independent <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kuwait">Kuwait</A> independent <BR> Civil war in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">N. Yemen</A>, Royalists (supported by Saudi Arabia) versus Republicans <BR> supported by Egypt; Egyptians withdrew in 1967. <BR> Iraq : coup d'etat, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#baathparty">Baath Party</A> members assumed power <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#plo">PLO</A> founded <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">Southern Yemen</A> (hitherto <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#aden">Aden</A>, Hadhramaut) independent from British rule <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#sixdayswar">Six Days War</A>, Israel defeated Egypt, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Jordan</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#syria">Syria</A>, occupied Sinai, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#westbank">West Bank</A>, <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#gazastrip">Gaza Strip</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Jordan</A> : army clamped down on Palestinian militia activity in refugee camps (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#blackseptember">Black September</A>) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#oman">Oman</A> became independent from British rule. <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#uae">United Arab Emirates</A> (U.A.E.) constituted <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#qatar">Qatar</A> became independent from British rule <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#bahrain">Bahrain</A> became independent from British rule <BR> Turkey : military coup d'etat <BR> Ras al Khaimah joined <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#uae">UAE</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yomkippurwar">Yom Kippur War</A>, between Israel on one side, Egypt and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#syria">Syria</A> on the other <BR> begin of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#oilcrisis">Oil Crisis</A>; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#opec">OPEC</A> raised prices <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#cyprus">Cyprus</A> : coup d'etat by Greek nationalists; Turkish invasion, island partitioned <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanesecivilwar">Lebanese Civil War</A> <BR> Camp David Accords, Israel and Egypt agreed on peace, formally concluded <BR> the year after <BR> Iran : Islamic Revolution <BR> Iraq : Saddam Hussein assumed power <BR> Turkey : military coup d'etat <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#gulfwars">First Gulf War</A> (also called Iraq-Iran War) <BR> Israel established "Security Zone" in southern <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A> <BR> Massacres at Sabra, Shatila; Palestinian exodus from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A>, to Tunisia <BR> Israel, Palestine : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#palestine">Second Infifada</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#jordan">Jordan</A> recognized Israel's right to exist, renounced claim over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#westbank">West Bank</A> <BR> village of Halabja in Iraqi Kurdistan suffered poison gas attack from Iraqi forces <BR> Northern, Southern <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">Yemen</A> unified <BR> Iraqi invasion, occupation of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kuwait">Kuwait</A> <BR> Second Gulf War, liberation of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#kuwait">Kuwait</A> by allied forces; burning oil wells <BR> Iraq : insurrection of Kurds, Shi'ites; after Iraqi air force crushed Shi'ite rebellion, <BR> allies established No Fly Zones <BR> Iraqi Kurdistan autonomous, protected by U.S., British airforce; Iraqi administration <BR> committed genocide among Shi'ites, especially the Marsh Arabs <BR> Insurrection in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#yemen">Southern Yemen</A> suppressed <BR> Israel's PM Yitzhak Rabin assassinated <BR> Israel evacuated "Security Zone" in southern <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdneareast.html#lebanon">Lebanon</A> <BR> "Coalition of the Willing" lead by U.S. and British forces invaded Iraq, ousted <BR> regime of Saddam Hussein, failed to find perceived stocks of Weapons of Mass <BR> Destruction <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "200"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "510"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> REFERENCE : <BR> Timelines from BBC News : <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/817505.stm">Bahrain</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/806268.stm">Iran</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/737483.stm">Iraq</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/828993.stm">Jordan</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/791053.stm">Kuwait</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/819200.stm">Lebanon</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/2448259.stm">Oman</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/2506273.stm">Qatar</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/820515.stm">Saudi Arabia</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/827580.stm">Syria</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/828687.stm">UAE</A>, <A HREF = "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/1706450.stm">Yemen</A> <BR> A Brief Chronology of Muslim History, from <A HREF = "http://www.islamicweb.com/history/chronology.htm">Islamic Web</A>, organized by century <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; 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