United Kingdom | England |
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The Kingdom of Scotland emerged in the Middle Ages, composed of a number of ethnicities - Celts (Picts, Gael), Anglosaxons
(Bernicia), Britons (Strathclyde) and Vikings (Orkneys, Hebrides). As the nucleus of Scotland is to be regarded the Kingdom
of Pictland, which was renamed the Kingdom of Alba, or Scotland, and which over time absorbed the other, aforelisted elements.
While the Scots developed a strong sense of national identity, the country lacked a common language; in the lowlands,
especially the southeast, English was spoken. Gaelic was the language of the Highlands, Old West Norse the language spoken
on the Orkneys and Hebrides. Only in the last two centuries did English gain ground at the expense of Gaelic and Old West Norse
in the Highlands and on the islands. In a protracted struggle in the 13th and 14th century, Scotland was able to stand up to England's attempts to subdue it. In 1603 England and Scotland entered into a Dynastic Union. In 1707 Scotland's Parliament passed the Act of Union, dissolving itself and placing Scotland under the London Parliament. This act created the United Kingdom of Great Britain Scotland is part of ever since. With England having a population of c.49 million, Scotland c.5 million, the latter plays the role of a junior partner within the union. Devolution in 1999 recreated a Scottish parliament. List of Wars : Scotland Historical Atlas : Scotland, Western Europe Pages Students' Papers : Cho, Naan, The Cinematic Portrayal of Scottish Hero William Wallace in 'Braveheart', "William Wallace' and 'A Scottish History' (2010) Students' Papers : Park, Hye Ree, Tenacious Rebels : Scotland's Jacobites (2008) Students' Papers : Choi, Jungyun, Dynastic Unions : Scotland's Road into the "Perfect Union" of Great Britain (until James I., 1625) (2008) |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | Current |
from Wikipedia Scotland Cultural Profile, from Cultural Profils |
Historic |
Links | General |
Category : Scotland, from Wikipedia |
on History |
Category : History of Scotland, from Wikipedia Scottish History, from Electric Scotland Scottish History.com |
Organizations | U.K. |
Royal Historical Society |
Historical Dictionaries |
Timelines |
Timeline, from Gazetteer for Scotland |
Accounts of History | Current |
Scottish History Online Scotland's History and Sources, from The Capital Scot Article History of Scotland, from Wikipedia |
Historical |
D. Dalrymple, Annals of Scotland, from the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart
in the Year MCCCLXXI, vol.1,
vol.2,
vol.3, 1819, GB G. Buchanan, History of Scotland (1827), vol.1, vol.2, posted on Internet Archive R. Chambers, The History of Scotland (1832), IA P.F. Tytler, History of Scotland, vol.1, 1845, vol.2, 1845, vol.3, 1845, vol.4, 1845, vol.5, 1845, vol.6, 1845, vol.7, 1845, vol.8, 1842, vol.9, 1843, vol.10, Index, 1850 P.F. Tytler, History of Scotland 1149-1603 (1841), posted on Internet Archive P.F. Tytler, The history of Scotland from the accession of Alexander III. to the union (1866), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, vol.4, vol.5, vol.6, vol.7, vol.8, vol.9, vol.10, posted on Internet Archive R. Anderson, History of Scotland (1874), IA J.H. Burton, The History of Scotland (1874), IA M. MacArthur, History of Scotland (1880), posted on IA P.H. Brown, History of Scotland (1899-1902), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, posted on Internet Archive A. Lang, A Short History of Scotland (1911), vol.1, vol.2, posted on Internet Archive D. Moysie, Memoirs of the affairs of Scotland, issue 3 : 1527-1603, 1830, GB |
Specific Periods |
W. Robertson, The history of Scotland: during the reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI.,
complete edition (1822) 1857, GB G. Lockhart, Memoirs Concerning the Affairs of Scotland : from Queen Anne's Accession to the Throne to the Commencement of the Union of the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England in May 1707, 1714, GB C.H. Firth, Scotland and the Commonwealth. Letters and papers relating to the military government of Scotland, from August 1651 to December, 1653 (1895), posted on Internet Archive C.H. Firth, Scotland and the protectorate : letters and papers relating to the military government of Scotland from January 1654 to June 1659 (1899), posted on Internet Archive E. Stair-Kerr, Scotland under James IV. (1911), IA W.L. Mathieson, Scotland and the Union: A History of Scotland from 1695 to 1747 (1905), posted on Internet Archive W.A. Mathieson, The awakening of Scotland, a history from 1747 to 1797 (1910), posted on Internet Archive W.H. Meikle, Scotland and the French revolution (1912), IA James MacKinnon, The Union of England and Scotland;: A Study of International History (1896), posted on Internet Archive J. Struthers, The History of Scotland, from the Union to the Abolition of the Heritable .. (1827), posted on Internet Archive J.H. Burton, History of Scotland, from the revolution to the extinction of the last Jacobite insurrection, 1689-1748 (1853), vol.1, vol.2, posted on Internet Archive C.L. Balcarres, Memoirs Touching the Revolution in Scotland, 1688-1690, by Colin Earl of Balcarres (1841), posted on Internet Archive A. MacRae, Scotland from the treaty of union with England to the present time, (1707-1907) (1908), posted on Internet Archive G. Charles, History of the Transactions in Scotland, in the Years 1715-16, and 1745-46 (1817), posted on Internet Archive R. Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, from the Reformation to the Revolution (1858), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, posted on Internet Archive |
Politics |
Political Resources on the Net : Scotland;
Article Politics of Scotland, from Wikipedia History of the SNP G.B. Smith, History of the English Parliament: Together with an Account of the Parliaments of Scotland .. (1894), posted on Internet Archive J.P. Day, Public administration in the Highlands and islands of Scotland (1918), posted on Internet Archive G. Stuart, Observations concerning the public law, and the constitutional history of Scotland: with occasional remarks concerning English antiquity (1779), posted on Internet Archive |
Military |
see here Article Military of Scotland, from Wikipedia R. Chambers, History of the Rebellion in Scotland in 1745, 1746 (1827), posted on Internet Archive J. Home, The history of the rebellion in Scotland in 1745 (1822), posted on Internet Archive J. Browne, The history of Scotland, its Highlands, regiments and clans (1909), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, vol.4, vol.5, vol.6, vol.7, vol.8, posted on Internet Archive R. Chambers, History of the rebellions in Scotland, under the Viscount of Dundee, and the Earl of Mar, in 1689 and 1715 (1829), posted on Internet Archive R. Chambers, History of the rebellions in Scotland, under the Marquis of Montrose, and others, from 1638 till 1660 (1829), posted on Internet Archive J.M. Bulloch, Territorial soldiering in the north-east of Scotland during 1759-1814 (1914), posted on Internet Archive |
Economy & Finances |
Category : Economic History of Scotland, from Wikipedia Category : Coins of Scotland, from Wikipedia Scottish Economic History Database 1550-1780, from IISG Article North Sea Oil, from Wikipedia A.W. Kerr, History of Banking in Scotland (1908), posted on Internet Archive J. Walker, An Economical History of the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland (1808), posted on Internet Archive J. MacKinnon, The social and industrial history of Scotland from the earliest times to the union (1920), posted on Internet Archive J.T. Pratt, The history of savings banks in England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland (1842), posted on Internet Archive W.B. Black, What are teinds? : An account of the history of tithes in Scotland (1893), posted on Internet Archive J. Davidson, The Scottish staple at Veere, a study in the economic history of Scotland (1909), posted on Internet Archive D. Bremner, The industries of Scotland, their rise, progress, and present condition (1869), posted on Internet Archive L.A. Barbe, Sidelights on the history, industries & social life of Scotland (1919), posted on Internet Archive D. Maxwell, Bygone Scotland; historical and social (1894), IA R.W. Cochran-Patrick, Records of the coinage of Scotland, from the earliest period to the Union (1876), posted on Internet Archive A.H. Stirling, A sketch of Scottish industrial and social history in the 18th and 19th centuries (1906), posted on Internet Archive |
Social History |
J. MacKinnon, The social and industrial history of Scotland from the earliest times to the union (1920),
posted on Internet Archive L.A. Barbe, Sidelights on the history, industries & social life of Scotland (1919), posted on Internet Archive John Strong, A history of secondary education in Scotland : an account of Scottish secondary education from early times to the education act of 1908 (1909), posted on Internet Archive W.J. Gibson, Education in Scotland; a sketch of the past and the present (1912), posted on Internet Archive A.H. Stirling, A sketch of Scottish industrial and social history in the 18th and 19th centuries (1906), posted on Internet Archive |
Ethnography |
Article Languages of Scotland, from Wikipedia Scotland, pp.4448-4544 in vol.6B of J.A. Hammerton, Peoples of All Nations, c.1920, illustrated, IA |
Religion |
Article Religion in Scotland, from Wikipedia Scotland, from Jewish Virtual History Tour M. Russell, History of the Church of Scotland, vol.1, vol.2, 1834, GB J.F.S. Gordon, Ecclesiastical Chronicle for Scotland (1867), vol.1, posted on Internet Archive A. Williams, Bygone Church Life in Scotland (1899), posted on Internet Archive D. Calderwood, The History of the Kirk of Scotland (1842), vol.1, vol.2, vol.3, vol.4, vol.5, vol.6, vol.7, vol.8, posted on Internet Archive W. Sime, History of the Covenanters (1830), vol.1, vol.2, posted on Internet Archive John Knox, History of the Reformation in Scotland (1586-1587, ed. 1949) vol.1, vol.2, posted on Internet Archive J. Rankin, Handbook of the Church of Scotland (1879), posted on Internet Archive A. Bellesheim, History of the Catholic Church of Scotland from the Introduction of Christianity to the Present Day (1889), posted on Internet Archive J.H. Pollen, The Counter-reformation in Scotland, with special reference to the Revival of 1585 to 1595 (1921), posted on internet Archive |
History of Regions |
Article Subdivisions of Scotland, from Wikipedia Articles History of the Outer Hebrides, History of the Orkney Islands, Shetland : History, Skye : History, Caithness : History, from Wikipedia History of the Outer Hebrides, from Virtual Hebrides J. Walker, An Economical History of the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland (1808), posted on Internet Archive The New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845), vol.8, posted on Internet Archive D. Gregory, The History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland, from A.D. 1493 .. (1881), posted on Internet Archive J.P. Day, Public administration in the Highlands and islands of Scotland (1918), posted on Internet Archive |
Local History |
History of Edinburgh, from Wikipedia History of Glasgow, from Wikipedia History of Aberdeen, from Wikipedia History of Dundee, from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
Structurae : Scotland History, from Radio Scotland; Article Gaelic Broadcasting in Scotland, from Wikipedia Great North of Scotland Railway, has history |
Culture |
J.H. Millar, A Literary History of Scotland (1903), IA H. Douglas-Irvine, Royal palaces of Scotland (1911), IA R. Dickson, Introduction of the art of printing into Scotland (1885), IA |
Biographies | Standard Works of Reference |
J. Stark, Biographia scotica: or Scottish biographical dictionary; containing a short account of the lives and writings of the most eminent
persons and remarkable characters, natives of Scotland, from the earliest ages to the present time
W. M'Gavin, Biographia Scoticana
single vol., 1828 GB R. Chambers, A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen div.1, Abe-Bro, 1853, div.2, Bro-Dal, 1853, div.3, Dal-For, 1853, div.4, For-Hor, 1853, div.5, Hor-Les, 1854, div.6, Les-Ram, 1854, div.7, Ram-Wil, 1855, div.8, Wil-You, Abe-Hep, 1855, div.9, Her-Woo, 1855, GB |
Web Compilations, General |
List of Scots, from Wikipedia Significant and Famous Scots, from Electric Scotland |
Specialized Compilations |
Others |
J. Ritchie, The influence of man on animal life in Scotland; study in faunal evolution (1920), posted on
IA |
DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Regnal Chronologies |
Lists of Ambassadors |
Lists of Bishops |
Mortlach / Aberdeen,
List of Bishops of Argyll,
Brechin,
Caithness,
Dunkeld,
Galloway,
Glasgow,
Moray,
Orkney,
Ross,
St. Andrews, from Wikipedia |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : UK, by County, from Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer Historical Abortion Statistics : Scotland, from Johnston's Archive |
Exchange Rates |
The Marteau Early 18th-Century Currency Converter |
Election Results |
from Psephos (since 1999) |
Hemerotheques |
Wikipedia : List of Online Newspaper Archives : Scotland The Scotsman Digital Archive 1817-1950 (charges fee) |
Modern Newspapers |
Image Databanks |
Wikimedia Commons |
Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives (UK) for Nepal Search Janus (catalogues of archives and manuscript collections held throughout Cambridge) for Nepal |
Constitutions, Laws |
Treaties |
Treaty of Union 1707, from SPM |
Document Collections |
Scotland : Documents and Records Illustrating the History of Scotland, and the Transactions between the Crowns of Scotland and England,
preserved in the Treasury of her Majesty's Exchequer,
vol.1, 1837, GB The Principal Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 1721, 1731, 1741, 1751, 1761, 1771, 1781, 1791, 1801, 1811, 1821, GB Documents, from Scots for Independence J. Leyden, The complaynt of Scotland : Written in 1548., 1801, GB J.M. Thomson, The Public Records of Scotland (1922), posted on Internet Archive The Historians of Scotland 1871, vol.2, vol.3, vol.5, vol.7, vol.8, vol.9, vol.10, posted on Internet Archive Ch.16 : De Scriptoribus Historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.391-441 in B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ; a catalogue of narrative historical sources |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
UNESCO : National Map Agencies : United Kingdom : Ordnance Survey (OS), Southhampton |
surveys/links |
British Library, Help for Researchers, Maps : Scanned Collections Online :
Great Britain Edmaps, Historical Maps of the British Isles, links |
collections |
WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Scotland page Maps of Scotland, posted by National Library of Scotland Historical Map Overlays, from National Library of Scotland Discus Media : The 1900 Collection, Maps from Yesteryear, Great Britain Search David Rumsey Map Collection for United Kingdom Probert Encyclopedia, Internet Map Archive, numerous relevant maps United Kingdom Maps, PCL, UTexas Old Maps, "Old-Maps is the UK's most comprehensive historical map archive comprising site centred historical maps covering England, Wales and Scotland" Old Ordnance Survey Maps Category : Old Maps of the United Kingdom, Maps of the History of the United Kingdom, Wikimedia Commons |
scanned atlases |
Cary's Traveller's Companion, 1790, maproom Cary's New Itinerary, 1817, maproom Bett's Family Atlas, 1846, maproom Philips' Handy Atlases of the Counties of Scotland, 1886, maproom |
Scotland, hindsight |
Scotland, contemporary |
detail, hindsight |
detail, contemporary |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article Schottland,
Edinburg,
Glasgow
from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, in German Article Scotland, Church of Scotland, Episcopal Church of Scotland, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dundee, Aberdeen, Inverness, Lothian, Strathclyde, Skye, The Hebrides, Orkney Islands, Shetland, from EB 1911 |
Religious |
Article Scotland,
Established Church of Scotland,
Edinburgh,
Saint Andrews and Edinburgh,
Diocese of Galloway, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907-1914 Article Scotland, Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, from Jewish Encyclopeduia 1901-1906 |
Economic |
J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch
der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual
on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Edinburgh, Glasgow, posted by DTBSWS |
Political |
Engelland, Schott- und Irland, pp.293-442 in F.L. Bressler, Die Heutigen Christlichen Souverainen
von Europa, 1698, in German, GB |
Historical |
Entry : The Islands of Shetland and Orkney, pp.404-429, The Hebrides or Western Islands pp.430-444, Description of St. Kilda pp.444-464,
Lewis pp.465-472, Harries pp.472-480, Erisca pp.480-482, Barray pp.482-484, Skie pp.484-496, Mull pp.496-498, Iona pp.498-502,
Jurah pp.502-504, Oronsay pp.504-506, Bute pp.506-508, Arran pp.508-510, in : T.G. Smoillett, The Present State of the World,
vol.1 1768, posted on Google Books |
Historical |
Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Tour Guides, Travelogues |
R. Pococke, Tours in Scotland 1747, 1750, 1760 (1887), IA |
Institutions | Archives |
National Archives of Scotland |
Musea |
National Museums of Scotland |
Monuments |
Category : Monuments and Memorials in
Scotland, from Wikipedia Castles / Monuments, from Scotland's Colours, commercial site Standing stones and ancient monuments in Scotland, from The Internet Guide to Scotland Ancient Monuments, from Scottish Highlands Website |
Libraries |
National Library of Scotland |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
Coins, Banknotes |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
on Scotland |
Scottish Forest History : a Bibliography, from EH Resources E-Bibliography : Women in Scottish History Ch.16, De scriptoribus historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.391-441 in B.G. Struve, Selecta Bibliotheca Historica, 1705, GB Ch.15, De scriptoribus historiae Anglicarum, Scoticarum et Hibernicarum, pp.557-651 in vol.1 of B.G. Struve, C.G. Buder, Selecta Bibliotheca Historica, 1740, GB W.H. Chaloner, R.C. Richardson, Bibliography of British Economic and Social History, Manchester : UP (1976) 1983 [G]; on Scotland pp.164-175 |
Online Libraries | general |
Project Gutenberg, Online Catalogue, keywords Ceylon Internet Archive e-corpus |
on Scotland |
Books from Electric Scotland Digital Library, from National Library of Scotland |
Online Journals |
Historiography |
Article : Scottish Historiography, by C. Kidd, pp.819-822, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
General Accounts |
Peteer and Fiona Somerset Fry, The History of Scotland, NY : Barnes & Noble (1982) 1995 [G] Fitzroy MacLean, Scotland : a Concise History, London : Thames and Hudson, 1993 [G] |
Specific Topics |
Karen Jillings, Scotland's Black Death, The Foul Death of the English, Tempus 2003 [G] Donald Campbell, Cities of the Imagination : Edinburgh. A Cultural and Literary History, NY : Interlink Books 2004, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 941.34 C187e James MacKay, William Wallace, Brave Heart, Edinburgh : Mainstream (1995) 2006 KMLA Lib. Call Sign 941.102 M153w Bruce Lenman, An Economic History of Modern Scotland 1660-1976, London : Batsford 1977 [G] |
Historical Dictionaries |
Gordon Donaldson, Robert S. Morpeth, A Dictionary of Scottish History, Edinburgh : John Donald 1977 [G] |
Yearbook Entries |
Article : United Kingdom, Scotland, in : Statesman's Yearbook 2000 pp.1641-1650, 2001 pp.1608-1617, 2002 pp.1667-1676,
2003 pp.1669-1678, 2004 pp.1685-1695, 2005 pp.1699-1708 [G] Article : Scotland, in : Americana Annual 1927 p.782, 1928 p.716, 1930 p.702, 1931 p.698, 1932 pp.432-433, 1933 p.654, 1934 p.542, 1935 pp.648-649, 1936 p.663, 1937 pp.637-638, 1943 p.652, 1944 p.627, 1945 p.641, 1946 p.665, 1947 p.631, 1957 p.705, 1962 p.666, 1963 p.592, 1964 p.586 [G] |