Hochstift Cologne | County of Mark |
Territorial History . In the 12th century, the Archbishops of Cologne established secular rule over large stretches of the Sauerland
by the acquisition of territory (much of it formerly owned by the counts of Werl and Arnsberg) and the construction of castles. In 1180
Emperor Frederick I. granted the title "Duke of Westfalia" to Archbishop of Cologne Philipp von Heinsberg. In a protracted conflict with the County of Mark, the Archbishops of Cologne lost territory (Hagen, Schwelm 1288, Soest 1447), but consolidated their hold on most of the Sauerland (acquisition of Bilstein, Fredeburg from Mark 1445/1447; in 1368 purchase of the County of Arnsberg). In 1437 the cities and knights of the territory from here onward refered to as the Duchy of Westfalia achieved the recognition of right of the Landstände (the assembled representatives of the knights and cities) to have a say in the administration of the Duchy, which as was ruled by the Archbishop of Cologne, as separate from his other territories, the Hochstift Cologne and the Vest Recklinghausen. In 1803 the territory (except for the exclave of Volkmarsen) was annexed by Hessen-Darmstadt; the Landtag (diet) was abolished in 1806. Following the Vienna Congress, most of the former Duchy became part of Prussia's (larger) province of Westfalen, Volkmarsen was annexed by Hessen-Kassel. Administrative History . Arnsberg was the seat of the Marshall of Westfalia (since 1482 Landdrost). The territory was divided in the 4 quartals of Bilstein, Brilon, Rüthen and Werl. The Landtag (diet) was composed of the Archbishop of Cologne, of Cologne Cathedral Chapter, of representatives of the knights and of representatives of the cities. The 4 capitals were Brilon, Rüthen, Geseke and Werl; 21 (22) cities were represented. Church History . In 777 Charlemagne charged the Archbishop of Cologne with organizing the Catholic Church in the southwestern parts of newly-conquered Westfalia (the western part of the land of the Saxons). The Lutheran Reformation began to affect Westfalia relatively late; the Counterreformation began in 1583. Catholicism remained dominant since. |
Name : In Latin language sources Ducatus Westfaliae or Ducatus Westphaliae. In German Herzogtum Westfalen (before standardization of
orthography also Herzogthum Westfalen, Herzogtum Westphalen). In English both Westphalia and Westfalia are used; the famous Peace of Westphalia
1648 (signed in Münster and Osnabrück, outside of the Duchy discussed here) has contributed to the popularity of the spelling with ph. In sources of the 8th and 9th century, Westfalia describes the western quarter of Saxony, including the duchy here discussed, and stretching northward until the limits of Frisia, almost at the North Sea shore. From 1180/1368/1437 onward, the term Westfalia was used either in its original larger meaning, or in a more limited meaning, refering to "kölnisches Westfalen", the territory in Westfalia under the rule of the Archbishops of Cologne. Napoleon in 1807 created a Kingdom of Westfalia the territory of which for the most part was located outside of the historical region by that name (-1813). The Vienna Congress 1815 added a third interpretation of the term Westfalen - Prussia's province by that name, which included the former Duchy of Westfalia, and more territory of old Saxon Westfalia, but not all of it (much of the thinly populated north was part of the Kingdom of Hannover respectively the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg). On the other hand, the Province of Westfalen included territories historically part of Engern (Angaria), another quarter of Old Saxony. |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | modern |
Article Herzogtum Westfalen, from Wikipedia German edition;
from Wikipedia, in English Herzogtum Westfalen, from GenWiki, in German |
historical |
Links, on History |
Internet-Portal Westfälische Geschichte (in German) Kategorie : Herzogtum Westfalen, from Wikipedia German edition |
Organizations | Institutions |
Societies | Links |
Duchy of Westfalen |
Sauerländer Heimatbund |
Local |
Heimatverein Attendorn Geschichts- und Heimatverein Herscheid Heimatverein für Olpe und Umgebung |
Genealogy |
Westfälische Gesellschaft für Genealogie und Familienforschung |
Reenactors | Habitare 1288 |
Historical Dictionaries |
Timelines |
Accounts of History | General, Modern |
Article Herzogtum Westfalen, from Wikipedia German edition;
from Wikipedia, in English Herzogtum Westfalen, from GenWiki, in German |
General, Historical | Kürköln |
Westfalen |
J.S. Seibertz, Landes- und Rechtsgeschichte des Herzogthums Westfalen
vol.1 1845,
vol.1.2 1855,
vol.1.3 1860,
vol.3 1864, in German, GB |
Specific Periods |
Administration | Institutions |
Article : Verwaltungseinheiten im Herzogtum Westfalen,
from Wikipedia German edition Article : Landtag (Herzogtum Westfalen), from Wikipedia German edition |
Law |
J.S. Seibertz, Die Statutar- und Gewohnheitrechte des Herzogthums Westfalen aus den Quellen geschichtlich und practisch dargestellt, 1839, in German, GB |
Military |
Economy & Finances | Economic History |
Bross/Walter,
Socio-Economic Analysis of Northrhine-Westphalia; scroll down for : Brief overview of the historic development (of the Ruhr Area) Industriegeschichte Südwestfalen, from Ministerium für Bauen, Wohnen und Verkehr, NRW; in German |
Mining |
Article : Bergbau im Sauerland, from Wikipedia German edition W. Reininghaus, Die Geschichte des Bergbaus im kölnischen Sauerland, 2010, in German Philippstollen bei Olsberg im Sauerland R. Köhne, Historischer Erzbergbau im Sauerland : Gruben und Gräben auf dem Dach Westfalens, 2007, in German |
Metal Industry |
Article : Hammerwerke im Sauerland, from Wikipedia German edition |
Social History |
J.F.J. Sommer, Darstellung der Rechtsverhältnisse der Bauerngüter im Herzogthum Westfalen nach älteren und neueren Gesetzen und Rechten: Mit Beilagen, 1823, in German, GB J.F.J. Sommer, Handbuch über die ältern und neuern bäuerlichen Rechtsverhältnisse in den ehemals grossherzoglich-bergischen, königlich-westphälischen und französisch-hanseatischen preussischen Provinzen in Rheinland-Westphalen, vol.2 of Geschichtliche und dogmatische Entwicklung der bäerlichen Rechtsverhältnisse in Deutschland, 1830, in German, GB |
Ethnography |
Religion | general |
Catholic |
Die alte und neue erzdiözese Köln in Dekanate eingetheilt oder Das Erzbisthum Köln mit den Stiften, Dekanaten, Pfarreien und Vikarien sammt deren Einkommen und Collatoren wie es war ...
vol.1 1828,
vol.2 1828, in German, GB |
Protestant |
History, from Evangelische Kirche von Westfalen, in English J.A. von Recklinghausen, Reformations-Geschichte der L?der J?ich, Berg, Cleve, Meurs, Mark, Westfalen, und der St?te Aachen, C?n und Dortmund , 1818, in German, GB Churkölnisches Herzogtum Westfalen und Vest Recklinghausen, pp.162-186, 278-340 in H. Kampschulte, Geschichte der Einf?rung des Protestantismus im Bereiche der jetzigen Provinz Westfalen, 1866, in German, GB Evangelisch in Westfalen : Geschichte Teil 1, Teil 2, in German, GB |
Judaism |
History of Regions | Fragments |
Article : Soester Börde, from Wikipedia German edition |
administrative divisions |
predecessors |
other |
Local History | Arnsberg |
Article : Arnsberg : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition |
Attendorn |
Geschichte Attendorns, in German |
Bilstein |
Geschichte Bilsteins, from Bilstein Online,
in German |
Brilon |
Stadt Brilon, Geschichte, in German |
Geseke |
Stadt Geseke, Geschichte Geseke, in German Article : Geseke : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition |
Menden |
Stadt Menden, Stadtgeschichte, in German |
Meschede |
Article : Meschede : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition |
Neheim |
Olpe |
Rüthen |
Article : Rüthen : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition J. Bender, Geschichte der Stadt Rüden, 1848, in German, GB |
Sundern | Stadt Sundern, Geschichte |
Werl |
Institutions |
Culture |
Biographies | electronic |
scans of print editions |
Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Liste der Landdroste des Herzogtums Westfalen,
from Wikipedia German edition |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Online Yearbooks | Staatskalender |
Links, from GenWiki Niederrheinisch-Westphälischer Kreis-Kalender 1792, 1791, in German, GB |
General, entries on G. |
Image Databanks | supraregional |
provincial |
local |
Archival Deposits |
outside of W., with reference to W. |
in W. covering several archives |
in W. of specific archives |
Costumen |
Govt. Decrees |
Church Ordonnances |
Treaties |
Document Collections | Surveys |
Internet-Portal : Westfälische Geschichte,
Herzogtum Westfalen, on the right : click "Quellen" |
Chronicles |
Levold's von Northof Chronik der Grafen von der Mark und der Erzbisch?e von C?n, aus HSS. verbessert und vervollst?digt von C.L.P. Tross, 1859, GB J.S. Seibertz (ed.), Quellen der westfälischen Geschichte vol.1 1857, vol.2 1860, vol.3 1869, GB |
Cartularia |
Rheinisch-Westfälischer diplomatischer Codex oder Urkunden-sammlung zur Geschichte der Erzdiözese Köln,
vol.1 1830,
vol.2 1831, GB T. Lacomblet (ed.), Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln, der Fürstenthümer Jülich und Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Cleve und Mark, und der Reichsstifte Elten, Essen und Werden, vol.1 : until 1200, 1840 GB, vol.2 : 1201-1300, 1846, IA, GB, vol.3 : 1301-1400, 1853, IA, GB, vol.4 : 1401-1609, 1857, IA, GB Digitale Westfälische Urkunden-Datenbank, under construction Urkunden zur Landes- und Rechtsgeschichte des Herzogtums Westfalen vol.1 1839, vol.2 1843, vol.3 1854, GB Westfälisches Urkundenbuch : Die Urkunden des k?nischen Westfalen 1200-1300, 1901-1919, LWL |
Folktales |
Individual Documents |
Historical Maps | Issuing Institutions |
Topographisches Informationsamt NRW, in German |
Collections |
Internet-Portal : Westfälische Geschichte,
Herzogtum Westfalen, on the right : click "Karten" |
Atlasses |
Modern, entire County |
Preussen erwirbt Westfalen,
from Landesmuseum Westfalen-Lippe Herzogtum Westfalen um 1800, from Wikipedia Herzogtum Westfalen 1789, by T. Höckmann Das Herzogtum Westfalen nach heutigen Verwaltungsgrenzen, from Sauerländer Heimatbund |
Contemporary, entire County |
Blaeu 1645 :
Westphalia Ducatus , from Wikipedia Janszoon/Blaeu 1645/1662 : Westphalia Ducatus, from GenWiki |
Modern, Detail |
Contemporary, Detail |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Religious |
Economic |
Political |
Duchy of Westphalia, pp.43-45 in vol.5 of T.G. Smollett, The present state of all nations 1769, GB |
Geographical |
Merian, Topographia Westfaliae,
Arnsberg,
Brilon,
Geseke,
Meschede,
Ruden,
Volckmarsem,
Werle, 1647, in German, Wikisource Article Dukedom of Westphalia in E. Bohun, A geographical dictionary, representing the present and ancient names of all the countries, provinces, remarkable cities, 1688, GB |
Historical |
Parliamentary Debates |
Postal Routes | Europe |
Livre des Postes d'Europe 1788, in French, GB H.A.O. Reichard, Guide des voyageurs en Europe vol.1 1793, in French, GB E.A. Domeier, A descriptive road-book of Germany, 1830, GB |
Tour Guides |
Travelogues |
Institutions | Archives | Lists |
LWL-Institut fürwestfälische Regionalgeschichte in Münster et al., Movie :
Vergangenheit, wir kommen ! (on students accessing an archive; in German) Archive in NRW, by A. Hanacek, in German |
State Archives |
Landesarchiv NRW, Abteilung Westfalen
Standort Münster (former Staatsarchiv Münster) |
District Archives |
Archive in NRW,
Kreisarchiv Hochsauerlandkreis, Meschede,
Kreisarchiv Soest, |
Musea | Lists, Links |
Deutsches Museums-Verzeichnis; click on map of NRW, then
Stadt und Kreis Soest, Hochsauerlandkreis, Stadt und Kreis Olpe, Märkischer Kreis |
Museum Websites |
Sauerland-Museum Arnsberg Südsauerlandmuseum Attendorn Museum Haus Hövener, Brilon Städtisches Museum am Rykenberg, Werl |
Monuments | General |
F.E. von Mering, Geschichte der Burgen, Rittergüter, Abteien und Kl?ter in den Rheinlanden und den Provinzen Jülich, Cleve, Berg und Westphalen: nach archivarischen und anderen authentischen Quellen gesammelt und bearbeitet
vol.1 1833,
vol.2 1835,
vol.3 1836,
vol.4 1837,
vol.5 1840,
vol.6 1842, in German, GB |
Churches |
Castles |
Liste von Burgen, Schlössern und Festungen in NRW :
Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg, from Wikipedia German edition; Burgen und Schlösser in NRW, from
Burgen und Schlösser, in German |
Windmills, Water Mills |
Liste der Windmühlen in Nordrhein-Westfalen,
from Wikipedia German edition Kategorie : Wassermühle in Nordrhein-Westfalen, from Wikipedia German edition |
Libraries |
Die Landesbibliotheken in NRW |
State Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Coins |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Westfalen, from BibScout Nordrhein-Westfälische Bibliografie Aufsatzdatenbank Frühe Neuzeit, keyword Grafschaft Mark Chronicon, keyword Mark |
on W. |
Nordrhein-Westfälische Bibliografie |
Library Catalogues |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus |
on Westfalen |
Digitale Landesbibliothek NRW : Kulturerbe Digital |
Online Journals | full text online |
Table of Contents Online |
Zeitschriftenmagazin : Westfälische Lebensbilder
1930-2000, posted by S. Jenks Zeitschriftenmagazin : Westfälische Forschungen. 1938-2001, posted by S. Jenks Zeitschriftenmagazin : Westfälische Zeitschrift (WestfZs) 1947-1974, 1976-2002, posted by S. Jenks |
General Accounts |
Specific Topics |