ÿþ<html> <head> <title> WHKMLA : Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1300-1490 </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2008 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"></a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "150" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> 1000-1300 </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "hdfareast10001300.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../banners/ban13001490.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "hdfareast14901648.html"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "100" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> 1490-1648 </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on October 25th 2008, last revised on November 4th 2008 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Historical Dictionaries : Far East, 1300-1490 </B></font> <BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/13001490/hdfareast13001490.html </i></font> </B></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "beijing"><B>Beijing</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Capital of <A HREF = "#yuandyn">Yuan Dynasty</A> (1271) 1296-1368; 1403 re-designed as co-capital of <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A>. Forbidden City constructed 1406-1420, sacked by the <A HREF = "hdcasia13001490.html#oirats">Oirat Mongols</A> 1449; conquered by the Manchus in 1644. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "goryeo"><B>Goryeo</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Name of dynasty ruling Korea 918-1392, also applied to the state itself. Unified Korea in 936; capital Kaesong. Buddhist; Confucianism introduced in the early 14th century. In 1392 succeeded by <A HREF = "#joseon">Joseon Dynasty</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "joseon"><B>Joseon</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Name of dynasty ruling Korea 1392-1910, also applied to the state itself. Capital Seoul; Confucianist. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "kamakura"><B>Kamakura Period</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Period in history of Japan 1185-1333, in which Kamakura Shogunate dominated, residence of Shoguns Kamakura. Buddhist. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "mingdyn"><B>Ming Dynasty</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Terminated <A HREF = "#yuandyn">Yuan Dynasty</A> in China in 1368. Capital first Nanjing, then also <A HREF = "#beijing">Beijing</A>. <A HREF = "#mingref">Ming Reformation</A>. In 1644 overthrown by the Manchu, succeeded by the Qing Dynasty. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "mingref"><B>Ming Reformation</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Ming Reformation : confiscation of the lands of Buddhist monasteries; restrictions on foreignh trade; merchants and monks ranked at the bottom of the social scale. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "muromachi"><B>Muromachi Period</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> or Ashikaga Period, Period in history of Japan 1336-1573, in which Muromachi or Ashikaga Shogunate dominated, residence of Shoguns Kyoto.. Succeeded <A HREF = "#kamakura">Kamakura Period</A>. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "yuandyn"><B>Yuan Empire</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1296-1368, one of the fragments of the Mongol Empire. Capital <A HREF = "#beijing">Beijing</A>. Promoted religions, foremost Buddhism. Toppled by the <A HREF = "#mingdyn">Ming Dynasty</A> in 1368. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="200" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> <A NAME = "zhenghe"><B>Zheng He</B></A> </font></TD> <TD width="480" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Chinese explorer who commanded fleets on expeditions into SE Asia and Indian Ocean on 8 different expeditions 1405-1433. He was a Muslim from Yunnan province, a eunuch. The expeditions were of diplomatic rather than commercial nature; the expedition fleets consisted of up to 100 vessels. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> EXTERNAL FILES : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> PRINTED REFERENCE : <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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