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Lower Burma was an independent political entity from 1287 to 1539 (Mon Dynasty, capital first at Martaban, then at Pegu),
and again 1550-1553 and 1740-1757. In 1539 and 1553 subjected by the Toungoo Dynasty (Burma). Pegu served as the capital of Burma 1553-1640, but then the capital was moved to Ava, further up the Irawaddy River. In 1740 Lower Burma rebelled and Pegu again served as capital, until it was finally conquered by King Alaungpaya, the founder of the Konbaung Dynasty (Burma). From 1852 to 1886 Lower Burma, now under British rule (Bengal Presidency), again was separated from Upper Burma. Western sources of the 18th and 19th century rarely use the term Burma, much more frequently Pegu and Ava. This page focusses on the Kingdom of Hanthawaddy / Pegu 1740-1757 and on the Pegu appearing in western sources of the 18th and 19th centuries. Europeans referred to the Kingdom of PEGU after its capital. The Wikipedia instead uses the term "Second Kingdom of Hanthawaddy" (see under entries in Biography section). Sources published after Pegu lost its independence in 1757 keep referring to the state as the Kingdom of Pegu (as opposed to the Empire of Ava / Burma, to which it belonged). Historical Atlas : Burma Page List of Wars : Burma Students' Paper : Choi, Eun Suk, History of Buddhism in South East Asia |
