ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - South America </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2004-2006 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Historical Dictionary </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../whchapters.html"> <img src = "../timelines.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> Biographies </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on May 27th 2004 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline South America </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/timelines/wh/tlsamerica.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "110"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> 1th-7th c. <BR> 4th-7th c. <BR> 11th-15th c. <BR> 13th-16th c. <BR> 1494 <BR><BR> 1498 <BR><BR> 1500 <BR> 1513 <BR> 1519 <BR><BR> 1532 <BR> 1532-1533 <BR> 1535 <BR> 1536 <BR> 1538 <BR> 1545 <BR><BR> 1549 <BR> 1550 <BR><BR> 1551 <BR> 1555-1567 <BR> 1580 <BR> 1630-1654 <BR> 1650 <BR> 1665-1667 <BR> 1717 <BR> 1717 <BR> 1727 <BR> 1740 <BR> 1763 <BR> 1767 <BR> 1776 <BR> 1777 <BR> 1780-1783 <BR> 1803 <BR> 1807 <BR> 1810 <BR> 1811 <BR> 1816 <BR> 1818 <BR> 1821 <BR> 1821-1827 <BR> 1822 <BR> 1824 <BR> 1826 <BR> 1828 <BR> 1830 <BR> 1830 <BR> 1833 <BR> 1836-1839 <BR> 1836-1842 <BR> 1843 <BR> 1859 <BR> 1865-1866 <BR><BR> 1865-1870 <BR><BR> 1876 <BR><BR> 1879 <BR> 1879-1884 <BR> 1889 <BR> 1903 <BR> 1903 <BR> 1911 <BR> 1914 <BR> 1930 <BR> 1930-1945 <BR> 1932-1935 <BR> 1944 <BR> 1946-1955 <BR> 1948-1957 <BR> 1951-1954 <BR> 1960 <BR> 1967 <BR> 1972 <BR> 1972-1974 <BR> 1973 <BR><BR> 1973-1985 <BR> 1975 <BR> 1975-1983 <BR><BR> 1982 <BR> 1989 <BR> 1992 <BR><BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "600"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> coastal Peru : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#mochicaciv">Mochica Civilization</A> <BR> Peru : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#nazcaciv">Nazca Civilization</A> <BR> NW Peru : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chimuciv">Chimu Civilization</A> <BR> Peru : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#incaempire">Inca Empire</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#treatyoftordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</A>, which was to divide (yet undiscovered) South America in a western <BR> Spanish and an eastern Portuguese sector <BR> Italian discoverer <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</A>, sailing for Spain, discovered a stretch of coast in the <BR> far north of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>; the land was to be named after him - America <BR> Portuguese <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#cabral">Pedro Alvares Cabral</A>, en route to India, accidentally discovered <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> <BR> Vasco Nunez de Balboa crossed isthm of Panama, discovered Pacific Ocean <BR> Spanish settlement at Panama established. It was to be a vital passage for all trade and <BR> communication between Spain and Pacific Spanish South America. <BR> begin of Portuguese settlement of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> <BR> Francisco Pizarro, with about 200 Spaniards, conquered the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#incaempire">Inca Empire</A> <BR> Foundation of Lima, by the Spanish <BR> Asuncion (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#paraguay">Paraguay</A>) and Buenos Aires founded by the Spanish; Buenos Aires abandoned <BR> foundation of Bogota <BR> Silver found at <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#potosi">Potosi</A> in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#altoperu">Alto Peru</A> (present-day Bolivia); turned out to be the largest silver <BR> deposit ever found <BR> Portugal assumed administration of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> <BR> Spain established the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#viceroyaltyofperu">Viceroyalty of Peru</A>, which included all Spanish South America, <BR> including Panama <BR> University of San Marcos in Lima founded; first university in the Americas <BR> The French at Guanabara Bay <BR> Buenos Aires resettled by the Spanish <BR> Dutch rule in NE <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> (Recife) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#potosi">Potosi</A>, at the peak of silver extraction, had a population of 160,000. <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#suriname">Suriname</A> Dutch <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#newgranada">Viceroyalty of Santa Fe de Bogota</A> established (separated from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#viceroyaltyofperu">V. of Peru</A>) <BR> foundation of Montevideo (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruhuay">Uruguay</A>) <BR> Coffee introduced to <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> <BR> Bourbon reform : Lima staple right cancelled; ships permitted to sail around <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#capehorn">Cape Horn</A> <BR> Capital of Portuguese <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> moved from Salvador (Bahia) to Rio de Janeiro <BR> Jesuits expelled from Spanish Latin America <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#viceroyaltyoflaplata">Viceroyalty of la Plata</A> established (separated from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#viceroyaltyofperu">V. of Peru</A>) <BR> Treaty of San Ildefonso, between Spain and Portugal; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>'s borders moved westward <BR> Peru : Rebellion of <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#tupacamaruii">Tupac Amaru</A> <BR> Dutch ceded <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#guyana">Guyana</A> to British <BR> Portuguese King moved from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro <BR> begin of struggle for independence in La Plata region, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#venezuela">Venezuela</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#paraguay">Paraguay</A> declared independence <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#upoflaplata">United Provinces of La Plata</A> proclaimed independence <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> proclaimed independence <BR> Conflict between <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#upoflaplata">La Plata</A> over <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruguay">Uruguay</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> proclaimed independence from Spain <BR> son of Portuguese king crowned Emperor Pedro I. of Brazil; begin of B. independence <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#battleofayacucho">Battle of Ayacucho</A> (Peru); decisive Spanish defeat <BR> last Spanish outposts in Latin America, Callao (Peru) and Chiloe (Chile) surrendered <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruguay">Uruguay</A> became independent by Treaty of Montevideo <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#ecuador">Ecuador</A> declared independence, seceded from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#grandcolombia">Grand Colombia</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#venezuela">Venezuela</A> declared independence from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#grandcolombia">Grand Colombia</A> <BR> British occupation of the Malvinas (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#falklandislands">Falkland Islands</A>); settlers deported <BR> Confederation between <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#bolivia">Bolivia</A>; disbanded after defeat at the hands of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> : struggle of Rio Grande del Sul for independence; failed <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> established Penal Colony at Punta Arenas, claimed Magellan Straits <BR> Unification of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> (the individual provinces had temporarily claimed independence) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#guanowar">Guano War</A>, between Spain on one side, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> on the other; Spain did not achieve <BR> her goals <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#warofthetriplealliance">War of the Triple Alliance</A> (<A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruguay">Uruguay</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> versus <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#paraguay">Paraguay</A>); P. lost 25 % of <BR> her population. End of 'socialist experiment' in Paraguay <BR> seeds of wild rubber smuggled out of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>, were to lead to establishment of rubber <BR> plantation industry in Malaya <BR> Spain recognized <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#pacificwar">Pacific War</A>; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> defeated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#bolivia">Bolivia</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A>, annexed Bolivia's coastal province <BR> Coup d'etat in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>; Republic proclaimed, slavery abolished, church and state separated <BR> Panama declared independence from <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#colombia">Colombia</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A>, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> and <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#bolivia">Bolivia</A> partitioned Acre Free State (so proclaimed in 1899) <BR> Ruins of <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#machupicchu">Machu Picchu</A> (Peru) discovered <BR> Opening of the Panama Canal <BR> First soccer World Cup held in Montevideo, <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruguay">Uruguay</A>; U. defeated Argentina in final 4-2 <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> : administration <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#vargas">Getulio Vargas</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chacowar">Chaco War</A>; <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#paraguay">Paraguay</A> defeated <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#bolivia">Bolivia</A>, annexed contested lands <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> dispatched a force of 20,000 to fight in WW II <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> : first period of rule of <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#juanperon">Juan Peron</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#colombia">Colombia</A> : violencia, 200,000-300,000 victims <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> : second administration <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#vargas">Getulio Vargas</A>; ended with his suicide <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#brazil">Brazil</A> : capital moved to Brasilia; construction of Transamazonica begun <BR> <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#cheguevara">Ernesto Che Guevara</A>, trying to incite a revolution, shot in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#bolivia">Bolivia</A> <BR> Peruvian Theologian <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#gutierrez">Gustavo Gutierrez</A> created <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#liberationtheology">Liberation Theology</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> : second period of rule of <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#juanperon">Juan Peron</A> <BR> military coup d'etat in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A>, supported by CIA, ousted democratically elected leftist <BR> government; President <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#allende">Salvador Allende</A> assassinated <BR> military takeover in <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#uruguay">Uruguay</A> (1973); <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#dirtywar">Dirty War</A> <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#suriname">Suriname</A> independent (from Netherlands) <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> : <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#dirtywar">Dirty War</A> following military coup d'etat, waged against perceived leftist <BR> guerillas <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#falklandwar">Falkland War</A>, between <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#argentina">Argentina</A> and the United Kingdom; the latter prevailed <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#chile">Chile</A> : democratically elected government took power; military dictator <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#pinochet">A. Pinochet</A> retired <BR> <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#peru">Peru</A> : <A HREF = "../../biographies/wh/biosamerica.html#guzman">Abimael Guzman</A>, founder-leader of the <A HREF = "../../histdic/wh/hdsamerica.html#shiningpath">Shining Path</A> guerilla, which had <BR> terrorized Peru since being founded in the late 1960es, was captured <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "200"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> abolition of slavery <BR><BR> women's suffrage <BR> </font></TD> <BR><TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "510"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> England (Guyana) 1834, Uruguay 1830/1843, France (Fr. Guiane) 1848, Venezuela 1854, Netherlands (Suriname) 1863, Brazil 1889 <BR> introduced in Brazil in 1941, in Argentina in 1947 <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> REFERENCE : <BR> Timeline of Art History, <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_acsa.htm">Americas, Central and Southern Andes</A>; <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hi/hi_anan.htm">Americas, Northern Andes</A>, from Metropolitan Museum of Art <BR> </font></TD> </TR></TABLE><BR><BR><BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> </DIV><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? "/" + file : file; referer = (document.referrer) ? document.referrer : ""; document.write("<script type=\"text/javascript\" "); document.write("src=\"" + path_to_counterfile + "?chCounter_mode=js&status=" + cstatus + "&visible=" + visible); document.write("&seite=" + file + "&referer=" + referer + "&res_width=" + screen.width + "&res_height=" + screen.height + "\"></" + "script>"); //--> </script> <!-- End of CH Counter --> <BR> </body> </html>