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Holstein emerged as a Duchy in the Holy Roman Empire, Schleswig as a Duchy within the
Kingdom of Denmark. In the
early 14th century both duchies were united in dynastic union. The Dukes of Schleswig Holstein long saw themselves
as opponents of the Kings of Denmark. In 1460 King Christian I. of
Denmark and Duke of both Schleswig and Holstein, granted the two duchies the privilege to be up ewig ungedeelt
(for ever undivided). Due to dynastic events, Schleswig and Holstein were partitioned, until all of Schleswig was reunited under the King of Denmark in 1773, Holstein, except for Eutin (to Oldenburg), in 1815. Schleswig-Holstein, while in dynastic union with Denmark, remained separate entities; Holstein was a member of the German Confederation 1815-1864. The Danish government, in 1848 and again in 1863, sought the full integration of Schlewsig in a Danish nation state. In both situations, a revolt erupted in Schleswig-Holstein; in 1848-1849 a war was narrowly avoided and a diplomatic solution found in the London Protocol (1852); in 1864 Austria and Prussia declared war on Denmark, defeated the latter; Denmark ceded Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg. Following the Seven Weeks War 1866, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg were annexed by Prussia, formed the Province Schleswig-Holstein, which in 1871 became part of unified Germany. In 1890 Helgoland was annexed by Germany and allocated to Schleswig-Holstein. While most Holsteiners and a considerable part of the population of Schleswig felt German, there were those who identified with the Danish nation. In the treaty of 1864 a plebiscite in Schleswig was foreseen to establish the will of the population; this plebiscite was only held in 1920, when a majority in Zone 1 (North Schleswig) voted in favour of Denmark, a majority in Zone II voted for remaining with Germany. The Gross-Hamburg-Gesetz of 1937 resulted in the annexation of Altona and Wandsbeck (hitherto Holstein) to Hamburg, and the annexation of the Principality of Lübeck (hitherto Oldenburg) and the Free City of Lübeck into Schleswig-Holstein. For the History of (West) Germany since 1945 click here For the History of Denmark since 1918 click Denmark For the history of Germany 1871-1945 click here For the history of Prussia 1866-1947, click here Historical Atlas, Schleswig-Holstein Page |
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| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article : Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikipedia Article Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikipedia German edition Preussen, Provinz Schleswig-Holstein, from Verwaltungsgeschichte (Administrative History) by M. Rademacher, in German Schleswig-Holstein, from Deutsche Schutzgebiete, in German |
| Historic |
A. Niemann, Handbuch der schleswig-holsteinischen Landeskunde,
1799, in German, GB A.Ch. Gudme, Schleswig-holstein: Eine statistisch-geographisch-topographische Darstellung (1833 in German, IA S. Laing, Observations on the social and political state of Denmark, and the duchies of Sleswick and Holstein, in 1851 (1852), IA K.W.Schäfer, Die deutschen Herzogthümer Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg in ihrem staatlichen .. (1864) in German, IA O.G. Doormann, Landeskunde der Provinz Schleswig-Holstein und der Freien und Hansestadt Lübeck mit ihrem Gebiete, 1910, GenWiki Digital Library, in German |
| Links | General |
Category : Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikipedia |
| on History |
Clio Online, keyword Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel,
Dithmarschen, Nordfriesland, Flensburg, Lübeck; German language History Portal Kategorie : Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, from Wikipedia German Edition |
| Historical Dictionary |
| Timelines |
Chronik Schleswig-Holsteins, from
Landesregierung Schleswig-Holstein, in German Zeitleiste, from Sylter Geschichte |
| Accounts of History | current |
Article : History of Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikipedia Article : Schleswig-Holstein : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition |
| historical |
W.E. Christiani, Geschichte der Herzogthümer Schleswig und Hollstein,
vol.1, 1775,
vol.2, 1776,
vol.3, 1777,
vol.4, 1779, in German, GB G. Waitz, Schleswig-Holsteins Geschichte, vol.1, 1851, vol.2, 1852, in German, GB H. Handelmann, Geschichte von Schleswig-Holstein: Mit Berücksichtigung der nordelbingischen Kleinstaaten (1873) in German, IA |
| Specific Periods |
| Historiography |
| Politics |
Article : Politics of Schleswig-Holstein,
South Schleswig Voter Federation, from Wikipedia Kategorie : Politik (Schleswig-Holstein), from Wikipedia German edition FDP Schleswig-Holstein, Geschichte Article : SPD Schleswig-Holstein : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition |
| Military |
A.H. Baudissin, Geschichte des Schleswig-holsteinischen Kriegs (1862) in German, posted on
Internet Archive A.H. Baudissin, Schleswig-holsteinische Soldatengeschichten (1863) in German, posted on Internet Archive E.A. Erichsen, Forced to fight : the tale of a Schleswig Dane (1917), posted on Internet Archive F. Pflug, Der Deutsch-dänische Krieg: Geschichte des Feldzugs in Schleswig-Holstein (1865) in German, posted on Internet Archive E.J.S. Dicey, The Schleswig-Holstein war, vol.1, vol.2, 1864, GB J.F.Ch. Knudsen, Danmarks kamp for Slesvig i aarene 1848 og 1849 efter nogle friviliges papirer, 1851, in Danish, GB |
| Economy & Finances |
| Social Historyy |
Herzogtum Schleswig-Holstein, pp.179-183 in A. Judeich,
Die Grundentlastung in Deutschland, 1863, in German, GB |
| Ethnography |
Fremdsprachige Minderheiten im Deutschen Reich : Kreise mit mindestens 5 % fremdsprachiger Bevölkerung 1903
(Minorities Speaking Foreign Languages in Germany : Districts with at least 5 % non-German Speaking Population 1903),
from Verwaltungsgeschichte
(Administrative History) by M. Rademacher Dänische Minderheit (Danish Minority), Friesen (Frisians), Kartoffeldeutsche, Vertriebene, Fluechtlinge, Displaced Persons, from Schleswig-Holstein von A bis Z, in German E. Beauvois, La nationalite du Slesvig (1864) in French, posted on Internet Archive C.F. Allen, Geschichte der dänischen Sprache im Herzogthum Schleswig oder Südjütland (1857) in German, posted on Internet Archive |
| Religion |
Article
Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Schleswig-Holstein : Geschichte,
Noldelbische Evangelisch-Lutherische
Kirche, from Wikipedia German edition Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche Schleswig-Holsteins, from Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte by M. Rademacher, in German Christen und Juden 1933-1945, Juden in Schleswig-Holstein, Herrnhuter, Sepharden, from Schleswig-Holstein von A bis Z, in German H.N.A. Jensen et al., Schleswig-Holsteinische Kirchengeschichte (1873) in German, IA; also from GenWiki (4 vols., 1873-1879) H.N.A. Jensen, Versuch einer kirchlichen Statistik des Herzogthums Schleswig (1841), posted on Internet Archive M.M. Hansen, Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift, vol.1 pt.2, 1863, vol.2, 1864, vol.3 pt.1, 1864, in Danish, GB |
| History of Regions | Duchy of Schleswig |
Article South Jutland County, from Wikipedia Articles Nordschleswig : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Articles Sønderjylland, Sydslesvig, from Wikipedia Danish edition Nordschleswig 1840-1920, from Schleswig-Holstein von A bis Z, in German A. Sach, Das Herzogtum Schleswig in seiner Ethnographischen und nationalen Entwickelung (1907) in German, posted on Internet Archive F. Bajer, A serious drama of modern history : how Danish Slesvig was lost : a peep behing the veiled scenes of diplomacy, and a warning (1897), posted on Internet Archive Article : Sønderjylland (Historie), from Den Store Danske, in Danish |
| Duchy of Holstein |
| Duchy of Lauenburg |
Article Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, from Wikipedia Articles Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg, from Wikipedia German edition Lauenburg, from Schleswig-Holstein von A bis Z, in German |
| City of Lübeck |
For Lübeck (city), see under Lübeck |
| other |
Article Dithmarschen : History,
Nordfriesland : History,
Heligoland : History, from Wikipedia Articles Fürstentum Lübeck, Fehmarn : Geschichte, Alsen : Geschichte, Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg, Holstein-Pinneberg, Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben, Dithmarschen : Geschichte, Nordfriesland : Geschichte, from Wikipedia German edition Articles Kreis Nordfrisland : Historie, Kreis Dithmarschen, from Wikipedia Danish edition Das Fürstentum Lübeck (The Principality of Lübeck), from AGGSH, in German Danish Wadden Sea Islands Brede Å and Vidåen, Sylt, Wiedingharde, Amrum, Föhr, Halligen, Bökingharde, Nordergosharde, Südergosharde, Nordstrand, Pellworm, Eiderstedt, Norderdithmarschen, Süderdithmarschen, from Lancewad Plan Dithmarschen, Nordschleswig 1840-1920, Lauenburg, Fürstbistum Lübeck, Wagrien, Polabien, from Schleswig-Holstein von A bis Z, in German |
| Institutions |
Article University of Kiel,
Kiel Canal, from Wikipedia Structurae : Schleswig-Holstein H. Ratjen, Geschichte der Universität zu Kiel (1870) in German, posted on Internet Archive |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
Biographisches Lexikon für Schleswig-Holstein und Lübeck |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
List of Dukes / Grand Dukes, from World Statesmen
(Ben Cahoon) |
| Lists of Bishops |
Article : Liste der Bischöfe von Lübeck,
Liste der Bischöfe von Ratzeburg,
Liste der Bischöfe von Schleswig,
from Wikipedia German edition |
| Population Figures |
Germany, Historical Demographical Data of the Administrative Divisions Before 1950, from
Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer Population Holstein 1812-1866, Lauenburg 1815-1875, Schleswig-Holstein 1867-1914, from HGIS |
| Economic Statistics |
Schleswig-Holstein, Production of
Lignite,
Steel, 1867-1914, posted by HGIS |
| Election Results |
Reichstagswahlen bis 1918, from Wahlen in Deutschland Preussen : Provinz Schleswig-Holstein, from Wahlen in der Weimarer Republik, in German |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Schleswig-Holsteinische
Blätter für 1835 [-1840], in German, GB Schleswig-Holsteinische Anzeigen , 1838-1869, in German, GB |
| Modern Newspapers |
| Staatskalender |
Links, from GenWiki |
| Newsreels |
British Pathe Wochenschau-Archiv (in German) Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch) |
| Image Databanks |
Ansichtskarten Schleswig Holstein, from
Akpool.de, commercial site Historische Fotografien von Sylt Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikimedia Commons |
| Archival Deposits |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Verfassungen von Schleswig-Holstein (Constitutions of S.-H.),
from Verfassungen.eu, in German |
| Document Collections |
R. Schleiden, Aktenstücke zur neuesten Schleswig-holsteinischen Geschichte (1851) in German, posted on
Internet Archive Urkundensammlung der Schleswig-holstein-lauenburgischen Gesellschaft vol.1 (1839, GB), vol.2 (1842), vol.3, (1875), vol.4, (1874), in German, posted on Internet Archive F. Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein, Aufzeichnungen des Prinzen Friedrich von Schleswig-holstein-noer Zus den Jahren 1848 bis 1850 (1851) in German, posted on Internet Archive N.H. Heldvad, Nicolaus Helduader's Chronik der Stadt Schleswig: Vom Jahre 1603 bis zum .. (1822) in German, posted on Internet Archive Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte, Quellensammlung (1862) in German, posted on Internet Archive Samvirkende Sønderjyske Foreninger, Manuel historique de la question du Slesvig: documents, cartes, pieces (1907) in French, posted on Internet Archive La question et la polemique dano-allemandes a propos des duches de Slesvig (1866), posted on Internet Archive |
| Individual Documents |
Schleswig-Holstein, from
Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900, in German House Laws of Oldenburg, from Heraldica, site in English, laws in German Denkschrift über den grossen Norddeutschen Kanal zwischen Brunsbüttler Koog an der Elbe und dem Kieler Hafen. Hrsg. von dem Kieler Committee f?r den Kanalbau (Memorandum on the Great North German Canal between Brunsbüttel Koog on the Elbe and the Port of Kiel)(1865),online book in German, posted by DTBSWS Durchstich der Holsteinischen Landenge zwischen Ostsee und Nordsee (Perforation of the Holstein Isthm between North Sea and Baltic Sea) (1863), online booklet in German, posted by DTBSWS Der Elbe -Trave-Kanal. Zur Eröffnungsfeier am 16. Juni 1900 (The Elbe Trave Canal; On the Opening Ceremony on June 16th 1900) (1900), online booklet, in German; posted by DTBSWS Lohse, Ernst Theodor: Das dänische Reichsbank-Geld in den Herzogthümern Schleswig-Holstein. Eine Petition der Bürger und Einwohner Rendsburgs an die sechste Holsteinische Ständeversammlung. (The money issued by the Danish National Bank. A Petition of the Burghers of Rendsburg to the 6th Gathering of the Holstein Estates)(1846) online book in German, posted by DTBSWS Runde, Karl G.: Statistik der Moore in der Provinz Schleswig-Holstein incl. Lauenburg (Statistcs of Moors in the Province Schleswig Holstein with Lauenburg), (1880), online book in German, posted by DTBSWS Sartori, August: Kiel und der Nord-Ostsee-Kanal (Kiel and the Kiel Canal) (1891), online book in German, posted by DTBSWS T. Twiss, On the relations of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein to the crown of Denmark and the Germanic Confederation, and on the treaty-engagements of the great European powers in reference thereto (1848), posted on Internet Archive An old Englishman's opinion on Schleswig-Holstein and Germany, being a practical evidence for the justice of their cause, given after a 50 years' residence in Germany (1864), posted on Internet Archive O. von Wenckstern, Memoir on the constitutional rights of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, presented to Viscount Palmerston by Chevalier Bunsen, on the 8th of April 1848; published with M. de Gruner's Essay on the Danish Question and all the official documents, 1848, GB C.F. Wegener, Om den evige forbindelse mellem Slesvig og Danmark i statsretlig henseende , 1848, in Danish, GB Landwirtschaftliches Adressbuch Schleswig-Holstein 1950, in German, GenWiki Digital Library |
| Historical Maps |
WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Schleswig-Holstein Page Schleswig-Holstein 1730, from Thomas Höckmann, maps, links, in German Map of Altona 1887, Flensburg and Environs 1887, Hamburg, Altona and Wandsbek 1894, Kiel 1906, from Discus Media City Panoramas 1750, from Historic Maps, click Glueckstadt Map Schleswig-Holstein 1887 (Meyer 5th ed.), from Hic Leones Lübeck, Oldenburg in Holstein, Ratzeburg, from Historic Maps Language Map Schleswig (Andrees Handatlas 6th edition 1914), posted by M. Witkam |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Articles Schleswig-Holstein (city),
Schleswig (state),
Schleswig-Holstein-Question,
Kiel,
Altona,
Flensburg,
Apenrade,
Hadersleben,
Fehmarn, from EB 1911 Articles Schleswig-Holstein, Schleswig, Kiel, Flensburg, Sonderburg, Alsen, Hadersleben, Apenrade, Tondern, Nordostseekanal, Nordfriesland, Sylt, Pellworm, Nordstrand, Eiderstedt, Dithmarschen, Rendsburg, Helgoland, Eckernförde, Itzehoe, Oldesloe, Altona, Lauenburg, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892, posted by Retro Bib, in German Articles Schleswig-Holstein, from Brockhaus Konversationslexikon 1894-1896, posted by Retro Bib, in German Duchy of Sleswick, p.281, Duchy of Holstein p.281, Duchy of Lauenberg [!] p.281 in A. Harris, A geographical hand book, 1862, GB |
| Religious |
Article Schleswig, from Catholic Encyclopedia 1907 |
| Economic |
Sleswick, pp.220-223 in vol.4 pt.1 of J.M. Demeunier,
Economie politique et diplomatique, 1788, in French, GB J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Altona, Holstein, Kiel, posted by DTBSWS |
| Political |
Du Duc Souverain de Sleswig-Holstein, pp.576-577 in vol.2 of J.R. de Missy, Le
Ceremonial diplomatique des cours de l' Europe, 1739, in French, GB |
| Geographical |
| Historical |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
Schleswig-Holsteinische Archive Article Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein, from Wikipedia German edition Landsarkivet for Sønderjylland |
| Musea |
Schloss Gottorf Museen in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg Museum Sønderjylland |
| Monuments |
Schleswig-Holstein, from
Monumente Online |
| Libraries |
Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbibliothek Fabian-Handbuch : Bibliotheken in Schleswig-Holstein |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Historical Flags, SLH, from FOTW;
Coat of Arms, from International Civic Heraldry;
from Hic Leones |
| Coins |
Schleswig-Holstein coin of 1796, from Napoleonic Medals Search Coin Archives for Schleswig, Holstein, Schleswig-Holstein, Eutin, |
| Stamps |
Schleswig-Holstein Stamps, from Stamps Catalogue by Evert Klaseboer |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
| on Schleswig-Holstein |
Schleswig-Holsteinische Bibliographie Schleswig-Holstein, from BibScout |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| on Schleswig-Holstein |
| Online Journals | on Schleswig-Holstein | contents online |
| General Accounts |
Otto Brandt, Geschichte Schleswig-Holsteins, Kiel : Walter G. Mühlau 1925 [G] Peace Handbooks issued by the Historical Section of the Foreign Office : Vol.35, Schleswig-Holstein, 1920, 108 p. [G] |
| Handbook / Encyclopedia Entries |
Territorien-Ploetz : Geschichte der Deutschen Länder, Vol.1, Würzburg 1964, in German [G] |
