Neoabsolutism
1849-1866 		World War I
1914-1918







The Austro-Hungarian Compromise and the Dual Monarchy, 1867-1914




After having been defeated by the French and Savoyards in 1859 and by Prussia in 1866, the Austrian administration realized that in order for the state to survive, an understanding had to be reached with the Hungarians. The result was the AUSGLEICH (compromise) of 1867, which established the DOPPELMONARCHIE (dual monrachy, of Austria and Hungary). From now on the Habsburg Empire was referred to as Austria-Hungary, it's administration as K.u.K. Austro-Hungarian (K.u.K. stands for Kaiserlich (Imperial Austrian) and Koeniglich (Royal Hungarian). Croatia-Slavonia, the Vojvodina and Transylvania were reintegrated into Hungary.
Budapest now officially became Hungary's capital; Hungary's parliament became a permanent institution. Hungary was largely autonomous in internal affairs, the central government (Vienna) responsible for foreign affairs and defense.
In Hungary fervent nationalists got in power, pushing for an active policy of MAGYARIZATION in an attempt to assimilate the ethnic minorities. This policy was resented by the minority Croats, Serbs, Slovaks and Vlachs (Rumanians) who over time came to regard Hungarians and Germans as oppressors, while the Hungarians overcame their anti-Habsburg sentiment and became supporters of the Dual Monarchy.









EXTERNAL
LINKS 		Independent Kingdom, from A Short History of Austria-Hungary by H. Wickham-Steed, 1914, anti-Habsburg
Era of Dualism, from C.A. Macartney, Hungary - A Short History, 1962
The Compromise and the Millennium, from Istvan Lazar, Hungary - A Brief History, 1989/1993, slightly polemic
Hungary, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1914 edition
DOCUMENTS Austro-Hungarian Flags of 1867 ff., from FOTW
Images from Chronik 2000 Bilddatenbank : View from Buda at Pest, late 19th century
Papal Encyclical Constanti Hungarorum by Leo XIII., 1893, from Vatican
News from Hungary, in "The Great Round World and What is Going on in it" Vol.1 No.60, December 1897, posted by Gutenberg Library Online
REFERENCE Peter F. Sugar (ed.), A History of Hungary, Indiana Univ. Press 1990, 432 pp.
Annotated Memoirs of General Miklos Horthy, from Historical Text Archive, Online Book
Article Hungary, in : Britannica Book of the Year 1913 pp. 957-958 (on events of 1912) [G]
Article : Austria-Hungary, in : Statesman's Year Book 1878, pp.3-27 (data on 1877) [G]
Article : Austria-Hungary : Hungary, in : Statesman's Year Book 1895 pp.339-340, 1898 pp.333-375, 1901 pp.410-426, 428-432, 1905 pp.442-459, 461-468, 1910 pp.609-623, 627-628 Article : Austria-Hungary : Hungary, in : Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events 1902 pp.59-60 [G]
Article : Hungary, in : International Year Book 1898 pp.399-401, 1899 pp.413-415
Article : Austria-Hungary : Hungary, in : International Year Book 1900 p.98
Article : Austria-Hungary, in : New International Year Book 1907 pp.71-77, 1908 pp.62-68, 1909 pp.65-71, 1913 pp.78-85 [G]
Algernon Bastard, The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (1903), posted by Gutenberg Library Online, chapter XI pp.196-207 on Austria and Hungary
Frederic Augustin Ogg, The Governments of Europe (1913), posted by Gutenberg Library Online, Pt.6 pp.442-517 on Austria-Hungary


This page is part of World History at KMLA
First posted in 2000, last revised on October 17th 2007

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