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| Jammu & Kashmir (India) |
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Azad Kashmir |
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In 1947 the British withdrew from India. The political visions of the Muslim League (a Muslim State in India called Pakistan, with
Punjab, Kashmir and Sindh as core areas) and of the Indian National Congress (a
Republic of India comprising of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, unpartitioned India) conflicted. Both the Muslim League and the
Indian National Congress regarded India's 500+ princely states as remnants of a feudal past. The Maharaja of
Jammu & Kashmir (a Hindu) opted for the
Republic of India, much to the surprise of many of the Muslim inhabitants of
Jammu & Kashmir, which made up the overwhelming majority of the population. Political upheaval followed, with the opponents of the Maharaja being supported by Pakistani forces, the princely administration by the Indian forces; Jammu & Kashmir was partitioned, separated by the Line of Control (1948). Several Indo-Pakistani Wars (1965, 1971) and the actions of guerillas called liberation fighters by one, terrorists by the other side, have failed in changing the political map in Jammu & Kashmir. The Pakistani-administrated part of Jammu & Kashmir was partitioned in two : Azad (Jammu and) Kashmir, and the Federally Administrated Northern Areas (FANA, also called Gilgit-Baltistan). Formally, FANA is not part of Pakistan, but a separate area. When the Election Commission of Pakistan describes the territory of Pakistan as comprising "the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, North-West Frontier and Balochistan, the Islamabad Capital Territory i.e. the Federal Capital, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATAs) and such states and territories as are or may be included in Pakistan whether by accession or otherwise", Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administrated Northern Areas may be interpreted as "such states and territories as are or may be included in Pakistan whether by accession or otherwise". During the 1950s and 1960s, FANA was frontier area where military concerns took precedent over civilian matters. The issue of Jammu & Kashmir remains unresolved, as Pakistan regards the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir as illegally occupied by the Republic of India, while the Republic of India regards Azad Jammu & Kashmir and FANA as illegally occupied by Pakistan. The Federally Administered Northern Areas in 2009 were renamed Gilgit-Baltistan, and granted political autonomy. Organizations rejecting the territory being part of Pakistan refer to it as Balawaristan. Timeline : Jammu & Kashmir Historical Atlas : Jammu & Kashmir, British India, India, Pakistan Pages |
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DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES as the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) are disputed territory, users are advised to use discretion, as many of the sources linked below are biased in one way or another. The webmaster of WHKMLA is not responsible for the content of external websites. For sources which treat FANA as part of the region of (Jammu and) Kashmir, see pre-partition Jammu and Kashmir, Azad Kashmir and (Indian) Jammu and Kashmir. |
| Country Profiles |
Articles Gilgit-Baltistan,
Balawaristan, from Wikipedia Gilgit-Baltistan, from UNPO |
| Links |
Category : Gilgit-Baltistan, from Wikipedia Kashmir Virtual Library |
| Organizations |
Kashmir Study Group |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Timelines |
| Accounts of History | Current |
Article : Gilgit-Baltistan : History, from Wikipedia |
| Historical |
| Specific Periods |
Article : History of Ladakh, from Wikipedia |
| Politics |
Senga H. Sering, Pakistan's Divide and Rule Policy
in Gilgit-Baltistan, IPCS 2009 |
| Military |
Articles Line of Control,
Kargil War, from Wikipedia Gilgit-Baltistan, from Pakistan Conflict Monitor Shigar Fort Residence, Baltistan, from AKDN |
| Economy & Finances |
| Social History |
| Ethnography |
Article : Burusho,
Dard People,
Wakhi People,
Balti Language, from Wikipedia |
| Religion |
Jammu & Kashmir, Distribution of Religions, from
Kashmir Study Group |
| Local History |
Article : Dardistan,
Hunza (Princely State),
Gilgit : History,
Nagar Valley : History, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
History, from Karakoram International University, Gilgit |
| Culture |
| Biographies |
| Others |
Article Simla Agreement (1972), from Wikipedia Jennifer Crook, War in Kashmir and its Effect on the Environment, ICE Case Studies 1998, Samantha Hulkower, Kashmir: Melting Glaciers, Boiling Conflicts, ICE Case Studies 2007 |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon), scroll down |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Pakistan, by State (Province), from Population Statistics,
by Jan Lahmeyer |
| Election Results |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
| Modern Newspapers |
Gilgit-Baltistan Times, since 2009 Dardistan Times |
| Image Databanks |
| Archival Deposits |
Search National Archives (UK) Search Janus |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
| Document Collections |
Balawaristan Documents, from Balawaristan.Net Memory of the World Register : Gilgit Manuscripts, from UNESCO |
| Historical Maps |
Location of places in Azad Kashmir, from TAGEO Maps, from Kashmir Study Group Kashmir, from Asian Linguistic Maps Map, from Kashmir Heritage Maps of Balawaristan, from Balawaristan.Net |
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Historic Encyclopedia Articles |
Article : Dardistan,
Gilgit,
Hunza,
Ladakh and Baltistan,
from EB 1911, posted by Classic Encyclopedia |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Residence Memoirs |
| Institutions | Archives |
| Musea |
| Monuments |
Indian Cemeteries, entry for Gilgit |
| Libraries |
National Library of Pakistan |
| Official Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of the Islamic Republic of Gilgit, 1947, from FOTW |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database |
| on Gilgit-Baltistan |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies Gallica Search DBNG for Bengalen etc. |
| on Gilgit-Baltistan |
Tibetan & Himalayan Digital Library Pakistan Research Repository Fouq Library, articles on the Kashmir Issue Indcat, Online Uinion Catalogue of Indian Universities, from INFLIBNET, click Union Database Digital Library of India History of India Digital Library Books, from Balawaristan.Net |
| Online Journals |
| Online Yearbooks |
| General Accounts |
| Specific Topics |
| Yearbooks |
