ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Orthodox and Eastern Christianity </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Distionary </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../whchapters.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Biographies </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 25th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Orthodox and Eastern Churches </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/wh/tlorthodoxy.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 325 <BR> 330 <BR> 395 <BR><BR> 451 <BR> 518 <BR><BR> 532-537 <BR> 541 <BR> 730 <BR> 787 <BR> 813 <BR> 843 <BR> 863 <BR><BR> 865 <BR> 919 <BR><BR> 961 <BR> 988 <BR> 1018 <BR> 1054 <BR><BR> 1204 <BR><BR> 1206 <BR><BR> 1235 <BR> 1261 <BR><BR> 1346 <BR> 1393 <BR> 1453 <BR> 1454 <BR><BR> 1459 <BR> 1552 <BR> 1557 <BR> 1589 <BR> 1596 <BR> 1652-1658 <BR><BR> 1666 <BR> 1721 <BR> 1724 <BR> 1760 <BR> 1766 <BR> 1821 <BR><BR> 1865 <BR> 1870 <BR> 1908 <BR> 1913 <BR> 1917 <BR> 1920 <BR> 1925 <BR> 1953 <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> Council of Nicaea <BR> Foundation of Constantinople; became capital of Roman Empire <BR> Upon the death of Emperor Theodosius, Empire split among his sons; Constantinople <BR> capital of the Eastern Empire (= <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#byzantineempire">Byzantine Empire</A>) <BR> Council of Chalcedon; Archbishops of Constantinople elevated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchs</A> <BR> Schism in Syria; break-up of church into <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#maronitech">Maronite</A> (Greek Orthodox) and the <BR> Non-Chalcedonian Church <BR> Constantinople : Construction of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#hagiasophia">Hagia Sophia</A> <BR> Syria : emergence of the (Monophysite) <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#jacobitech">Jacobite Church</A> <BR> Byzantium : begin of first <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#iconoclasm">iconoclastic</A> period (until 787) <BR> Byzantium : end of first <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#iconoclasm">iconoclastic</A> period (since 730) <BR> Byzantium : begin of second <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#iconoclasm">iconoclastic</A> period (until 843) <BR> Byzantium : end of second <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#iconoclasm">iconoclastic</A> period (since 813) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#photius">Photius</A> sent <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#stcyril">St. Cyril</A> and <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#methodius">St. Methodius</A> on a mission to the Greater Moravian <BR> Empire; they created the Old Slavonic liturgy, written in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#glagolithic">Glagolithic</A> script <BR> conversion of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarians</A> to Orthodox Christianity <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</A> proclaimed <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#autokephalous">autokephalous</A> state; recognized by <BR> Constantinople in 927 <BR> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#athanasius">Athanasius the Athonite</A> founded monastery on <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#mtathos">Mt. Athos</A> <BR> conversion of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russians</A> to Orthodox Christianity <BR> Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria; Bulgarian <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">patriarchate</A> reduced to archdiocesis <BR> Papal legate excommunicated Patriarch <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#michaelceruleus">Michael Ceruleus</A>, who in turn excommunicated <BR> Pope Leo III. (who had died shortly before); begin of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#greatschism">Great Schism</A> <BR> Crusaders (4th crusade) established <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#latinempire">Latin Empire</A>. <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> John Camaterus fled city; <BR> crusaders established Catholic patriarch; attempted to introduce Catholicism by force. <BR> refugee Greek Orthodox <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> John Camaterus, at the invitation of Theodor <BR> Lascaris, installed in Nicaea; Patriarch crowned Lascaris Emperor. <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarian</A> archdiocesis at Trnovo elevated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> <BR> Emperor John IV. Lascaris retook Constantinople, reestablished <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#byzantineempire">Byzantine Empire</A>; <BR> the patriarchs were restored to Constantinople. <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#serbianch">Serbia</A> : Archbishopric in Pec established <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> <BR> Bulgaria conquered by Ottoman Turks; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> at Trnovo vacant <BR> Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#hagiasophia">Hagia Sophia</A> turned into a mosque <BR> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#gennadiusii">Gennadius II.</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of the Orthodox Christians within the Ottoman Empire, was <BR> made responsible for their internal administration (millet-system) <BR> with the Ottoman Conquest of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#serbianch">Serbia</A>, the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> of Pec became vacant <BR> branch of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#assyrianch">Assyrian Church</A>, under the name <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#chaldaeanch">Chaldaean Church</A>, united with Rome <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#serbianch">Serbia</A> : reestablishment of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> of Pec <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russia</A> : Metropolitan of Moscow assumed title of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> of Moscow <BR> Poland-Lithuania : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#unionofbrest">Union of Brest</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russia</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#nikon">Nikon</A> reformed rite, according to better translation of Greek <BR> liturgical texts <BR> Russia : the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#oldbelievers">Old Believers</A> broke away from the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russian Orthodox Church</A> <BR> Russia : Peter the Great established <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#holysynod">Holy Synod</A> <BR> Syria : part of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#melkitech">Melkite Church</A> reunited with Rome (Melkite Catholic Church) <BR> Bulgaria : Monk <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/bioorthodoxy.html#paissiofhilendar">Paissi of Hilendar</A> published Slavo-Bulgarian History <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#serbian">Serbia</A> : abolition of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> of Pec <BR> Following the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#phanariot">Phanariot</A> rising in Moldavia (which incited the Greek Rebellion of 1822), <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarch</A> Gregory V. was held responsible by Ottoman authorities and hanged <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#romanianch">Orthodox churches of Moldavia and Valachia</A> proclaimed <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#autokephalous">autokephalous</A> state <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarian Exarchate</A> established at Istanbul <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#assyrianch">Assyrian Church</A> reunited with <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#chaldaeanch">Chaldaean Catholic Church</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarian Exarchate</A> moved from Istanbul to Sofia <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#russianch">Russia</A> : reestablishment of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> of Moscow <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#serbianch">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</A> : Establishment of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> of Belgrade <BR> Creation of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#romanianch">Romanian</A> Orthodox <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#bulgarianch">Bulgarian Exarchate</A> in Sofia elevated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdorthodoxy.html#patriarch">Patriarchate</A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> REFERENCE : <BR><BR> Timeline Byzantium, from <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/time.html">Metropolitan Museum of Art</A> <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A 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