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Following the Roman exodus in 410 AD, Britain disintegrated into a number of statelets at war with each other.
In the 5th century, pagan Germanic Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded and settled, gradually expelling respectively enslaving
the Celtic and partially Christian British population from what was to become England. In the 6th and 7th centuries the Anglo-Saxons converted to Catholic Christianity. The Heptarchy (seven Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, loosely federated under a Bretwalda (high king) emerged : East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex, Wessex. Viking invasions resulted in the establishment of the Danelaw and the Viking Kingdom of York. In the late 9th and early 10th century, Wessex conquered the Danelaw and York, and unified England (954). Danish invasions resulted in temporary Danish rule (1013-1042). In 1066, England fell to Norman invaders. The Normans introduced feudalism; the Norman elite continued to speak Norman French for several centuries. While the Duchy of Normandy was lost in 1204, the Kings of England (as Dukes of Normandy) held on to the Channel Islands (Guernsey, Jersey). In 1283 Wales was conquered. It remained a separate administrative entity until annexed into England in 1535-1542. Under Henry VIII, the Church of England was separated from Rome; subsequentially, reforms turned it into a Protestant church. A minority remained Catholic; Protestant radicals, dissatisfied with an Anglican Church which in their view was not reformed thoroughly enough, established a number of sects collectively referred to as the Dissenters. After the death of Queen Elizabeth I. (1603), monarchy and parliament held up different political visions. The conflict over the rights of king and parliament culminated in the English Civil War (1642-1651), the Stuart Restoration 1660 and the Glorious Revolution 1688. Scotland, since 1603, was in dynastic union with England; in 1707 the Scottish parliament dissolved itself and placed Scotland under the authority of the London parliament, thus creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Glorious Revolution, 1689 . Restoration, 1660-1688 . The Commonwealth of England, 1649-1660 . The English Civil War, 1642-1648 . The Stuarts, 1603-1642 The Reformation : Henry VIII., Dissident Communities, Reformation in England History by County : Cornwall Western Europe Pages |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | modern |
Article : England, from Wikipedia |
| historical |
W. Harrison, Elizabethan England (Description of Britaine 1587) IA |
| Links | General |
Category : England, from Wikipedia |
| on History |
Category : History of England, from Wikipedia |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History | General, Modern |
Article : History of England, from Wikipedia |
| General, Historical |
R. de Thoyras, The history of England : as well ecclesiastical as civil,
vol.1 1726,
vol.5 1759,
vol.8 1758,
vol.9 1759,
vol.12 1762, GB D. Hume, The history of England : from the invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution of 1688, vol.1 1770, vol.2 1789, vol.1 1796, vol.2 1796, vol.3 1796, vol.4 1796, vol.7 1797, vol.8 1797, vol.1 1805, vol.1 1811, vol.3 1811, vol.4 1811, vol.5 1811, vol.7 1811, vol.8 1811, vol.9 1811, GB |
| Specific Periods |
T.G. Smollett, The History of England from the Revolution of 1688 to the Death of George II.,
vol.1 1836,
vol.2 1805,
vol.3 1805,
vol.4 1811,
vol.5 1811,
vol.6 1805, GB J.A. Froude, History of England: from the fall of Wolsey to the death of Elizabeth vol.4 1866, vol.12 1870, GB |
| Historiography |
Category : Historiography of England, from Wikipedia Article : Historians of England in the Middle Ages , List of English Chronicles, from Wikipedia |
| Administration | Bureaucracy |
| Administrative Division |
Article : Subdivisions of England, from Wikipedia |
| Representative Bodies |
Article : Parliament of England,
House of Commons of England, from Wikipedia |
| Cabinet, Ministries |
Article : Cabinet of the United Kingdom : Historical,
from Wikipedia |
| Political Trends |
Article : Jacobitism, from Wikipedia |
| Jurisdiction |
| Foreign Relations |
Anglo-Scottish Relations before 1689, from The Scottish History Society Article : France-United Kingdom Relations : History, Holy See-United Kingdom Relations : History, Netherlands-United Kingdom Relations : Historical, Spain-United Kingdom Relations : History, from Wikipedia |
| Military | General |
Article : Military History of England, from Wikipedia |
| Wars, Battles |
List of Wars involving England, from Wikipedia |
| Military Units |
J. Trenchard, An history of standing armies in England 1739, IA |
| Fortresses, Garrisons |
C. Taylor, Castles and Fortifications of England and Wales Article : Dover Castle, from Wikipedia Article : Tower of London, from Wikipedia |
| Economy & Finances | Links |
| General |
W. Ashley, An Introduction to English Economic History and Theory
pt.1 (1888),
pt.2 (1893) G. Clark, Interpreting English Economic History 1200-1800 : Malthusian Stasis or Early Dynamism ? 2006 J. McDonald, Economy of England at the Time of the Norman Conquest, EH Net Encyclopedia 2010 |
| Currency, Finances |
Thomas Hall,
Shareholder Activism in the Virginia Company of London, 1606-1624, 2009 History of London Stock Exchange |
| Trade |
Articles : Company of Merchant Adventurers of London (1407),
Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands (1551),
Muscovy Company (1555),
Eastland Company (1579),
Levant Company (1581),
East India Company (1599),
Virginia Company (1606),
London and Bristol Company (1610),
Royal African Company (1660), from Wikipedia Article : Navigation Acts, from Wikipedia |
| Manufacture, Industry |
The Textile System, from Spartacus Schoolnet E. Power, The Wool Trade in English Medieval History (1941) F. Sharman, A note on the wool trade in Wolverhampton I. Friel, Elizabethan Merchant Ships and Shipbuilding |
| Mining |
Medieval Mining, from England's Northeast |
| Agriculture |
A.G.L. Rogers, A history of agriculture and prices in England
vol.1 : 1251-1400, 1861,
vol.2 : 1259-1400, 1866, GB W.G. Hoskins, Harvest Fluctuations and English Economic History, 1480-1609, The Agricultural History Review Articles : Economics of English Agriculture in the Middle Ages, Enclosure, from Wikipedia Article : Agriculture and Enclosures, from Spartacus Educational H. Bradley, The Enclosures in England An Economic Reconstruction 1918, IA J. Croumbie Brown, The forests of England, and the management of them in bye-gone times 1883, IA |
| Social History | General |
Article : Social History of England, from Wikipedia |
| Nobility |
Article : Landed Gentry, from Wikipedia |
| Bourgeoisie |
Medieval English Towns |
| Clergy |
| Peasantry |
J.V. Beckett, The Peasant in England - A Case of Terminological Confusion ?,
Agricultural History Review |
| Poverty, Vagabonds |
Poverty in Tudor Times, from Spartacus Educational G. Boyer, English Poor Laws, EH Net Encyclopedia Articles : The Workhouse, English Poor Laws, from Wikipedia |
| Slavery |
Article : Slavery in Britain and Ireland, from Wikipedia |
| Feudalism |
Article : Feudalism in England, from Wikipedia |
| Education |
Article : History of Education in England, from Wikipedia Article : Dissenting Academies, from Wikipedia; R. Evans, List of Dissenting Academies, Technical Education Matters D. Gillard, History of Education in England, 2011 Chapter 1 : 600-1800 : Beginnings |
| Crime & Punishment |
T. Lambert, A Brief History of the Death Penalty in Britain Crime and Punishment Websites, linked by Spartacus Schoolweb Crime and Punishment in Elizabethan England, from Eyewitness to History L.O. Pike, A history of crime in England, illustrating the changes of the laws in the progress of civilisation; written from the public records and other contemporary evidence 1873, IA National Archives, Crime and the law in England, guide to unpublished primary sources |
| Ethnography |
Article : Anglo-Norman language,
Middle English,
Early Modern English, from Wikipedia Huguenot History, from Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland The Gypsies in England, from Gypsy Roma Traveller Leeds; Article : Romanichal, from Wikipedia |
| Religion | General |
| Protestant | Reformation |
Articles : Dissolution of the Monasteries,
Pilgrimage of Grace,
Tyndale Bible, from Spartacus Educational Article : Marian Exiles, from Wikipedia |
| Protestant | Anglican Church |
J.B.S. Carwithen, The History of the Church of England,
vol.1 1829,
vol.2 1829,
vol.3 1833, GB R.W. Dixon, History of the Church of England, vol.2 : 1538-1548 1895, vol.6 : 1564-1570 1902, GB |
| Dissenters |
Article : English Dissenters, from Wikipedia C. Burrage, The Early English Dissenters in the Light of Recent Research (1550-1641) vol.1 1912, vol.2 1912, IA D. Bogue, C. Bennett, History of Dissenters, from the Revolution in 1688, to the Year 1808 1812, IA |
| Catholic |
England and Wales 1550-1850, from Catholic History D. Barron, Role of Anti-Catholicism in England in the 1670s |
| Jewish |
S. Shoenberg, England, Virtual Jewish History Tour Article : History of the Jews in England, from Wikipedia |
| Islam |
Article : Islam in England, from Wikipedia |
| History of Regions | Predecessors | Cornwall |
Article : History of Cornwall, from Wikipedia |
| Danelaw |
Article : Danelaw, from Wikipedia |
| East Anglia |
Article : Kingdom of East Anglia, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms : East Engle S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : East Anglia |
| Essex |
Article : Kingdom of Essex, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms : East Seaxe S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Essex |
| Kent |
Article : Kingdom of Kent, from Wikipedia S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Kent |
| Mercia |
Article : Mercia, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms : Mercia S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Mercia |
| Northumbria |
Article : Northumbria, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons : Northumbria S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Northumbria |
| Sussex |
Article : Kingdom of Sussex, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons : Suth Seaxe S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Sussex |
| Wessex |
Article : Wessex, from Wikipedia P. Kessler, Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons : West Seaxe S.J. Murray, From Dot to Domesday : Wessex |
| Viking Kingdom of York |
P. Kessler, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms : Scandinavian Kingdom of York / Jorvik
|
| Technically independent areas in dynastic union with E. | Guernsey |
Article : Guernsey : History, from Wikipedia |
| Isle of Man |
Article : History of the Isle of Man, from Wikipedia |
| Jersey |
Article : History of Jersey, from Wikipedia |
| Administrative Units |
| Local History |
| Institutions | Science |
| Higher Education |
Articles : University of Oxford : History,
University of Cambridge : History, from Wikipedia |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
J. Chambers, Biographical illustrations of Worcestershire: including lives of persons, natives or residents
eminent either for piety or talent: to which is added, a list of living authors of the country
single vol., 1820, GB |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
United Kingdom, from World Statesmen |
| Lists of Bishops |
List of Archbishops of Canterbury,
York,
List of Bishops of
Dorchester,
Durham,
Exeter,
Gloucester,
Hereford,
Lichfield,
Lincoln,
Lindisfarne,
London,
Norwich,
Rochester,
Salisbury,
Winchester, from Wikipedia |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : UK, by County, from Population Statistics, at Univ. Utrecht |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers | Official Gazettes |
London Gazette, since 1665 |
| Other |
The British Newspaper Archive |
| Staatskalender |
| Online Yearbooks |
Engelland, Schott- und Irland, pp.293-442 in F.L. Bressler, Die Heutigen Christlichen Souverainen von Europa, 1698, in German, GB |
| Image Databanks |
| Archival Deposits |
National Archives UK, Documents Online |
| Laws |
| Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
| Bilateral Treaty Collections |
| Document Collections | Catalogues of Sources |
An exact abridgement of the records in the Tower of London, 1657, GB Ch.16 : De Scriptoribus Historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.391-441 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources Category : Historical writing from Norman and Angevin England, from Wikipedia |
| Modern Compilations for the Web |
British History Online Britannia History : Documents |
| Scans of Print Editions |
A.E. Bland (ed.), English economic history; select documents 1915, IA |
| Individual Documents | 410-1066 |
K.F. Matthews (ed.), Full-text resources for 'Dark Age' history :
Gildas, Historia Brittonum, Annales Cambriae A, Annales Cambriae B, Canu Heledd, Marwnan Cynddylan, genealogical sources Gildas, De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae [ -570], Wikipedia Article, Latin text ed. K.F. Matthews, English trsl. (W.A. Giles) posted by Project Gutenberg Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum [55 B.C.-731 A.D.], Wikipedia Article, OMSB Entry, Latin text from The Latin Library, English trsl. Sellar 1907, CCEL Nennius, Historia Brittonum [ -830], Wikipedia Article, OMSB Entry, Latin text from The Latin Library after ed. T. Mommsen, English trsl. W. Gunn 1819, GB; Latin text ed. by J. Stephenson 1838, IA Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [60 B.C.-1154 A.D.], Wikipedia Article, English trsl. Ingram 1823, from OMACL; also from Project Gutenberg |
| 1066-1485 |
J.A. Giles (ed.), Scriptores rerum gestarum Willelmi Conquestoris
1845, IA William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum [449-1127], Wikipedia Article, OMSB Entry, Latin text vol.1, vol.2, ed. Hardy 1840, IA Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae [ -1136, pseudohistoric], Wikipedia Article, Latin text ed. Anton 1854, GB, English trsl. Thompson 1892, GB William of Newburgh (Willelmi Parvi), Historia Rerum Anglicarum [1066-1198], Wikipedia Article, Latin text vol.1 1856, vol.2 ed. H.C. Hamilton 1856, IA; Excerpts in English translation, from Internet Medieval Sourcebook National Archives UK : Domesday Book |
| 1485-1707 |
The Diary of Samuel Pepys 1660-1669 |
| Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
UNESCO : National Map Agencies : United Kingdom : Ordnance Survey (OS), Southhampton |
| surveys/links |
British Library, Help for Researchers, Maps : Scanned Collections Online :
Great Britain Edmaps, Historical Maps of the British Isles, links |
| collections |
Atlas of England, from Wikimedia Commons Discus Media : The 1900 Collection, Maps from Yesteryear, Great Britain Search David Rumsey Map Collection for United Kingdom Probert Encyclopedia, Internet Map Archive, numerous relevant maps United Kingdom Maps, PCL, UTexas Old Maps, "Old-Maps is the UK's most comprehensive historical map archive comprising site centred historical maps covering England, Wales and Scotland" Old Ordnance Survey Maps Category : Old Maps of the United Kingdom, Maps of the History of the United Kingdom, Wikimedia Commons |
| scanned atlases |
Cary's Traveller's Companion, 1790, maproom Cary's New Itinerary, 1817, maproom Bett's Family Atlas, 1846, maproom Philips' Handy Atlases of the Counties of England, 1895, maproom Gardiner's Atlas of English History 1892, Memorial Library E. Reich, A new student's atlas of English history 1903, IA |
| England, hindsight |
Euratlas Periodis Web : England in
400,
500,
600,
700,
800,
900,
1000,
1100,
1200,
1300,
1400,
1500,
1600,
1700 P. Kessler, Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms : Maps Britain 400-425, 450-600, 550-600, 700 |
| England, contemporary |
| detail, hindsight |
| detail, contemporary |
City Panoramas 19th Century, from
Historic Maps,
Liverpool 1840 City Panoramas 1750, from Historic Maps, London |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
| Religious |
Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 : England
before the Reformation,
since the Reformation,
English Revolution of 1688 Jewish Encyclopedia 1901-1906 : England |
| Economic |
| Political Encyclopedias |
| Geographical |
| Historical |
De Regno Angliae, pp.321-355 in J.C. Becmann, Historia Orbis Terrarum Geographica 1673, in Latin, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
| Historic Tour Guides |
| Institutions | Archives |
National Archives, UK Category : Archives in England, from Wikipedia Mark Howells, English Record Offices and Archives on the Web |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
| Libraries |
British Library |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
| on England |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library Ch.16, De scriptoribus historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.391-441 in B.G. Struve, Selecta Bibliotheca Historica, 1705, GB Ch.15, De scriptoribus historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.557-651 in vol.1 of B.G. Struve, C.G. Buder, Selecta Bibliotheca Historica, 1740, GB W.H. Chaloner, R.C. Richardson, Bibliography of British Economic and Social History, Manchester : UP (1976) 1983 [G] C.L. Grose, A Select Bibliography of British History 1660-1760, Univ. of Chicago 1939 [G] G. Davies/M.F. Keeler, Bibliography of British History, Stuart Period 1603-1714, Oxford : Clarendon 1970 [G] E.B. Graves, A Bibliography of English History to 1485, Oxford : Clarendon 1975 [G] C. Read, Bibliography of British History, Tudor Period 1485-1603, Oxford : Clarendon 1959 [G] |
| Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Gallica |
| on England |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Agricultural History Review |
| Contents Online |
| Historiography |
Article : English Historiography - Medieval and Early Modern (to 1700), by D.R.Woolf, pp.270-276,
Article : English Historiography - Modern (since 1700), by D.R. Woolf, pp.276-284, in vol.1 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts | on Germany |
Kurt Kluxen, Geschichte Englands (History of England), Stuttgart : Kröner 1976, in German [G] |
| Specific Topics |
François Bedarida, A Social History of England 1851-1990, tral. from the French (1976) London : Routledge 1991 KMLA Lib. Call Sign 942.081 B399s J.R.H. Moorman, A History of the Church in England, Harrisburg : Moorhouse (1963) 1980 [G] |
| Primary Sources |
The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Richard le Gallienne (ed.), NY : Modern Library 2001, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 941.06 G168d |
| Yearbook Entries |
Article : United Kingdom, England, in : Statesman's Yearbook 2000 pp.1634-1641, 2001 pp.1601-1608, 2002 pp.1661-1667, 2003 pp.1663-1669, 2004 pp.1679-1685, 2005 pp.1693-1699 [G] |
