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V.O.C. |
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The Kingdom of Ternate rivalled with other regional polities (Tidore) over thalassocracy in and around the Celebes Sea.
In the late 15th century conversion to Islam; hence Sultanate of Ternate. Facing the threat posed by the Portuguese,
Ternate allied with the V.O.C., which over the years was to exert an ever more dominating influence.
In 1778 and again in 1914 the Sultan of Ternate was deposed by the Dutch. From 1800 to 1949 the Sultanate of Ternate was within the
sphere of influence of the Dutch East Indies. The territory of the sultanate in 1949 was annexed into the
Republic of Indonesia. successor states : Sultanate of Buton former territories : Minahasa Alternative spellings : Ternate, Terrenate |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | Current |
Article : Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Ternate as a Colony, from Far Outliers Ternate Sultanate, from Melayu Online Ternate Travel Guide, from Route 66 |
| Historical |
F.S.A. de Clercq, Ternate : The Residency and its Sultanate
(Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate), trsl. by P.M. Taylor of the 1890 Dutch original, posted by Smithsonian Institution Library Antonio de Morga, The Philippine Islands, Moluccas, Siam, Cambodia, Japan, and China, at the Close of the Sixteenth Century, Engl. trsl. 1868, IA |
| Links, on History |
| Portals |
Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog |
| Organizations |
Ternate Heritage Society [despite English language title, in Bahasa Indonesia] Museum Maluku, Utrecht, NL; homepage in Dutch/Bahasa Indonesia Landelijke Steunpunt Educatie Molukkers (LSEM) Siwalima (Site of Moluccan exile organization) |
| Timelines |
Search Google News Archive for Ternate, click Timeline Timeline of Indonesian History, from Sejarah Indonesia , 11 sub-timelines, illustrated, very detailed |
| Accounts of History | History of the Celebes Sea |
Adrian B. Lapian, Laut Sulawesi : The Celebes Sea, from
Center to Peripheries, pp.3-16 in Moussons 7 2003 Esther Velthoen, Sailing in Dangerous Waters : Piracy and Raiding in Historical Context (Tobelo piracy), IIAS Newsletter No.36 2005 |
| History of the Moluccas |
Geschiedenis van de Molukken, from indonesie.nl, in Dutch Articles : Amboina, Residentie, Ambon, Geschiedenis, from Wikipedia Dutch Edition Jennifer Leith, Resettlement and Restless Tree Spirits : Shifting Identities and Resource-based Livelihoods in North Halmahera, Cakalele vol.10 pp.62-76 F.S.A. de Clerq, Ternate. The Residency and its Sultanate (1890 text, translated into English), 264 pp., Smithsonian Institution Library Digital Collection; the same, Bijdragen tot de kennis der residentie Ternate (1890, in Dutch), posted on Internet Archive H.O. van der Linden, Banda en zijne verwoners (1873, in Dutch), posted on Internet Archive T.J. Willer, J.P. Cornets de Groot van Kraaijenburg, Het eiland Boeroe: zijne exploitatie en halfoersche instellingen (1858, in Dutch), posted on Internet Archive |
| History of Ternate |
Article : Sultanate of Ternate Ternate, Brief History, from Royal Ark Das Sultanat Ternate auf den Molukken, from Indonesien-Portal, in German Ternate, from almanach.be; site requiring registration |
| Specific Periods |
The Spanish Presence in the Moluccas : Ternate and Tidore,
The Portuguese in the Moluccas and in the Lesser Sunda Islands,
from Colonial Voyage, by Marco Ramerini David Henley, A Superabundance of Centers : Ternate and the Contest for North Sulawesi, Cakalele 4 1993 pp.39-60, posted by Scholar Space Elke Timme, A Presença Portuguesa nas Ilhas das Moluccas 1511 - 1605, students' paper, English abstract Arnold van Wickeren, Geschiedenis van Portugal en van de Portugezen Overzee. Deel 5, Chapter 4 : De Molukken en de Banda Eilanden. De Specerijen Eilanden in het Begin van de 16de Eeuw, De Specerijen Eilanden Bereikt, Deel 6, Chapter 4, Expansie van het Imperio Portugues 1515-1521 : subchapter 4, De Molukken en de Kleine Soenda Eilanden, Deel 3, Chapter 3 : De ontwikkeling in het Verre Oosten 1522-1536, De Molukken en de Kleine Soenda Eilanden, Deel 12 Chapter 6 : De Molukken onder Portugees Bestuur 1540-1558, posted on Colonial Voyage, in Dutch Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola, Histoire de la conquete des Isles Moluques par les Espagnols vol.2, 1706, vol.3, 1706, in French, GB; Engl. trsl. by John Stevens, The discovery and conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands, 1708, GB |
| Historiography |
J.D.M. Platenkamp,
Tobelo, Moro, Ternate : The Cosmological Valorization of Historical Events, Cakalele 4 1993 pp.61-89 Ch.7 : Knowing Your Place : Representing Relations of Precedence and Origin on the Buru Landscape, by Barbara Dix Grimes Charles H. Zuber, Islands of the Imagination. Representations of the Spice Islands from Pre-Colonial to Post-Colonial Times, Diss. Griffith Univ. 2005 Leonard Y. Andaya, Centers and Peripheries in Maluku, Cakalele 4 1993 pp.1-23 |
| Administrative History |
F. Watuseke, Hukum and other administrative terms in the
languages of Minahasa, BTLV 142 1986 pp.314-324 |
| Relations with the Dutch |
Hendrik Niemeijer, A Feigned Peace ? Maritime Power and Ritual Diplomacy in the Relations
Between the Sultanate of Ternate and the Dutch East India Company, 1700-1750, Abstract AAS Meeting 2000, Interarea Sessions, Session 195 Chelsie Vandaveer, How did the Dutch Control the Spice Islands ? , from Killer Plants |
| Dependencies |
Papua : Historical Developments,
from Indonesian Embassy Canberra Article : Minahasa : History, from Wikipedia Article : Ceram : History, from Wikipedia Article : Buru : History, from Wikipedia Article : Halmahera : History, from Wikipedia Article : Morokai : History, from Wikipedia Article : Bacan : History, from Wikipedia Netherlands New Guinea : Early Administration and the War, from Papua Web |
| Military |
Smith Alhadar, The Forgotten War in North Maluku, Inside Indonesia
1999 Muridan S. Widjojo, Cross-Cultural Alliance-Making and Local Resistance in the Moluccas during the Revolt of Prince Nuku, c.1780-1810, diss. Leiden 2007 CNWS / MHM : Ethnic Soldiering and its Impact 1995 Netherlands East Indies : Molucca Island Insurrection 1817, from ACED Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola, Histoire de la conquete des Isles Moluques par les Espagnols vol.2, 1706, vol.3, 1706, in French, GB; Engl. trsl. by John Stevens, The discovery and conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands, 1708, GB |
| Economy & Finances |
Cynthia Gladen, Cloves Leonard Y. Andaya, Local Trade Networks in Maluku in the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries, Cakalele 2/2 1991 pp.71-96 Molucca and the Banda Seas pp.738-751, Passage from the Strait of Macassar between Mindanao and Celebes, into the Pacific Ocean : Moluccas pp.583-590, Gillolo Passage pp.639-649, from James Horsburgh, The India Directory : Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, vol.2 1852, posted by Internet Archive |
| Ethnography, Social History |
WHO Mission Report : Rapid Assessment of Mental Health Needs
of Displaced Persons in Bitung /Manado, Indonesia 2001 Ternatan/Tidorese - History and Cultural Relations, from Every Culture Gary Holton, Annotated Bibliography of Language and Language Use in North and Central Maluku 2006 Resources in and about the Ternate Language, from Languages Archive |
| Religion |
Beyond the Religious Conflicts of North Maluku,
Pt.III Indonesia, from Reformiert Online Geredja Indjili Maluku (Moluccan Protestant Church); text in Dutch Politics, Ritual and Identity in Indonesia. A Moluccan History of Religion and Social Conflict, by F. Adeney Risakotta Diss. 2005 C. van Fraassen, Islam in de Molukken 2003 |
| Local History |
Nona Mewar, The Wanderings of Sultan Hairun Jamil Tomagola, from
oldmaluku.net |
| Institutions |
| Culture |
Traditional Dance : Maluku, from Petra Christian University Amat Juhari, The Origin and Spread of the Jawi Script 2008 Kees Groeneboer, The Dutch Language in Maluku under the V.O.C., Cakalele 5 1994 pp.1-10 J. Collins, Language Death in Maluku. The Impact of the V.O.C., BTLV 159 (2003) pp.247-289 |
| Biographies |
Sultan Mudzafar II Syah of Ternate, from
Kingdoms of Indonesia (blog) Article : Andres Urdaneta, from Catholic Encyclopedia Pirate Encyclopedia by Arne Zuidhoek |
| Others |
P. Labrousse,
Ternate et Tidore. Notes de voyage, Archipel 1990, in French Roy Ellen, The Human Consequences of deforestation in the Moluccas (1997) |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
Indonesia : Princely States : Ternate, from
World Statesmen |
| Statistical Data | Population Statistics |
Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden for Ternate |
| Others |
Nick Habermehl, List of V.O.C. Shipwrecks, from Treasure Net |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten - historisch, from startpagina.nl Dutch language site Search Archief Leeuwarder Courant (1752-) in Dutch Search Digitaal Krantenarchief at Regionaal Archief Leiden, in Dutch Search Papers Past (New Zealand Newspapers 1839-1920) Search Newspapers SG (Singapore Newspapers 1831-2006) Historic Australian Newspapers 1803-1954 |
| Image Databanks |
Search Geheugen van Nederland voor Ternate;
Search Tropenmuseum for Ternate; site in Dutch Category : Maluku Islands, from Wikimedia Commons Atlas of Mutual Heritage, search for Ternate |
| Archive Deposits | Inventories |
H.M. Ambary,
les Manuscrits anciens et les vestiges epigraphiques de Ternate et Tidore, Archipel 1982, in French Memories van Overgave, from IDC Publishers; pdf file contains table of contents which lists Ternate E. Schwidder, E. Vermeij, Guide to the Asian Collections at the International Institute of Social History (IISG 2007) [400 page file] |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Adatrechtbundels, ed. by KITLV, Serie Q :
Het Ternate-Archipel, posted by Papua Web (scroll down) |
| Treaties |
J.E. Heeres (ed.), Corpus Diplomaticum Neerlando-Indicum, Verzameling van politieke contracten en verdere Verdragen door de
Nederlanders in het Oosten gesloten, van Privilegiebrieven aan hen verleend, enz.,
vol.1 1907, covering 1596-1650, posted on Internet Archive;
here English-language ToC |
| Document Collections |
BGNMA : Tiele, Pieter Anton; Heeres, Jan Ernst (ed.), Bouwstoffen voor de geschiedenis der Nederlanders in den Maleischen Archipel
Pt.1, 1886 : Outer Possessions 1612-1624,
posted by Internet Archive, in Dutch; here English-language ToC;
Pt.2, 1890 (ONGOI 2 vol.2) : Outer Possessions 1624-1640,
posted by Aceh Books, in Dutch; here English-language ToC Heeres, J.E. (ed.), Pt.3 1895 (ONGOI 2 vol.3), Outer Possessions 1640-1649, posted by Internet Archive, here English-language ToC |
| Individual Documents | History Accounts |
Bartolome Juan Leonardo de Argensola
(1562-1631), Conquista de la Islas Malucas, al Rey Felipe Tercero,
nuestro senor, (1891) posted on Internet Archive |
| Individual Documents | Historical Correspondence |
Letters from Ternate and Delli, Timor [by A.R. Wallace, 1861], posted by
The Alfred Russell Wallace Page C.O. Blagden, Two Malay Letters from Ternate in the Moluccas, written in 1521 and 1522, 1930 School of African and Oriental Studies, posted by jstor |
| Individual Documents | Memoirs |
Frans Machielsen, Afscheid van Ternate (1949), from Veteranen Online,
in Dutch |
| Historical Maps |
Images : Former Dutch East Indies, from
Farelli's Stories and Information Site; scroll down for Moluccas, Ternate Spanish map of Ternate, Tidore etc. (1764), posted by Colonial Voyage Atlas of Mutual Heritage, search for Ternate Map : INDONESIA- Earthquakes through history - Papua, Maluku and North Maluku, from UN Maps of Ternate, posted by Mapas Imperiales, scans, scroll down for Imperio de Ternate Atlas of Mutual Heritage, search for Ternate |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Secular |
Article : Halmahera,
Moluccas,
Ternate, from EB 1911 Article : Gilolo, or Halmahora, from American Cyclopaedia 1873 |
| Religious |
Ostindien, pp.677-696 in vol.2 of C.Fr. Staeudlin,
Kirchliche Geographie u. Statistik, 1804, in German, GB |
| Economic |
Ternate p.407 in W. Milburn, Oriental Commerce, or,
The East India Trader's Complete Guide, 1825, GB |
| Geographical |
Article : Ternate, pp.388-390 in vol.8 of A.A. Bruzen de la Martiniere,
Le Grand Dictionnaire Geographique et Critique, 1738, in French, GB Ternate, pp.633-634 in vol.1 of W. Hamilton, The East Indian Gazetteer , 1828, GB Ternate, pp.341-342 in Ph.P. Roorda van Eysinga, Aardrijksbeschrijving van Nederlandsch Indië, 1838, in Dutch, GB Ternataansche Eilanden, pp.83-94 in vol.11 of A.J. van der Aa, Aardrijkskundig Woordenboek der Nederlanden, 1848, in Dutch, GB Article : Ternate (p.430f), from John Crawfurd, A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands & Adjacent Countries 1856, posted on Internet Archive |
| on History |
Ternate, p.117 in vol.1 of Th. Salmon,
Modern History or the Present State of All Nations, 1744, GB Ternate, p.33 in A New History of the East-Indies , 1754, GB Ternate, pp.402-408 in vol.5 of F. de Marsy, Histoire Moderne des Chinois, des Japonnois, des Indiens &c., 1766, in French, GB Ternate, pp.326-327 in A.G. Contant d'Orville, Histoire des differens peuples du monde, 1770, in French, GB The Moluccas or Spice Islands p.386, in vol.2 of S. Maunder, The history of the world: comprising a general history, 1856, GB |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Staten Generaal Digitaal (Dutch Parliament, 1900-1994) Hansard (British Parliament) Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags 1867-1895, 1895-1918, 1918-1942 |
| Historical Travelogues |
Terrenate, p.358 in Voyage of Sir Francis Drake, ed. by J. Burney,
A Chronological History of the Discoveries in the South Sea Or Pacific Ocean, 1803, GB Pieter Bleeker, Reis door de Minahassa en den Molukschen archipel, vol.1, vol.2, 1856, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive |
| Institutions | Archives |
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL for Ternate |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flags of the Sultanate of Ternate, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
| Others |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) ISBN Database RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library |
| former colonial power |
Search DBNG for Ternate, Molukken |
| regional |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) Papua Bibliographies, from Papua Web |
| on the Moluccas |
Gary Holton, Annotated Bibliography of Language and Language Use in
North and Central Maluku 2006 Toko Buku Maluku, online bookstore specialized on Molukkan topics, books in Dutch or Bahasa Indonesia |
| Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
e-corpus Gallica Center for Research Libraries (CRL) Persee (French search engine) |
| former colonial power |
Narcis (server for theses from the Netherlands) |
| regional |
Theses, from Papua Web Philippines ELibrary |
| Online Journals | full text online |
Cakalele CAKALELE is a journal devoted exclusively to
publishing the results of research in and about Maluku, as well as the Maluku communities scattered through Indonesia and the Netherlands. Archipel, use Persee (French search engine) BTLV 1853-1908, 1950-2009 Moussons. Recherche en sciences humaines sur l'Asie du Sud-Est |
| General Accounts | On Southeast Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| On Indonesia, Dutch East Indies, the Moluccas |
| on Ternate |
| Specific Topics |
Pieter Bleeker, Reis door de Minahassa en den Molukschen archipel,
vol.1,
vol.2, 1856, in Dutch, posted on Internet Archive |
| Historical Atlasses |
Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G] |
| Encyclopedia Entries |
Article : Ternate, from : T.T. Bezemer, Beknopte Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië, 1921, p.556 [G] Article : Ternate, from : G.E.E. Gonggryp, Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië (1934) 1992 pp.1400-1402 [G] |
