1000-1300

1490-1648

First posted on October 23rd 2008, last revised on November 4th 2008

Timeline Asia 1300-1490 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/13001490/tlasia13001490.html

1294-1295

Death of Kublai Khan; Conversion of Il-Khan Ghazan to Islam marks disintegration of the Mongol Empire, end to Pax Mongolica

1296	Lannathai Kingdom (capital Chiang Mai, N Thailand) established

1320-1413

Sultanate of Delhi : Tughluq Dynasty

1333	Japan : end of Kamakura Period (Kamakura Shogunate)

1334	China struck by the Plague

1335	Disintegration of Il-Khanate

1336	Japan : begin of Muromachi Period (Ashikaga Shogunate)

1336	Southern India : Empire of Vijayanagar established

1343	Hoysala Empire (S India) conquered, annexed by Vijayanagar

1347	Bahmani Sultanate (SW India) declared independence from Sultanate of Delhi

1349	Kashmir came under Muslim rule

1351	Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Thailand) established

1353-1354

China struck by the Plague

1354	Kingdom of Lan Xang (Laos, capital Luang Prabang) established

1357	Kingdom of Kandy (Sri Lanka) established

1368	Ming Dynasty established; Mongols expelled from China, end of Yuan Dynasty

1370-1395

Nepal : establishment of the Newar Empire (Malla Dynasty)

1377	Majapahit conquered Palembang, remainder of Srivijaya

1378	Sukhothai submitted to Ayutthaya

1383-1385

Timur Lenk's conquest of Persia

1392	Korea : Joseon Dynasty established; Goryeo Dynasty toppled

1395	Timur Lenk defeated Golden Horde

1398	Timur Lenk invaded Sultanate of Delhi

1402	Timur Lenk crushed Ottoman army

1403	Beijing elevated to co-capital (with Nanjing) of Ming China

1405	Timur Lenk, while planning the invasion of China, died

1405-1433

Expeditions by Zheng He, Ming commander, to South East Asia and into Indian Ocean

1407-1427

Dai Viet vassall of Ming

1414-1451

Sultanate of Delhi : Sayyid Dynasty

1415-1436

Bengal : Ganesa Dynasty

1431	Ayutthaya army conquered Angkor; Khmer Empire terminated

1437-1486

Bengal : Ilyas Dynasty

c. 1440

Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, Crimea break away from Khanate of Golden Horde

਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㐀㌀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀䬀漀爀攀愀 ⠀䨀漀猀攀漀渀 䐀礀渀愀猀琀礀⤀ 㨀 挀爀攀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䠀愀渀最甀氀 ⠀䬀漀爀攀愀渀 䄀氀瀀栀愀戀攀琀⤀ 愀琀 琀栀攀 挀漀洀洀愀渀搀 漀昀 䬀椀渀最 匀攀樀漀渀最ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㐀㘀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀猀攀愀猀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀搀愀椀瘀椀攀琀∀㸀䐀愀椀 嘀椀攀琀㰀⼀䄀㸀 挀漀渀焀甀攀爀攀搀 嘀椀樀愀礀愀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀椀琀愀氀 漀昀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀猀攀愀猀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀挀栀愀洀瀀愀∀㸀䌀栀愀洀瀀愀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 愀渀渀攀砀攀搀 渀漀爀琀栀攀爀渀 䌀栀愀洀瀀愀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㐀㤀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀挀愀猀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀漀椀爀愀琀猀∀㸀伀椀爀愀琀 䴀漀渀最漀氀猀㰀⼀䄀㸀 爀愀椀搀攀搀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀昀愀爀攀愀猀琀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀洀椀渀最搀礀渀∀㸀䌀栀椀渀愀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 挀愀瀀琀甀爀攀搀 攀洀瀀攀爀漀爀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㔀　ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀樀愀昀昀渀愀欀最搀∀㸀䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䨀愀昀昀渀愀㰀⼀䄀㸀 昀漀爀挀攀搀 椀渀琀漀 猀甀戀洀椀猀猀椀漀渀 戀礀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀欀漀琀琀攀欀最搀∀㸀䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䬀漀琀琀攀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㔀㄀ⴀ㄀㔀㈀㘀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀猀搀攀氀栀椀∀㸀匀甀氀琀愀渀愀琀攀 漀昀 䐀攀氀栀椀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㨀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀氀漀搀栀椀搀礀渀∀㸀䰀漀搀栀椀 䐀礀渀愀猀琀礀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㘀㜀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀樀愀昀昀渀愀欀最搀∀㸀䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䨀愀昀昀渀愀㰀⼀䄀㸀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 昀爀漀洀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀欀漀琀琀欀最搀∀㸀䬀椀渀最搀漀洀 漀昀 䬀漀琀琀攀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㘀㠀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀挀愀猀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀愀欀欀漀礀甀渀氀甀∀㸀䄀欀 䬀漀礀甀渀氀甀㰀⼀䄀㸀 搀攀昀攀愀琀攀搀Ⰰ 挀漀渀焀甀攀爀攀搀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀挀愀猀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀欀愀爀愀欀漀礀甀渀氀甀∀㸀䬀愀爀愀 䬀漀礀甀渀氀甀㰀⼀䄀㸀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㠀㈀ ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀一攀瀀愀氀 㨀 搀椀猀椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀渀攀眀愀爀欀最搀∀㸀一攀眀愀爀 䔀洀瀀椀爀攀㰀⼀䄀㸀 ⠀䴀愀氀氀愀 䐀礀渀愀猀琀礀⤀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀㄀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㄀㐀㤀　ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㔀㜀　∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀㴀∀琀漀瀀∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀氀攀昀琀∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀   ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀搀椀渀搀椀愀㄀㌀　　㄀㐀㤀　⸀栀琀洀氀⌀猀戀愀栀洀愀渀椀∀㸀匀甀氀琀愀渀愀琀攀 漀昀 䈀愀栀洀愀渀椀㰀⼀䄀㸀 猀瀀氀椀琀 甀瀀 椀渀琀漀 匀甀氀琀愀渀愀琀攀猀 漀昀 䄀栀洀攀搀渀愀最愀爀Ⰰ 䈀椀樀愀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀愀爀ഀ਀ 㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀 㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀  㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀ഀ਀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 愀氀椀最渀 㴀 ∀氀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀 㴀 ∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀 㴀 ∀㜀　　∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 昀愀挀攀 㴀 ∀吀椀洀攀猀 刀漀洀愀渀∀ 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀ഀ਀㰀䈀㸀䔀堀吀䔀刀一䄀䰀 䘀䤀䰀䔀匀 㨀 吀䤀䴀䔀䰀䤀一䔀匀㰀⼀䈀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 圀漀爀氀搀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 戀礀 䬀⸀ 倀漀氀猀猀漀渀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀椀猀氀愀渀搀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀䬀倀伀䰀匀匀伀一⼀眀漀爀氀搀栀椀猀⼀眀漀爀㄀㌀　　⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㌀　　ⴀ㄀㐀　㄀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀椀猀氀愀渀搀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀䬀倀伀䰀匀匀伀一⼀眀漀爀氀搀栀椀猀⼀眀漀爀㄀㐀　㈀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀　㈀ⴀ㄀㐀㐀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀椀猀氀愀渀搀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀䬀倀伀䰀匀匀伀一⼀眀漀爀氀搀栀椀猀⼀眀漀爀㄀㐀㔀　⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀㔀　ⴀ㄀㐀㜀㐀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀椀猀氀愀渀搀渀攀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀縀䬀倀伀䰀匀匀伀一⼀眀漀爀氀搀栀椀猀⼀眀漀爀㄀㐀㜀㔀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀㜀㔀ⴀ㄀㐀㤀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 圀漀爀氀搀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 戀礀 䄀氀最椀猀 刀愀琀渀椀欀愀猀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀⸀眀猀⼀㄀㌀　　开㄀㌀㤀㤀⸀䠀吀䴀䰀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㌀　　ⴀ㄀㌀㤀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀⸀眀猀⼀㄀㐀　　开㄀㐀㐀㤀⸀䠀吀䴀䰀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀　　ⴀ㄀㐀㐀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀⸀眀猀⼀㄀㐀㔀　开㄀㐀㜀㔀⸀䠀吀䴀䰀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀㔀　ⴀ㄀㐀㜀㔀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀⸀眀猀⼀㄀㐀㜀㘀开㄀㐀㤀㤀⸀䠀吀䴀䰀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀㜀㘀ⴀ㄀㐀㤀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀圀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀 ⠀䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 攀搀椀琀椀漀渀⤀ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀㄀㌀　　∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㌀　　㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䠀攀椀氀戀爀甀渀渀 吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 䄀爀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀洀攀琀洀甀猀攀甀洀⸀漀爀最⼀琀漀愀栀⼀椀渀琀爀漀⼀愀琀爀⼀　㜀猀洀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀　　　ⴀ㄀㐀　　㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀洀攀琀洀甀猀攀甀洀⸀漀爀最⼀琀漀愀栀⼀椀渀琀爀漀⼀愀琀爀⼀　㠀猀洀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㄀㐀　　ⴀ㄀㘀　　㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 瀀漀猀琀攀搀 戀礀 䴀攀琀爀漀瀀漀氀椀琀愀渀 䴀甀猀攀甀洀 漀昀 䄀爀琀㬀 ഀ਀挀氀椀挀欀 䔀愀猀琀 䄀猀椀愀 㨀 䌀栀椀渀愀Ⰰ 䨀愀瀀愀渀Ⰰ 䬀漀爀攀愀㬀 匀漀甀琀栀 愀渀搀 匀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀 䄀猀椀愀 㨀 䠀椀洀愀氀愀礀愀渀 刀攀最椀漀渀㬀 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀猀椀愀 㨀 一漀爀琀栀㬀 匀漀甀琀栀 䄀猀椀愀 㨀 匀漀甀琀栀㬀 匀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀 䄀猀椀愀㬀 圀攀猀琀 䄀猀椀愀 㨀 䤀爀愀渀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䴀愀樀漀爀 䔀瘀攀渀琀猀 刀攀氀攀瘀愀渀琀 琀漀 䌀攀渀琀爀愀氀 䄀猀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 戀礀 䴀愀爀欀 䐀椀挀欀攀渀猀Ⰰ 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀漀砀甀猀挀漀洀⸀挀漀洀⼀挀愀栀椀猀琀㄀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㘀　　㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀匀攀爀愀樀愀栀 䤀渀搀漀渀攀猀椀愀Ⰰ 愀渀 伀渀氀椀渀攀 吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀渀 䤀渀搀漀渀攀猀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀最椀洀漀渀挀愀⸀挀漀洀⼀猀攀樀愀爀愀栀⼀猀攀樀愀爀愀栀　㄀⸀猀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最猀 琀漀 ㄀㔀　　㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀甀猀猀椀愀渀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 匀椀戀攀爀椀愀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀氀挀眀攀戀㈀⸀氀漀挀⸀最漀瘀⼀椀渀琀氀搀氀⼀洀琀昀栀琀洀氀⼀洀昀搀椀猀挀瘀爀礀⼀椀最搀搀椀猀挀猀椀戀琀氀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀欀愀洀愀琀⸀挀漀洀⼀欀愀氀爀愀渀最愀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䬀愀洀愀琀✀猀 倀漀琀瀀漀甀爀爀椀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀 漀昀 䈀甀搀搀栀椀猀琀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀戀甀搀搀栀愀渀攀琀⸀渀攀琀⼀攀ⴀ氀攀愀爀渀椀渀最⼀栀椀猀琀漀爀礀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀猀⸀栀琀洀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䈀甀搀搀栀椀猀琀 匀琀甀搀椀攀猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 嘀椀攀琀渀愀洀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀Ⰰ 戀礀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀琀攀爀爀愀最愀氀氀攀爀椀愀⸀挀漀洀⼀瘀椀攀琀渀愀洀⼀椀渀昀漀⼀琀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀儀甀愀渀最ⴀ吀甀愀渀 䰀甀漀渀最㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 䌀栀椀渀愀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀猀琀愀昀昀⸀眀愀猀栀椀渀最琀漀渀⸀攀搀甀⼀樀挀洀椀氀氀猀⼀匀䰀䤀匀⼀㔀　　琀椀洀攀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀㔀　　ⴀ㄀㌀㤀㤀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 䨀攀愀渀攀琀琀攀 䴀椀氀氀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䄀 吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀挀栀椀渀攀猀攀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䌀栀椀渀愀 愀渀搀 䬀漀爀攀愀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀椀渀搀椀愀渀猀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䄀渀挀椀攀渀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀 ⠀甀渀琀椀氀 ㄀㜀㤀㐀⤀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀樀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䨀愀瀀愀渀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀瀀攀爀猀椀愀渀猀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀琀栀攀 䴀漀渀最漀氀猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀瀀攀爀猀椀愀渀猀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀琀栀攀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀猀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀猀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀⸀挀漀洀⼀瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀猀⼀琀椀戀攀琀⸀栀琀洀氀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀吀椀戀攀琀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 戀礀 倀椀攀爀漀 匀挀愀爀甀昀昀椀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䄀昀最栀愀渀椀猀琀愀渀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䄀昀最栀愀渀椀猀琀愀渀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䌀愀洀戀漀搀椀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䌀愀洀戀漀搀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䌀栀椀渀攀猀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䤀渀搀椀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䤀渀搀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䤀渀搀漀渀攀猀椀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䤀渀搀漀渀攀猀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䤀爀愀渀椀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䤀爀愀渀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䨀愀瀀愀渀攀猀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䬀漀爀攀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䬀漀爀攀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀琀栀攀 㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开琀栀攀开䴀漀渀最漀氀开䔀洀瀀椀爀攀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䴀漀渀最漀氀 䔀洀瀀椀爀攀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开䴀漀渀最漀氀椀愀渀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀䴀漀渀最漀氀椀愀渀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开倀愀欀椀猀琀愀渀椀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀倀愀欀椀猀琀愀渀椀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀椀渀攀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀倀栀椀氀椀瀀瀀椀渀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ ഀ਀㰀䄀 䠀刀䔀䘀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀攀渀⸀眀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀⸀漀爀最⼀眀椀欀椀⼀吀椀洀攀氀椀渀攀开漀昀开吀愀椀眀愀渀攀猀攀开栀椀猀琀漀爀礀∀㸀㰀䈀㸀吀愀椀眀愀渀攀猀攀 䠀椀猀琀漀爀礀㰀⼀䈀㸀㰀⼀䄀㸀Ⰰ 昀爀漀洀 圀椀欀椀瀀攀搀椀愀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀ഀ਀㰀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 㴀 ∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀猀瀀愀挀攀㴀∀　∀ 挀攀氀氀瀀愀搀搀椀渀最㴀∀　∀ 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 㰀吀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀吀䐀 愀氀椀最渀 㴀 ∀氀攀昀琀∀ 瘀愀氀椀最渀 㴀 ∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀 㴀 ∀㜀　　∀㸀 㰀昀漀渀琀 昀愀挀攀 㴀 ∀吀椀洀攀猀 刀漀洀愀渀∀ 猀椀稀攀 㴀 ∀㈀∀㸀ഀ਀㰀䈀㸀䔀堀吀䔀刀一䄀䰀 䘀䤀䰀䔀匀 㨀 吀䤀䴀䔀䰀䤀一䔀匀㰀⼀䈀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 㜀㄀㈀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㤀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀砀瘀椀椀ⴀ氀椀椀椀  椀渀 㨀  匀栀愀栀椀搀 䨀愀瘀攀搀 䈀甀爀欀椀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 倀愀欀椀猀琀愀渀Ⰰ 䰀愀渀栀愀洀 䴀搀⸀ 㨀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀Ⰰ ㈀渀搀 攀搀⸀ ㄀㤀㤀㤀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 㐀　Ⰰ　　　 䈀⸀䌀⸀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㜀Ⰰ 瀀瀀⸀砀砀椀椀椀ⴀ砀砀砀瘀椀椀椀  椀渀 㨀  匀甀爀樀椀琀 䴀愀渀猀椀渀最栀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 䤀渀搀椀愀Ⰰ 䐀攀氀栀椀 㨀 嘀椀猀椀漀渀 䈀漀漀欀猀 ⠀㄀㤀㤀㠀⤀ ㈀　　㔀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 ㄀㔀　　 䈀⸀䌀⸀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㘀Ⰰ  瀀瀀⸀砀椀ⴀ砀瘀椀  椀渀 㨀  䌀爀愀椀最 䈀愀砀琀攀爀 愀渀搀 匀礀攀搀甀爀 刀愀栀洀愀渀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 䈀愀渀最氀愀搀攀猀栀Ⰰ 䰀愀渀栀愀洀 䴀搀⸀㨀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 ㈀渀搀 攀搀⸀ ㄀㤀㤀㘀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 㔀　　Ⰰ　　　 䈀⸀䌀⸀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㄀Ⰰ  瀀瀀⸀砀砀瘀ⴀ砀氀椀瘀  椀渀 㨀  䴀愀爀琀椀渀 匀琀甀愀爀琀ⴀ䘀漀砀 愀渀搀 䴀愀爀礀 䬀漀漀礀洀愀渀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 䰀愀漀猀Ⰰ 䴀攀琀甀挀栀攀渀 一⸀䨀⸀ 㨀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 ㄀㤀㤀㈀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 漀昀 䤀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 䔀瘀攀渀琀猀 㠀　　　 䈀⸀䌀⸀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㌀Ⰰ  椀渀 㨀  䨀漀栀渀 䘀⸀ 䌀漀瀀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 吀愀椀眀愀渀Ⰰ 䴀攀琀甀挀栀攀渀 一⸀䨀⸀ 㨀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 ㄀㤀㤀㌀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀䌀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀 ㄀㄀㘀㈀ⴀ㄀㤀㤀㐀  瀀瀀⸀砀椀砀ⴀ砀氀瘀椀椀椀  椀渀 㨀 䄀氀愀渀 䨀⸀䬀⸀ 匀愀渀搀攀爀猀Ⰰ 䠀椀猀琀漀爀椀挀愀氀 䐀椀挀琀椀漀渀愀爀礀 漀昀 䴀漀渀最漀氀椀愀Ⰰ  䰀愀渀栀愀洀 䴀搀⸀ 㨀 匀挀愀爀攀挀爀漀眀 ㄀㤀㤀㘀  嬀䜀崀  㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀㰀⼀昀漀渀琀㸀㰀⼀吀䐀㸀㰀⼀吀刀㸀㰀⼀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀 ഀ਀㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀 ഀ਀ഀ਀ഀ਀ഀ਀㰀⼀䐀䤀嘀㸀 㰀䐀䤀嘀 愀氀椀最渀㴀∀挀攀渀琀攀爀∀㸀 ഀ਀㰀䄀 栀爀攀昀㴀∀洀愀椀氀琀漀㨀愀最愀渀猀攀䀀栀漀琀洀愀椀氀⸀挀漀洀∀㸀 ഀ਀㰀䤀䴀䜀 猀爀挀㴀∀⸀⸀⼀⸀⸀⼀攀洀愀椀氀⸀最椀昀∀ 戀漀爀搀攀爀㴀∀　∀㸀㰀⼀愀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀  ഀ਀ഀ਀㰀℀ⴀⴀ 匀琀愀爀琀 漀昀 䌀䠀 䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀 ⴀⴀ㸀ഀ਀㰀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀樀愀瘀愀猀挀爀椀瀀琀∀㸀ഀ਀⼀⼀㰀℀ⴀⴀഀ਀⼀⼀ 挀栀䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀 瘀㈀⸀　⸀　ഀ਀⼀⼀ 猀攀琀琀椀渀最猀㨀ഀ਀挀猀琀愀琀甀猀 㴀 ∀愀挀琀椀瘀攀∀㬀ഀ਀瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀 㴀 ∀　∀㬀ഀ਀瀀愀琀栀开琀漀开挀漀甀渀琀攀爀昀椀氀攀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀稀甀洀⸀搀攀⼀眀栀欀洀氀愀⼀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⼀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀瀀栀瀀∀㬀ഀ਀甀爀氀栀瀀 㴀 ∀栀琀琀瀀㨀⼀⼀眀眀眀⸀稀甀洀⸀搀攀∀㬀ഀ਀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀⼀ഀ਀甀爀氀 㴀 甀渀攀猀挀愀瀀攀⠀氀漀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀栀爀攀昀⤀㬀ഀ਀昀椀氀攀 㴀 甀爀氀⸀猀甀戀猀琀爀椀渀最⠀甀爀氀⸀氀愀猀琀䤀渀搀攀砀伀昀⠀甀爀氀栀瀀⤀ ⬀ 甀爀氀栀瀀⸀氀攀渀最琀栀Ⰰ 甀爀氀⸀氀攀渀最琀栀⤀㬀ഀ਀昀椀氀攀 㴀 ⠀昀椀氀攀⸀挀栀愀爀䄀琀⠀　⤀ ℀㴀 ∀⼀∀⤀ 㼀 ∀⼀∀ ⬀ 昀椀氀攀 㨀 昀椀氀攀㬀ഀ਀爀攀昀攀爀攀爀 㴀 ⠀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀爀⤀ 㼀 搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀爀攀昀攀爀爀攀爀 㨀 ∀∀㬀ഀ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀眀爀椀琀攀⠀∀㰀猀挀爀椀瀀琀 琀礀瀀攀㴀尀∀琀攀砀琀⼀樀愀瘀愀猀挀爀椀瀀琀尀∀ ∀⤀㬀ഀ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀眀爀椀琀攀⠀∀猀爀挀㴀尀∀∀ ⬀ 瀀愀琀栀开琀漀开挀漀甀渀琀攀爀昀椀氀攀 ⬀ ∀㼀挀栀䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀开洀漀搀攀㴀樀猀☀猀琀愀琀甀猀㴀∀ ⬀ 挀猀琀愀琀甀猀 ⬀ ∀☀瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀㴀∀ ⬀ 瘀椀猀椀戀氀攀⤀㬀ഀ਀搀漀挀甀洀攀渀琀⸀眀爀椀琀攀⠀∀☀猀攀椀琀攀㴀∀ ⬀ 昀椀氀攀 ⬀ ∀☀爀攀昀攀爀攀爀㴀∀ ⬀ 爀攀昀攀爀攀爀 ⬀ ∀☀爀攀猀开眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀ ⬀ 猀挀爀攀攀渀⸀眀椀搀琀栀 ⬀ ∀☀爀攀猀开栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀ ⬀ 猀挀爀攀攀渀⸀栀攀椀最栀琀 ⬀ ∀尀∀㸀㰀⼀∀ ⬀ ∀猀挀爀椀瀀琀㸀∀⤀㬀ഀ਀⼀⼀ⴀⴀ㸀ഀ਀㰀⼀猀挀爀椀瀀琀㸀ഀ਀㰀℀ⴀⴀ 䔀渀搀 漀昀 䌀䠀 䌀漀甀渀琀攀爀 ⴀⴀ㸀 㰀䈀刀㸀ഀ਀ഀ਀㰀⼀搀椀瘀㸀ഀ਀㰀⼀戀漀搀礀㸀㰀⼀栀琀洀氀㸀਀