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First posted on May 18th 2002, last revised on April 14th 2012







Vietnam was reunified in 1975, at the end of the Vietnam War. From 1954 to 1975, Vietnam was divided in two states, North Vietnam and South Vietnam. From 1863/1885 to 1954 Vietnam (divided into three regional entities - French Cochinchina 1863-1954, Annam 1885-1954 and French Tonkin 1885-1954) were, together with Laos and Cambodia, were part of French Indochina.
From 1802 to 1885 Vietnam was unified under the Nguyen Dynasty. However, contemporary sources continue to use the names of earlier political entities - Annam, Cochinchina, Tonkin (in various spelling varieties), all being used in reference to this unified Vietnam. From the 16th century to 1802, Vietnam was divided in Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina (Tonkin, Annam vassalls od China, Cochinchina a vassal of Annam. To the south of Cochinchina were the remnants of the Kingdom of Champa, the last parts of which were absorbed by Cochinchina in the late 18th century, while the Mekong Delta, until about the same time, belonged to Cambodia.

Historical Atlas : Vietnam Page, French Indochina
Timelines : Vietnam, Tonkin (incl. Dai Viet), Annam, Champa, Cochin China
List of Wars : Vietnam

Students' Paper : Son, Bo Kyung, The History of Persecution of the Buddhist Faith (2011)
Students' Paper : Jung, Jin Hwan, Comparative Analysis of Post-Colonial History : Algeria, Vietnam (2009)
Students' Paper : Choi, Eun Suk, History of Buddhism in South East Asia (2008)







E x t e r n a l . F i l e s
Country Profiles Links, Portals Organizations Accounts of History Politics Military History Economic History
Social History Ethnography History of Religion Regional History Local History Institutions Culture
Biography Others
D o c u m e n t s
Historical Data Documents Institutions National Symbols
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e
Bibliographies Online Libraries Online Journals General Accounts Specific Topics Historical Dictionaries Others



DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES
Country Profiles Current from Wikipedia
from CIA World Factbook Country : Vietnam
from BBC News (Vietnam)
from World Desk Reference (Vietnam)
Library of Congress Country Studies : Vietnam
Historic
Links General from Library of Congress, Portals to the World, from BUBL, from dmoz
List of Vietnam-related Topics, from Wikipedia
Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia
on History Virtual Library History : Vietnamunorganized
from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies
Historical Dictionary
Organizations International Association of Historians of Asia (IAHA)
Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies (JSSEAS)
The International Center for East Asian Archaeology and Cultural History (ICEAACH)
Finnish University Network for East and Southeast Asian Studies
Vietnamese Studies Group
Vietnam Center and Archive, at TTU
Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog
Ecole Français d'Extreme Orient, Hanoi Centre, Ho Chi Minh City Centre
Timelines Vietnamese Perspective Timeline, from Viet Touch
Other Perspective Timeline Vietnam, 1930-2002, from BBC News; another one from Ask Asia (206 BCE - 1073)
Vietnam until 1973, since 1974, from www.timelines.ws
Accounts of History Vietnamese Perspective History Excerpts, from Viet Touch
Vietnam History Overview, from Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government Web Portal
Learn about Vietnam : History of Vietnam, from Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the United States of America
Other Perspective History of Vietnam, from Lonely Planet, from Asia Tours, 6 chapters; from World Travel Guide, History of Vietnam, from Vietnam Tourism, 5 chapters, several sub-chapters
Article History of Vietnam, from Wikipedia; from Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World (Robert Winslow)
Specific Periods Stein Tønneson, Ho Chi Minh's First Constitution, 1946 1998
Historiography Vietnamese Perspective Vietnamese Historiography in the First Half of the 20th Century, from english.vista.gov.vn
on Vietnamese Perspective David G. Marr, Vietnamese historigraphy, past and present, NIAS Newsletter 2002
Claire Sutherland, Repression and Resistance ? French Colonialism as Seen through Vietnamese Museums
Joe P. Dunn, In Search of Lessons : The Development of a Vietnam Historiography Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly, 1979
Reviews : Christoph Giebel, Imagined Ancestries of Vietnamese Communism: Ton Duc Thang and the Politics of History and Memory, NUS 2001; L.H.T. Nguyen, Vietnamese Historians and the First Indochina War, Univ. of Kentucky no date; P.M. Pelley, Postcolonial Vietnam : New Histories of the National Past 2002
Other Perspective David Shidler, Vietnam's Changing Historiography : Ngo Dinh Diem and America's Leadership 2009
Vietnam Studies Group : Vietnam Related Panels and Paper Abstracts at the Association for Asian Studies Conference 1996
Politics General Political Resources on the Net : Vietnam; Governments on the Web : Vietnam
History of the Communist Party of Vietnam, from CPV (official source, partial)
Politics of Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Foreign Relations Article : Foreign Relations of Vietnam, PRC - Vietnam Relations, Cambodia-Vietnam Relations, from Wikipedia
List of Countries which Maintain Diplomatic Relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with Date of Establishment of Relations, from MOFA Vietnam
Military See here
Category Military History of Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Vietnam Service 1962-1973, from Naval Historical Center
CASCON Case CHV : China-Vietnam 1979-, by L.P. Bloomfield, L. Moulton
CASCON Case SPI : Spratly Islands, 1974-, by L.P. Bloomfield, L. Moulton
Economy & Finances A Global History of Currencies : Vietnam; Article Economy of Vietnam, from Wikipedia
The Political and Economic History of Vietnam, by Thayer Watkins
Search Company History, Funding Universe : Company Histories for Vietnam
Company Histories : Lam Son Sugar, from Funding Universe
Global Integrity : Vietnam 2006
Category : Enterprise Viet Nam, from Economy Point
Social History P.A. Nguyen, Dynamics of social inequality in Vietnam, Diss. Leiden 2006
Ethnography Languages of Vietnam (103), from Ethnologue
Minorities at Risk, scroll down for Vietnam - Chinese, Montagnards
List of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Country Report : Vietnam, from U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (Reports 1997-2004)
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Vietnam
The Chams : Survivors of a Lost Generation, from CPA Media
Article : Montagnard (Vietnam), from Wikipedia
R. Demarez, Les modes de vie dans les montagnes de l'Indochine française, Recueil des travaux de l'institut de geographie alpine Annee 1919 Volume 7 Numero 7-3 pp.453-561, in French, Persee
Article : Hmong People, from Wikipedia, from Wikipedia French edition
Article : Degar, from Wikipedia
Article : Boat People : Vietnamese Boat People, from Wikipedia
Vietka, Archive of Vietnamese Boat People
Religion Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Vietnam
History of Buddhism in Vietnam, by L. Clark, S. Brown
Religions in Vietnam, from Vietnamese Culture
Catholicism in Vietnam, by Dang Anh Tuan
Article Religion in Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, from Overview of World Religions
Catholic Church in Socialist Republic of Vietnam, from GCatholic
Ordo Fratrum Minorum, scroll down for Vietnamia
Le Manh That and Budden Gyoshi, Buddhism in Vietnam
History of Regions see Annam, Cochinchina, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Tonkin (Tonking)
Provinces of Vietnam, Districts of Vietnam, from www.statoids.com
Local History History of Saigon, from Yahoo Travel; from HVVT, from Wikipedia
History of Hue, from Wikipedia
History of Hanoi, from Wikipedia
History of Haiphong, from Wikipedia
Institutions Article Vietnam Railways, from Wikipedia
Article Media of Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Article Tan Son Nhat International Airport, from Wikipedia; Vietnam, from Airline History
History, from Vietnam National University
Structurae : Vietnam; Search Lighthouse Depot for Vietnam
Culture Article Vietnamese Language : History, from Wikipedia
Viet Nam Cultural Profile, from Cultural Profiles
Vietnam, from UK Food Online, a culinary history of Vietnam
Article Vietnam at the Olympics, from Wikipedia
Biographies Famous Vietnamese, from Nations Encyclopedia
Executions Today : Vietnam
Others Traces of the French in Hanoi, by Stanley Meister
Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Vietnam
Freemasonry in Vietnam, by Mark E. White
Disaster History by Country : Vietnam, from Relief Web; Category Disasters in Vietnam, from Wikipedia
Vietnam : History of the Third Sector, Vietnam : History of Philanthropy, from Philanthropy and the Third Sector in Asia and the Pacific
Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World : Vietnam
Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF

DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS
Historical Data Lists of Statesmen from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon), scroll down; from Rulers (B. Schemmel), scroll down
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated); Photos of Leaders of Vietnam, posted by Vern Weitzel (COOMBS)
Lists of Ambassadors U.S. Ambassadors to Vietnam, from NNDB; Chinese Ambassadors to Vietnam, from PRC MOFA; List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Vietnam, from Wikipedia; Liste der Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Hanoi (Vietnam), from Wikipedia German edition; Embajadores de Mexico en Vietnam, from Acervo Historico Diplomatico
List of Canadian Heads of Post, click Vietnam
Statistical Data Responsible Institution General Statistics Office of Vietnam
Population Figures Historical Population Statistics : Vietnam, from Population Statistics at Univ. Utrecht
City Population : Vietnam, from City Population
Historical Abortion Statistics, Vietnam, from Johnston's Archive
Estimates of Death Toll in Sino-Vietnamese War (1979), posted by Matthew White, scroll down for Sino-Vietnamese War
Statistics of Vietnamese Democide : Estimates, Calculations, and Sources, from Statistics of Democide by R.J. Rummel
Exchange Rates Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990
Documents Historical Newspapers Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers]
History of Vietnam, from World History Archives
Modern Newspapers links from World Newspapers
Newsreels British Pathe
Wochenschau-Archiv (in German)
Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch)
Image Databanks Systematic Collections
General
Archives nationales d'outre-mer, Base Ulysse, image base
Systematic Collections
Specialist
Vietnam Propaganda Posters, posted by Ron Gluckman
Propaganda Posters Vietnam Oorlog, posted by IISG, comment in Dutch
J. Rosenberg (ed.), Vietnam War Pictures (mostly U.S. side)
Wisconsin Historical Society, Vietnam War photographs by Dickey Chapelle
United States Coast Guard, Historian's Office : The Coast Guard in Vietnam : A Gallery of Historic Photographs
National Archives (U.S.), Teaching With Documents: The War in Vietnam - A Story in Photographs
Vietnam.Net, Historical Photos of Southern Vietnam's Liberation
Nguyen Tan Lac, Les images d'autrefois du Vietnam
M. Anderson, The Nostalgic Photos of Saigon (1975)
Accidental Collections Wikimedia Commons
Oriental Collections
Items on Vietnam
Asian Historical Architecture, a Photographic Survey
Universal Collections
Items on Vietnam
License Plates, from Francoplaque
from World License Plate
Passport, from World Passports
Historic Picture Postcards : Vietnam, from Postcardman
Airline Timetable Images : Vietnam
Archival Deposits Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (Mofa, NL ; enter "Vietrnam" in field : "Lijst samenstellen op land of regio", 4 entries; sources posted in Dutch language
U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, search for Vietnam
Search CIA Released Documents for Vietnam
Search ARCHIEVEN.NL for Vietnam
Mark Bradley, Robert K. Brigham, Vietnamese Archives and Scholarship on the Cold War Period : Two Reports, 1993
National Security Archive, search for Vietnam
Virtual Vietnam Archive, at TTU
Constitutions, Laws Laws of Vietnam 1991-
Internet Law Library : Vietnam
List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Vietnam, from ILO, 15 docs. since 1980
Treaties
Document Surveys British Library, Guide to Current South Asian Official Publications; scroll down for Vietnam
Document Collections Indochina - Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, Documents 1950-1964, from Avalon Project at Yale Law School
Documents : Vietnam, from CEAS at UCLA
Documents : Vietnam Wars, from Vietnam Wars Internet Project
Documents related to the Vietnam War, from Mt. Holyoke (has magazine articles from 1824 onward, documents from 1940 onward)
A Selection of Documents in Vietnamese History, translated into English (1945-1992), posted by Vern Weitzel (COOMBS)
Asia for Educators : Primary Sources with DBQs, Vietnam
Historical Maps responsible institutions Department of Survey and Mapping, Vietnam
information J.K. Whitmore, Cartography in Vietnam, pp.478-508 in J.B. Harley and D. Woodward (ed.), Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, vol.2 : Cartography in Korea, Japan and Vietnam, Chicago UP 1994
collections : Asia Historical Map Archive : Historical Maps of Asia
collections : Vietnam click WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Vietnam Page
Maps on Vietnamese History, posted by Vern Weitzel (COOMBS)
Vietnam Resources : Maps, from In Focus
Maps of Vietnam, posted by Mapas Imperiales, scans, scroll down for Vietnam
Cartotheque et Chronologie, from Dossier Indochine by Academie Rheims
Historical Maps Archive : Historical Maps of Indo-China
Indochine Souvenir : Cartes
V. Weitzel, Maps of Vietnamese History
Vietnam Maps, PCL, UTexas
Atlas of Vietnam, Wikimedia Commons
U.S. Military Academy, Vietnam War Maps
PRINT : J.M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of South-East Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]
Asia, Modern Maps : Eastern Hemisphere 550 B.C., 527 BC, 500 BC, 400 BC, 335 BC, 323 BC, 300 BC, 200 BC, 100 BC, 050 BC, 050 AD, 200 AD, 300 AD, 400 AD, 450 AD, 565 AD, 600 AD, 610 AD, 900 AD, 1000 AD, 1025 AD, 1100 AD, 1200 AD, 1300 AD, 1400 AD, 1500 AD, Asia 700 AD, 800 AD, by Thomas Lessman
Asia, Historical Asia : Güssefeld/Homann 1793, Güssefeld/Homann 1805, Schmidt/Schropp 1820, Herisson 1848, GDZ
Asia 1892, PCL, UTexas
Vietnam, Modern Map : Indochina, ethnolinguistic groups, 1970, from Perry Castaneda Library, UTexas
Map of Ethnic Groups in Vietnam, from IKAP - MMSEA
Indochina 1939, 1945, 1949, 1993, J. de Salas Vara del Rey
Vietnam, Contemporary
Detail, Modern Ho Chi Minh-Trail Map, from Ewectourism
Detail, Contemporary Annam 1906, 1938, Tong-King 1906, from Probert Encyclopedia
U.S. Army Map Service, Indochina and Thailand, 1:250,000, 1954-, PCL, UTexas
Parliamentary Debates
Tour Guides, Travelogues
Institutions Archives Easy Archive Trip : National Archives, Vietnam, by Julie Pham
Musea Articles Vietnam Museum of Revolution, Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, from Wikipedia
Monuments Tentative Lists : Viet Nam, World Heritage List, scroll down for Viet Nam; from UNESCO World Heritage
Vietnam Index, from Showcaves
Libraries National Library of Vietnam, page in Vietnamese
National Symbols Flags, Coats of Arms Flag, from FOTW
National Emblem, from Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Search Janus for Vietnam
Coins, Banknotes Banknotes of Vietnam, South Vietnam, French Indochina from World Currency Museum; of Vietnam, South Vietnam, French Indochina from Ron Wise's World Paper Money; Coins and banknotes of Vietnam and French Indochina, from Art Hanoi
Vietnamese Coinage, posted by Vladimir Belyaev
Annam and its minor currency, by Ed. Toda, online book
Coins, from Zeno

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliographies general Search ISBN Database
on Vietnam survey of bibliographies Vietnamese Studies Bibliographies (links), from Hmong Studies
bibliographic database National Bibliography of Vietnam, IFLA Entry
general bibliographies Cordier, Bibliotheca indo-sinica; essai d'une bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a la presqu'ile Indo-chinoise 1908, IA
Vietnam Resources : Books, Films, from In Focus
NNDB Bibliography Vietnam
Dissertations, from The Vietnam Center and Archive
Clio, Voyages Culturels : Bibliographie Vietnam
G. Boudarel, Guide de recherches sur le Vietnam : Bibliographie, Archives (2000)
D.G. Marr, World Bibliographical Series 147 : Vietnam, Oxford : Clio 1992 [G]
annual bibliographies National Bibliography of Vietnam 2010
specialist bibliographies Search Asian Development Bank (ADB) Publications for Vietnam
ASEAN Environmental Education Inventory Database, resources, scroll down for Vietnam
Books on Genocide and Related Topics in Vietnamese, from Prevent Genocide
Vietnam, Women's Study Bibliography, from UC Berkeley Library
Richard Jensen, Vietnam War Bibliography
Edwin E. Moise, Vietnam War Bibliography
serial publications New Asia Books : Vietnam
general bibliographies
Vietnam entries
South East Asia Dissertations, click Indo-China, Vietnam
Food and Culture (a bibliography), by R.T. Dirks, click on South East Asia
booksellers Books on Vietnam, from Orchid Press
Online Libraries general Google Books; Internet Archives; Gutenberg Library Online; HathiTrust; e-corpus
Gallica
Center for Research Libraries (CRL)
International Boundary Studies
on Vietnam National Library of Vietnam, Digital Library
South East Asia Digital Library (project)
South East Asia Visions, at Cornell
South East Asian Studies, Student Theses, from Ohio University
ISEAS Working Papers, Back Issues 2000-2003
Thesis Server National Library of Vietnam, Doctoral Theses (comment); abstracts of theses through National Library of Vietnam, Digital Library
Online Journals South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS; Vietnam Journals, from ELIN-NIAS; Search Electronic Journals Online for Indonesia
Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration)
ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008-
Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Univ. of California Press, 2007-, requires registration
Vietnamese Studies Newsletter, from Hmong Studies
Search Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly 1971- for Vietnam, Hanoi, Saigon
Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002-
Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extreme-Orient 1991-2003
Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese
Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii
Vietnam Journals Online (mostly in Vietnamese)
Historiography Article : Vietnamese Historiography, by S. McHale, pp.922-924, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G]
General Accounts Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c
Stanley Karnow, Vietnam : a History, Penguin (1985) 1991, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.704 K18v
Specific Topics Marvin E. Gettleman (ed.), Vietnam. History, Documents, and Opinions on a Major World Crisis, Grenwich : Fawcett Crest 1965 [G]
Allan R. Millett, A Short History of the Vietnam War, Bloomington : Indiana UP 1978 [G]
Phan Phat Huon, History of the Catholic Church in Vietnam, Vol.1 : 1533-1960, Long Beach : Cuu The Tung Thu 2000 [G]
Vietnam, pp.159-210, in : Eric R. Wolf, Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century, NY : Harper Torchbooks 1968 [G]
Historical Dictionaries William J. Duiker, Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Metuchen NJ : Scarecrow 1989, 269 pp. [G]
Spencer C. Tucker, The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War, A Political, Social & Military History, Oxford : UP 1998 [G]
Articles : Champa pp.115-117, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G]
Historical Atlasses Jan M. Pluvier, Historical Atlas of Southeast Asia, Leiden : Brill 1995 [G]
Statistical Data IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G]
Article : Vietnam, in : The World in Figures 2nd ed. 1978 pp.203-204, 4th ed. 1984 pp.203-205 [G]
Yearbook Entries Britannica Book of the Year 1977 pp.727-728, 1978 pp.725-726, 1979 pp.726-727, 1980 pp.724-726, 1981 pp.721-722, 1982 pp.723-724, 1983 pp.723-724, 1984 pp.723-724, 1985 pp.520-521, 731, 1986 pp.515-516, 811, 1987 pp.485-486, 779, 1988 pp.442-443, 731, 1989 pp.442-443, 731, 1990 pp.459-460, 747, 1991 pp.441-442, 732, 1992 pp.413-414, 732, 1993 pp.417-418, 749, 1994 pp.418-419, 749, 1995 pp.503, 749, 1996 pp.501-502, 749, 1997 pp.501-502, 747, 2002 pp.521-522, 764 [G]
Statesman's Year-Book 1976-1977 pp.1469-1477, 1978-1979 pp.1579-1585, 1979-1980 pp.1589-1595, 1980-1981 pp.1584-1590, 1981-1982 pp.1595-1601, 1983-1984 pp.1589-1595, 1984-1985 pp.1586-1592, 1985-1986 pp.1582-1588, 1986-1987 pp.1581-1586, 1987-1988 pp.1584-1589, 1988-1989 pp.1587-1592, 1989-1990 pp.1583-1588, 1990-1991 pp.1585-1590, 1991-1992 pp.1583-1588, 1992-1993 pp.1592-1597, 1993-1994 pp.1596-1601, 1994-1995 pp.1596-1601, 1995-1996 pp.1588-1594, 1996-1997 pp.1585-1591, 1997-1998 pp.1593-1599, 1998-1999 pp.1732-1739, 2000 pp.1936-1943, 2001 pp.1897-1903, 2002 pp.1964-1971, 2003 pp.1968-1975, 2004 pp.1991-1998, 2005 pp.2003-2010, 2006 pp.2003-2010 [G]
Americana Annual 1976 pp.588-591, 1988 pp.563-564, 1989 p.569, 1990 pp.553-554, 1992 pp.561-562, 1993 p.566, 1994 pp.566-567, 1998 pp.574-575, 2006 p.407 [G]
YB on Int'l Communist Affairs 1976 pp.388-430, 1978 pp.324-331, 1979 pp.293-305, 1980 pp.304-317, 1984 pp.280-287, 1988 pp.225-235, 1989 pp.273-283