Portugal | France |
|
The marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 was to create the dynastic union of
Castile and Aragon. The crowns of Castile and Aragon
permanently were united by their grandson, Carlos I.
(= Emperor Charles V., 1516-1556). Granada had been annexed by Castile
Upper Navarra in 1512. Carlos I.' son
Philip II. in 1561 moved his court from Toledo to Madrid, thus establishing it as the capital of Spain. To the outside, Spain appeared as a nation and power. However, the various regions constituing Spain (Castile, Aragon) and even regions within these, the Basque provinces, Catalonia, Valencia etc., maintained their own institutions and privileges. The Spanish kings of the Habsburg Dynasty (1516-1700) when ruling Spain, mainly relied on the support of Castile. Succession conflicts (War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714, Carlist Wars in the 19th century) as well as the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 made apparent the conflicting regional interests; most notably Catalonia and the Basque Provinces usually opposed the side in control of (most of) Castile. As Catalonia and the Basque Provinces were on the losing side, their privileges were cancelled, and thus Spain turned into a unitary state. Since the 16th century, Spain forbade the import of books. While this measure enabled church and state to suppress the Reformation, by 1800 the country economically was backward. Having lost most of its (hitherto vast) colonial empire in 1826, during the Industrialization Spain lagged behind other European nations. Among the reasons were the unbroken power of the Catholic Church, a wealthy elite owning most of the land, in the 19th century dysfunctional democracy and corruption. Serious attempts of reform were made during the Interbellum; when the Popular Front in 1936 formed a government, plans to restrict the power of the church and to implement a land reform caused the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) which was followed by the Franco Dictatorship (1939-1975). Immediately after Franco's death, Spain reintroduced the (constitutional) monarchy, transformed into a model democracy with minority rights, implemented decentralization, joined NATO and EU. Spain since 1975 . Spain 1959-1975 . Spain 1949-1959 . Spain 1945-1949 . Spain 1939-1945 . Spain 1936-1939 . Spain 1931-1936 . Spain 1923-1931 . Spain 1918-1923 . Spain 1914-1918 . Spain 1898-1914 . Spain 1849-1898 . Spain 1833-1849 . Spain 1814-1833 . Spain 1808-1814 . Spain 1789-1808 . Spain 1759-1788 . Spain 1714-1759 . Spain 1700-1714 . Spain 1659-1700 . Spain 1598-1659 . Spain 1556-1598 . Spain 1516-1556 Church Reform, Reformation see Castile, Aragon, Navarra, Leon, Granada Historical Encyclopedia Entries : Spain 1809-1902 Historical Atlas : Spain Page Wars of Spain Students' Papers : Shim, Soho, The Influence of China on the Development of Early Global Trade, and the Role of Silver (2013) Student's Paper : Yoon, Seong Heon, From Castile and Aragon to Spain, An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th and 16th Century (2011) Student's Paper : Cho, Naan, Comparative Culinary History : Italy and Spain (2011) Student's Paper : Choi, June Young, History of Rice Cultivation in Europe (2008) Student's Paper : Choi, Won Ho, History Shapes Men, Men Shape History : Francisco Franco, Jun 2008 Student's Paper : Cho, Namje, The War of Spanish Succession, 1701-1714, Nov. 2007 Student's Paper : Kim, Shin, History of the Spanish Falange, 1933-1939, April 2007 Student's Paper : Oh, Jinseok, Spain and World War I, 1914-1918, April 2007 |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | current |
from BBC Country Profiles;
from World Desk Reference ;
from Nations Encyclopedia;
from Wikipedia;
from Index Mundi;
from Eurodata;
from CIA World Factbook, countries - Spain Library of Congress, Country Studies : Spain |
historical |
H.D. Inglis, Spain in 1830, vol.1, 1831,
vol.2, 1831, GB L. Nonius, Hispania sive populorum, urbium, insularum ac fluminum .., 1609, in Latin, GB T.M. Hughes, Revelations in Spain 1845, vol.1, vol.2, 1845, IA S.T. Wallis, Spain: her institutions, politics, and public men, 1853, IA |
Links | General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL Library of Iberian Resources Online title catalogue, rich source List of Spain-Related Topics, from Wikipedia Virtual Library Spain |
on History |
from Virtual Library History;
from Virtual Library Labour History,
from Virtual Library Women's History,
from Virtual Library Economic and Business History,
from Straatvaart (on Hispano-Dutch History) Resources on European History : Spain and Portugal, from Carnegie Mellon Univ., numerous links European History Primary Sources : Spain, from Virtual Library History |
Historical Dictionaries |
Timelines |
Timeline of Spanish history until 1899,
from 1900, from timelines.ws;
from BBC News (since 1936) Timeline Spain's Siglo del Oro 1467-1700, by N. Boalch, Univ. of Durham |
Accounts of History | general, modern |
Article History of Spain, from Wikipedia Survey of Spanish History, from SiSpain |
general, historic |
Jean de Ferreras, Histoire generale d'Espagne
vol.1, 1751,
vol.2, 1751,
vol.3, 1751,
vol.5, 1751,
vol.6, 1751,
vol.7, 1751,
vol.8, 1751,
vol.9, 1751,
vol.10, 1751, in French, GB M.M. Busk, The history of Spain and Portugal from B.C. 1000 to A.D. 1814, 1833, GB M. Callcott, A short history of Spain, vol.1, 1835, vol.2, 1835, GB A. Beaumont, The history of Spain from the earliest authentic accounts to the present times, 1809, GB |
Specific Periods . . . 20th Century |
H. Rüdiger, The revolutionary movement in Spain,
1934, IA F.E. Manuel, The Politics of Modern Spain, 1938, IA A. Souchy, Spain : July 19, 1936 - July 19, 1937, 1937, IA Article : Second Spanish Republic, from Wikipedia Article : Spanish Civil War, from Wikipedia Article : Francoist Spain, from Wikipedia Article : Spanish Transition to Democracy, from Wikipedia Article : History of Spain (1975 to Present), from Wikipedia Article : The 2008-2012 Spanish Financial Crisis, from Wikipedia |
. . . 19th Century |
W. Walton, Spain ! : or, Who is the lawful successor to the throne ?
1834, GB F.F.G. Vaudoncourt, Letters on the internal political state of Spain: during the years 1821, 22 & 23, 3rd edition 1825, GB W. Walton, The revolutions of Spain, from 1808 to the end of 1836 vol.1, 1837, vol.2, 1837, GB E. Blaquiere, An historical review of the Spanish revolution, 1822, GB G. Pecchio, Journal of military and political events in Spain during the last twelve months , 1824, GB J.L.M. Curry, Constitutional government in Spain, 1889, IA H.B. Clarke, Modern Spain 1815-1898, 1906, IA M.A.Sh. Hume, Modern Spain 1788-1898, 1900, IA E.W. Latimer, Spain in the nineteenth century, 1897, IA Article : History of Spain (1814-1873), from Wikipedia Article : First Spanish Republic, from Wikipedia Article : Spain under the Restoration, from Wikipedia |
. . . 1516-1808 |
R. Watson, The history of the reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain,
1818, GB R. Watson, The history of the reign of Philip the Third, king of Spain, 1818, GB W. Coxe, Memoirs of the kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon : from the accession of Philip V. to the death of Charles III., 1700-1788, vol.1, 1815, vol.2, 1815, vol.3, 1815, vol.4, 1815, vol.5, 1815, 2nd ed., GB J.C. Dunlop, Memoirs of Spain during the reigns of Philip IV. and Charles II. from 1621 to 1700, vol.1 1834, vol.2, 1834, GB J.S. Elliott, Imperial Spain 1469-1716, 1963, IA R.Tr. Davies, The Golden Century Of Spain 1501-1621, 1961, IA M.A.Sh. Hume, Spain: Its Greatness and Decay (1479-1788), 1905, IA M.A.Sh. Hume, The court of Philip IV. Spain in decadence, 1907, IA Article : Enlightenment in Spain, from Wikipedia |
. . . until 15th Century |
J. Shakespear, The history of the Mahometan empire in Spain, 1816, GB Th. Bourke, A concise history of the Moors in Spain: from their invasion of that kingdom to their final expulsion from it 1811, GB W.H. Prescott, History of the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Catholic, of Spain, vol.1, 1868, vol.2, 1868, vol.3, 1838, GB Ch.R. Haines, Christianity and Islam in Spain (756-1031), IA J.A. Conde, History of the dominion of the Arabs in Spain, vol.2, 1909, vol.3, 1854, IA Ch.J.A. Hereford, The history of Spain: from the establishment of the colony of Gades by the Phoenicians to the death of Ferdinand, surnamed the Sage vol.1, 1793, vol.2, 1793, vol.3, 1793, GB |
Politics | links |
Political Resources on the Web : Spain;
Governments on the WWW : Spain Category : Politics of Spain, from Wikipedia; Categoria : Politica de Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
general |
Article : Politics of Spain, from Wikipedia;
Article : Politica de Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Institutions |
Article : Cortes Generales, from Wikipedia;
Article : Cortes Generales, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Parties, Movements |
Category : Political Parties in Spain, from Wikipedia;
Categoria : Partidos politicos
de Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Foreign Relations |
Category : Category : Foreign relations of Spain, from Wikipedia;
Categoria :
Relaciones internacionales de Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition H. Southern, Earl of Clarendon, Sequel of The policy of England towards Spain, 1837, GB W. Wordsworth, Concerning the relations of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal, to each other, and to the common enemy, 1809, GB A. de Miltitz, Manuel des Consuls, vol.2 pt.2 : Des Consulats a l'Etranger par les Principaux Etats de l'Europe et les Etats-Unis de l'Amerique du Nord, bk.3 : Etablissement des Consulats a l'Etranger, Section III : Espagne, pp.326-517, 1839, in French, GB |
Colonial Policy |
A.Fl. Estrada, An impartial examination of the dispute between Spain and her
American colonies, 1812, GB B. Moses, Spain's Declining Power in South America, 1730-1806, 1919, IA |
Military |
click here Article Military History of Spain, from Wikipedia Ph.H. Stanhope, History of the War of the Succession in Spain, 1836, GB J.Th. Jones, Account of the war in Spain, Portugal, and the south of France: from 1808 to 1814 inclusive, vol.1, 1821, vol.2, 1821, GB M. de Rocca, Memoirs of the war of the French in Spain, 1816, GB J.C. Moore, A narrative of the campaign of the British Army in Spain, 1809, GB J. Sarrazin, History of the war in Spain and Portugal, from 1807 to 1814, 1815 (GB) War Office Intelligence Division, The armed strength of Spain, 1883, IA O.C.D. Ross, Spain and the war with Morocco, 1860, IA |
Economy & Finances | general |
Article Economy of Spain, from Wikipedia;
Category Economy of Spain, from Wikipedia Global Integrity : Spain 2007 |
Economic History |
The Economic History of Spain, by Thayer Watkins M.A. Irigoin and R. Grafe, Bargaining for Absolutism : A Spanish Path to Nation State and Empire Building (2006) David Ringrose, Madrid and the Spanish Economy 1560-1850, detailed scholarly study, 13 chapters Leandro Padros de la Escosura, Assessing Economic Progress in Spain 1850-2000, IEHC 2006 G.C.E. Higgin, Commercial and industrial Spain, 1886, IA B. Moses, The economic condition of Spain in the sixteenth century , 1894, IA Article : Economic History of Spain, from Wikipedia Article : Bourbon Reforms, from Wikipedia Article : The 2008-2012 Spanish Financial Crisis, from Wikipedia |
Institutions |
Article Bolsa de Madrid : History, from Wikipedia Battilossi / Houpt, Risk, Return and Volume in an Emerging Stock Market : The Bilbao Stock Exchange, 1916-1936, IEHC 2006 |
Mining & Energy, Metal Industry |
Spain's Almaden Mine : 2000 Years of Solitude, by
E.O. Girones and C.D. Viejobueno; Mercury Mining in Spain, from
Iberia Nature History of Swords from Toledo, anonymous Miguel Angel Saez Garcia, The Survival of the Family Firm in the Spanish Iron and Steel Industry. The Case of San Pdro de Araya Mill (1857-1935), IEHC 2006 Gomez-Mendoza, Antonio. The Cost of Francoist Economic Policies to a British Firm: Rio Tinto Company, 1939-1954. Business and Economic History, 2d ser., 21 (1992): 354-63. W.C. Borlase, Tin-mining in Spain Past and Present, 1897, IA |
Textile Industry |
Spanish Textile Workers 1650-2000, by Angel Smith et al. Spain, from European Textile Network (historical sites) |
Agriculture, Food Processing |
History, from Olive Farming, Olive Oil and Olives in Spain, from
Iberia Nature; History, from Cheese from Spain;
Spanish Breweries, Styles, History, Beers, from European Beer Guide Pujol-Andreu, Nicolau-Nos, Hernandez, Milk, from Medicine to Food in Mediterranean Europe : Catalonia, 19th and 20th Centuries, IEHC 2006 Rosa Girost, The Social Dynamic of Agricultural Growth : The Example of Catalan Emphytheusis, IEHC 2006 Ricardo Robledo y Santiago Lopez, Stewards and Landlord Farmers at the End of the Ancien Regime in Spain, IEHC 2006 Gloria Sanz-Lafuente, Food Safety. Between the Law and Inspection Practices in the Local Social Framework (Aragon 1850-1923), IEHC 2006 |
Stimulants |
History, from
Wines of Spain Lina Galvez Munoz, Gender, Cigar and Cigarettes, Technological Change and National Patterns (Spanish Tobacco Industry), IEHC 2006 Galvez-Munoz, Lina. Governments, Consumers, Companies, and Tobacco Addiction: The Spanish Case (1890s to 1930s). Business and Economic History 28, no. 2 (Winter 1999): 39-48. |
Individual Companies |
Company histories from Funding Universe :
Puig Beauty and Fashion Group S.L.,
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.,
Repsol S.A.,
Compania Espanola de Petroleos S.A. (Cepsa),
Telefonica S.A. |
Ethnography |
Languages of Spain (13), from Ethnologue;
Minority Languages by State, from Euromosaic,
for Spain files on Aragonese, Asturian, Basque, Berber, Catalan, Galician, Occitan, Portuguese Article Languages of Spain, from Wikipedia; Category : Languages of Spain, from Wikipedia Spain, from Minorities at Risk, files for the Basques, Catalans, Roma Article Basque People, from Wikipedia The Situation of Roma in Spain (2002), posted by Eumap The Integration of Ethnic Minorities : Gypsies, Refugees and Immigrants, from SiSpain World Culture Encyclopedia : Europe, click Andalusians, Balearics, Basques, Canarians, Castillans, Catalans, Galicians, Gitanos, Leonese, Pasiegos, Spaniards, Spanish Rom World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Spain G.H. Borrow, The Zincali: an account of the gypsies of Spain, IA Spain, pp.297-311 in G.G. Chisholm, The world as it is; a popular account of the countries and peoples of the earth 1884, IA Spain, pp.4713-4770 in vol.7A of J.A. Hammerton, Peoples of All Nations, c.1920, illustrated, IA |
History of Regions |
see History of Aragon,
History of Navarra, History of Castile,
Canary Islands at this site History of the Balearic Islands, from Wikipedia History of Andalucia, from Wikipedia, from Andalucia.com History of Galicia (Spain), from Wikipedia History of Asturias, from Wikipedia History of Catalonia, from Wikipedia, from Generalitat de Catalunya Historia contemporania de Catalunya (Contemporary History of Catalonia), from La Pagina de la Historia, in Catalan Provinces of Spain, from www.statoids.com Article Provinces of Spain, from Wikipedia Shaping of a Nation : Catalan History and Historicity in Post-Franco Spain, by Yolaine Cultiaux |
Local History |
History of Madrid, from Go Madrid,
from Wikipedia History of arcelona, from Wikipedia History of Bilbao, from Bilbao Turismo History of Valencia, from Wikipedia History of Cordoba, from Wikipedia History of Sevilla, from Spanish Town Guides |
Institutions | Transportation |
History of Flight : Spain, from Flight 100;
Spain, from Airline History History of Rail Transport in Spain, from Wikipedia |
Broadcasting |
History of Broadcasting in Spain, from The Broadcast Archive |
Academies, Education |
Others |
Structurae : Spain;
Search Lighthouse Explorer for Spain |
Culture | Music |
History of the Guitar in Spain, by Yolanda Rosas; History of Flamenco,
from Classical Guitar Illustrated History |
Literature |
History of the Spanish Language in Spain, from
Babylon Idiomas Spanish Literature, links to online postings from Wess Web; introduction of major authors, from Univ. of Virginia, Center for the Liberal Arts; Pathfinder : Spanish Literature, from Internet Public Library; Article : Spanish Literature, from Wikipedia |
Architecture |
Castles of Spain (English language site); Rutas del Arte Romanico y Medieval, from
arteguias.com, Spanish language image databank of Spanish medieval art and
architecture |
Painting |
Art in Spain : 13th to 17th Century, from Web Gallery of Art |
Cinema |
Cuisine |
History of Spanish Vegetarian Societies, from IVU;
Food History : Spain, from Clifford A. Wright |
Sports |
Articles Football in Spain,
Spain at the Olympics,
Bullfighting : History, from Wikipedia;
Cricket in Spain, from A Brief History of Cricket |
Biographies | Standard Works of Reference |
Centro Digital de Estudios Biograficos, Diccionario Biografico Espanol,
posted by Real Academia de la Historia, in Spanish |
Web Compilations, General |
List of Spaniards, from Wikipedia |
Specialized Compilations |
Biographies of Spanish Saints, from Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon,
in German |
Biographies of Individuals |
G. Moore, Lives of Cardinal Alberoni, and the Duke of Ripperda, ministers of Philip V.
King of Spain, vol.1, 1806, GB; 3rd ed. 1814, GB |
Others |
Spain, from Alcohol and Drugs History Society History of Malaria in Spain, Tiger Mosquitoes and the History of Yellow Fever and Dengue in Spain, from Iberia Nature History of the Hammam (Arab Bath), from Hammam Spain Brief History of Spanish Masonry, from Gran Logia de Espana; Freemasonry Banned in Spain by General Franco, by Juan Carlos Alvarez Disaster History by Country : Spain, from Relief Web; Category Disasters in Spain, from Wikipedia Palearctic Ecoregion, from WWF Daniel Kowalsky, Stalin and the Spanish Civil War, diss. Columbia UP n.d. K. Haebler, The Early Printers of Spain and Portugal, 1896, IA |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies;
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) Titles of European Rulers : Spain |
List of Ambassadors |
List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Spain, from
Wikipedia (1567-); Liste der deutschen Botschafter in Madrid (Spanien), from
Wikipedia German
ed. (1908-) Article : United States Ambassafor to Spain, from Wikipedia (1779-); List of Canadian Ambassadors to Spain, from MOFA Canada (1953-); Embajadores de Mexico en Espana, from Acervo Historico Diplomatico Chinese Ambassadors to Spain, from PRC MOFA |
List of Bishops |
Categoria : Anexos : Obispos de Espana;
Anexo : Obispos de Barcelona, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Statistical Data | Responsible Institution |
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Spain |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Spain, from Population Statistics, at Univ. Utrecht Historical Abortion Statistics - Spain, from Johnston's Archive Catastro del Marqu? de la Ensenada |
Exchange Rates |
Historical Exchange Rates, from Oanda, since 1990 Federal Reserve (U.S.) : Foreign Exchange Rates, Historic The Marteau Early 18th-Century Currency Converter |
Inflation Rates |
Historical Inflation Rates, from Index Mundi, since 2000 Global Rates : Inflatie Spanje, graph has data since 1956 |
Economic Data |
Global Price and Income History Group,
Southwest Europe, has several files on Spain ESFDB (European State Finance Database |
Election Results |
Election Results, from Psephos (since 1996),
from IFES Election Guide (since 2000) Elections and Electoral Systems around the world : Spain, from Area Studies, at Keele |
Documents | Historical Newspapers | Official Gazettes |
Flare, Union List of Official Gazettes : Spain Article : Boletin Oficial del Estado, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Boletin del Estado Gaceta extraordinaria del Gobierno, 1820, in Spanish, GB Biblioteca Digital de la Comunidad de Madrid : Gaceta de Madrid, 1707, 1757-1762, 1767 Gaceta de Madrid 1783 pt.1, 1784 pt.1, 1786 pt.2, 1787 pt.1, 1789 pt.1, 1793 pt.2, 1797 pt.1, 1798 pt.2, 1799 pt.2, 1800 pt.1, 1800 pt.2, 1802 pt.1, 1803 pt.1, 1803 pt.2, 1804 pt.2, 1805 pt.1, 1805 pt.2, 1806 pt.2, 1807 pt.2, in Spanish, GB Gazeta Ministerial de Sevilla 1808, in Spanish, GB |
Hemerotheques |
NATIONAL Biblioteca Nacional de Espana, Hemeroteca Digital Hemeroteca historica, on Fondo Antiguo de la Universidad de Sevilla Hemeroteca Digital del foro hist?ico de las telecomunicaciones REGIONAL Hemeroteca Gipuzcoa SPECIFIC NEWSPAPERS Hemeroteca de La Vanguardia desde 1881 ABC.es Hemeroteca 1903- EL MUNDO.es Hemeroteca FOREIGN COLLECTION OF SPANISH NEWSPAPERS Spanish periodicals and newspapers : Women's Magazine Digital Collection, posted by University of Connecticut |
Specific Newspapers |
Frente Popular (Popular Front newspaper) from July 27 to September 13, 1936, on
Gipuzkoa 1936, d? a d? |
Modern Newspapers | links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers |
Online Yearbooks Spain Entries |
Statesman's Year-Book, Entry : Spain
vol.1 1864 pp.435-456, GB,
vol.2 1865 pp.431-454, GB,
vol.3 1866 pp.439-462, GB,
vol.4 1867 pp.430-454, GB,
vol.5 1868 pp.430-454, GB,
vol.6 1869 pp.430-454, GB Genealogisches Staats-Handbuch vol.65 pp.242-255, 1827, vol.66 pp.284-297, 1835, vol.67 pp.299-314, 1839, in German, GB |
Newsreels | Noticiarios y Documentales (NO-DO) 1942-1981; see article from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Propaganda Films |
George C. Marshall Motion Pictures |
Films on History/Society |
Spain Film Archives linked by National Film Preservation Board (U.S.) Filmarchives Online (Europe-wide); Filmoteca Espanola Article : Cinema of Spain, from Wikipedia Spain, from Cinema of the World; Spanish History Movies, from film.fm (this page lists films by language; many Spanish language movies are Latin American); Historical Movies by Country : Spain Spanish Films 1897-1929, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, from Wikipedia; Spain Film, from IMDb |
Image Databanks |
Systematic Collections General |
Systematic Collections Specialist |
Grabados, from Fondo Antiguo de la Universidad de Sevilla Biblioteca Municipal de Estudios Locales de La Coruna, has poster collection Carteles de la guerra civil espa?la, (1936-1939), Civil War Poster Collection Ch. Nelan, Cartoons of our war with Spain, 1898, IA Museo Virtual de la Sanidad en Espana, image databank on medical history of Spain; includes images of politicians |
Accidental Collections |
Wikimedia Commons : Spain |
Universal Collections Items on Spain |
License Plates, from Francoplaque, from
License Plates of the World Passport, from World Passports; scroll down Airline Timetable Images : Spain |
Archival Deposits |
Congreso de los Diputados Memoria Digital de Catalunya Archivo Rojo, Civil War propaganda archive (1936-1939) Centro Documental de la Memoria Historica (Francist period archives) Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Historica Spain, from Shoah Foundation Institute, Visual Archive Spain Documents, from Central Archive for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem Archivo digital de la Autonomia obrera National Archives, UK : British Foreign Legion in Spain, 1835 Nationaalarchief (NL) Inventaris van het archief van de Legatie in Spanje, (1783) 1793-1802; Inventaris van het archief van het Gezantschap in Spanje (Madrid), (1888) 1939-1954; Inventaris van het Nederlandse Gezantschap in Spanje, 1814-1930 (1935) |
Constitutions, Laws |
Legislacion Historica de Espana List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Spain, from ILO, 128 docs. since 1919 Spagna, from Archivio delle Costituzioni Storiche Spanish constitution of 1978, posted by Universidad de Extremadura (in Spanish) Internet Law Library : Spain |
Treaties | General Treaty Collections |
Bilateral Treaty Collections |
Spanish-American Diplomacy 1795-1953, from Avalon Project Bilateral Treaties with Spain, from Australian Treaty series, 24 docs. 1875-2000 The treaty of peace between the crowns of France & Spain 1659, 1660, GB Tractat wegen des spanischen Commercii gemacht zwischen die K?nigl. Mayt. in Spanien und die Erbb. Hanse Städten (1607) 1658, in German, GB Spanien, pp.235-238 in Johann Vesque von P?tlingen, Uebersicht der Verträge Oesterreichs mit den auswärtigen Staaten, 1854, in German, GB Espagne, pp.73-80 in vol.1 of Table des traies entre la France et les puissances etrangeres, depuis la paix de Westphalie jusqu'a nos jours, 1802, in French, GB |
Document Surveys |
British Library, Social Sciences Collection Guides,
Spanish Government Documents |
Document Collections |
European History Primary Sources : Spain Documents on Spanish History from Eurodocs, merely a collection of links Documents on the History of Andalucia, from Andalucia, Documentos y Narraciones, in Spanish Base Documental d'Historia Contemporania de Catalunya (Documentary Base of Catalonian Contemporary History), in Spanish (British Armed Forces) General Orders, Spain and Portugal, vol.2 : 1810, 1811, vol.3 : 1811, 1812, vol.4 : 1812, 1813, GB Records of the Spanish Inquisition translated from the Original Documents, 1828, GB R. Fanshaw, Original letters of His Excelleny Sir Richard Fanshaw : during his embassies in Spain and Portugal, 1702, GB Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, 1898-1902, 1902, IA Coleccion de documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana vol.1, 1842, vol.2, 1843, vol.3, 1843, vol.4, 1844, vol.5, 1844, vol.6, 1845, vol.7, 1845, vol.8, 1846, vol.9, 1846, vol.10, 1847, vol.11, Continuacion del Proceso de Fray Luis de Leon, 1847, vol.12, 1848, vol.13, 1848, vol.14, 1849, vol.15, 1849, vol.16, 1850, vol.17, 1850, vol.18, 1851, vol.19, 1851, vol.20, Continuacion de la vida literaria del cancilier mayor de Castilla D. Pedro Lopez de Ayala, 1852, vol.21, Memoria sobre las tentativas hechas y premios ofricedos en Espana al que resolviere el problema de la longitud enm la mar, 1852, vol.22, Clave de la Espana Sagrada (1747), 1853, vol.23, 1853, vol.24, 1854, vol.25, 1854, vol.26, 1855, vol.27, Continuacion de los documentos relativos al Principe D. Carlos, eijo de Felipe II., 1855, vol.28, 1856, vol.29, 1856, vol.30, 1857, vol.31, Documentos Relativos D. Sancho d'Avila, General de Felipe II, 1857, vol.34, Continuacion del Correspondencia del Duque de Alba con Felipe II, 1859, vol.35, 1859, vol.36, 1860, vol.37, 1860, vol.38, 1861, vol.39, 1861, vol.40, 1862, vol.41, 1862, vol.42, 1863, vol.43, Cont. de los Documentos Relativos al Archiduque Alberto de Austria, 1863, vol.44, 1864, vol.45, 1864, vol.46, 1865, vol.47, 1865, vol.48, 1866, vol.49, 1866, vol.50, 1867, vol.51, Conclusion de las Cartas de Felipe II, 1867, vol.52, 1868, vol.53, 1869, vol.54, Correspondencia de Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Cordoba con el Conde de Nassau, Conde de Tilly .., 1869, in Spanish, GB Coleccion de documentos ineditos, pertenecientes a la historia politica de nuestra revolucion , 1811, in Spanish, GB Bullarium ordinis militaris de Alcantara, 1759, in Latin, GB Letters of Philip II, King of Spain, 1592-1597 Espanoles deportados a los campos nazis (1940-1945) |
Individual Documents |
Foreign Office (British) : Peace Handbooks (1919-1920), posted on
Internet Archive; v. 6. France, Italy, Spain, etc., no. 30-31; 33-36 H. Walpole, The grand question, whether war, or no war, with Spain, impartially considered, 1739, GB The report of the Commissioners Sent into Spain: pursuant to an address of the House of Commons to her Late Majesty Queen Anne relating to Gibraltar, 1728, GB Papers relative to the rupture with Spain,: laid before both Houses of Parliament, 1762, GB Manifest van het huys van Oostenryk, In het welke Desselfs recht op de Monarchie van Spanien klaarlijk vertoond en beweerd word, 1701, in Dutch, GB |
Historical Maps | responsible institutions |
UNESCO : National Map Agencies : Portugal :
Instituto Geografico Portugues, Lisboa |
collections |
WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Spain page Atlas of Spain, from Wikimedia Commons Discus Media : The 1900 Collection, Maps from Yesteryear, Spain Search David Rumsey Map Collection for Spain Spain Maps, PCL, UTexas Category : Old Maps of Spain, Maps of the History of Spain, PCL, UTexas Atlas de Historia de Espana Proyecto Clio, Atlas Ubieto |
Spain, hindsight |
Maps : Eastern Hemisphere 900 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1000 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1100 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1200 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1300 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1400 AD,
Eastern Hemisphere 1500 AD,
by Thomas Lessman Maps : Europe in the Year 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, from Euratlas Europe 1792, 1796, 1799, 1805, 1808, 1812, 1814, 1815, 1913, 1921, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1989, 1998, J. de Salas Vara del Rey Iberian Peninsula 1591, 1787, J. de Salas Vara del Rey |
Spain, contemporary |
Spain 1922,
1938, Probert Encyclopedia |
detail, hindsight |
Biscay 1876,
Bilbao 1890,
Couto Misto until 1864,
Olivenza, J. de Salas Vara del Rey |
detail, contemporary |
City Panoramas 19th Century, from
Historic Maps,
Madrid 1800 City Panoramas 1750, from Historic Maps, Barcelona, Sevilla |
Economic |
J. Chr. Nelckenbrecher, Taschenbuch eines
Banquiers und Kaufmanns enthaltend eine Erklärung aller ein- und ausländischen Münzen ..., Berlin : Wever
1769, in German, entries Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao oder Bilboa, Cadix, Madrit, Majorca, Malaga, Sevilla, Valencia, posted by DTBSWS Of the Trade to Spain, pp.597-606 in W. Beawes, Lex mercatoria rediviva, 1773, GB Spain, pp.388-395 in P. Kelly, The universal cambist, and commercial instructor, 1811, GB Spain, pp.246-250, Barcelona pp.22-25, in : W. Dickinson, Universal commerce, or, The commerce of all the mercantile cities and towns, 1818, GB Spain, pp.513-560 in C.W. Rödansz, European commerce; or, Complete mercantile guide to the continent of Europe, 1818, GB J. Chr. Nelkenbrecher, Allgemeines Taschenbuch der Münz-, Maass- und Gewichtskunde für Banquiers und Kaufleute (General Manual on Coinage, Measurement and Weights, for Bankers and Merchants) Berlin 1832, in German, entries Alicante, Aragon, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadix oder Cadiz, Galicien, Madrid, Majorca oder Mallorca, Malaga, Minorca, Navarra, San Sebastian, Santander, Sevilla, Spanien, Valenzia, posted by DTBSWS Spanien, pp.465-468 in A. Moser, Die Capitalanlage in Werthpapieren der Staaten, Creditvereine und Actiengesellschaften des In- und Auslandes, 1862, in German, GB W.H. Weed, The Copper Mines of the World 1907, Spain (and Minorca) pp.118-124 |
Ethnographical |
Royaume d'Espagne, pp.157-167 in X. Heuschling, Manual de statistique
ethnographique universelle, 1847, in French, GB |
Political |
Spanien, pp.16-106 in F.L. Bressler, Die Heutigen Christlichen Souverainen
von Europa, 1698, in German, GB Le Ceremonial de la Cour d'Espagne, pp.237-374 in vol.2 of J.R. de Missy, Le Ceremonial diplomatique des cours de l' Europe, 1739, in French, GB Gouvernement de l'Espagne, pp.82-106 in vol.2 of G. de Real de Curbon, La science du gouvernement, 1762, in French, GB |
Geographical |
Die Königreiche Spanien und Portugal, pp.11-42 in F. von Rudtorffer,
Militär-Geographie von Europa, 1839, in German, GB Spain and Portugal, pp.78-96 in Ch. R. Maxwell, An epitome of the military geography of Europe, 1850, GB Spain pp.291-304 in W. Hughes, A manual of geography, 1861, GB Spain, pp.237-244 in A. Harris, A geographical hand book, 1862, GB Spanish Region, pp.58-102 in Th. Lavallee, Physical, historical and military geography, 1868, GB Spain, pp.175-180 in J. MacFarlane, Economic geography, c. 1910, GB |
Historical |
De Regno Hispaniae, pp.249-270 in J.C. Becmann, Historia Orbis Terrarum Geographica 1673, in Latin, GB Louis Ellies Du Pin, L' Histoire Profane Depuis son commencement jusqu'la present vol.5 : 1000-1700, pp.47-48 : Histoire d'Espagne depuis la fin du dixieme siecle jusqu'au commencement du douzieme pp.95-97 : Histoire du Roiaume d'Espagne, pp.124-126 : Histoire du Roiaume d'Espagne depuis la fin du treizieme siecle jusqu'au commencement du quatorzieme, pp.163-167 : Histoire des Roiaumes d'Espagne pendant le quatorzieme siecle, pp.184-185 : Histoire des Roiaumes d'Espagne jusques vers l'an 1450, pp.204-205 : Histoire des Roiaumes d;Espagne jusqu'a l'avenement de Charles Quint a la couronne d'Espagne, pp.246-252 : Histoire des Roiaumes d'Espagne sous les regnes de Charles Quint & de Philippe II, 1717, in French, GB Chapter II : Spain, pp.2-70 in : Samuel von Pufendorf, An introduction to the history of the principal kingdoms and states of Europe, 1719, GB The Present State of Spain, pp.669-773 in vol.2 of Th. Salmon, Modern history or the present state of all nations, 1745, GB Spanien, pp.1-100 in vol.1 of the 1st edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1793, in German, GB Spanien pp.1-110 in vol.1 of the 2nd edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1807, in German, GB Spanien pp.1-121 in vol.1 of the 3rd edition of L.T. von Spittler, Entwurf der Geschichte der europäischen Staaten, 1823, in German, GB Histoire d'Espagne, depuis 1621 jusqu'en 1714, pp.29-171 [on 1621-1714] in vol.31 of Maximilian-Samson-Friedrich Schöll, Cours d'histoire des Etats Europeens, depuis le bouleversement de l'empire romain d'Occident jusqu'en 1789, 1832, in French, GB |
Specialist Encyclopedias |
Article : Spanische Eisenbahnen,
from Röll, Enzyklopädie des Eisenbahnwesens (Encyclopedia of Railroads) 2nd ed. 1912-1923, in German |
Parliamentary Debates |
Congreso de los Diputados Diario de las discusiones y actas de las Cortes, vol.1, 1811, vol.2, 1811, vol.3, 1811, vol.4, 1811, vol.5, 1811, vol.6, 1811, vol.7, 1811, vol.8, 1811, vol.9, 1811, vol.10, 1811, vol.11, 1812, vol.12, 1812, vol.13, 1812, vol.14, 1812, vol.15, 1812, vol.16, 1812, vol.18, 1813, vol.19, 1813, vol.20, 1813, vol.21, 1813, vol.22, 1813, vol.23, 1813, 1820-1821 vol.1, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.3, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.4, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.7, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.8, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.9, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.10, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.11, 1820, 1820-1821 vol.12, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.13, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.16, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.18, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.20, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.21, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.22, 1821, 1820-1821 vol.23, 1821, Legislatura Extraordinaria, vol.2, 1822, vol.5, 1822, in Spanish, GB Diario de las sesiones de Cortes: Congreso de los diputados, 1823, 1858, 1834-1835, Estamento de ilustres proceres, 1865, 1835-1836 (vol.1), 1869, 1835-1836 (vol.2), 1869, 1863-1864 vol.1, 1864, 1863-1864 vol.2, 1864, 1863-1864 vol.3, 1864, 1863-1864 vol.4, 1864, in Spanish, GB Discusion de las Cortes sobre la tutela de la S. M. la Reina dona Isabel II, 1842, 1842, in Spanish, GB |
Tour Guides, Travelogues |
J. Townsend, A journey through Spain in the years 1786 and 1787, with particular attention to agriculture, manufactures, commerce, population,
taxes and revenue of that country, vol.1 1790,
vol.2, 1791,
vol.3, 1791, GB H. Swinburne, Travels through Spain, in the years 1775 and 1776, vol.1, vol.2, GB G.D. Whittingdon, Travels through Spain and part of Portugal: with commercial, statistical and geographical details, 1808, GB J. Murray, A Handbook for Travellers in Spain, 1855, 1882, IA K. Baedeker, Spain and Portugal: Handbook for Travellers, 1898 1901, 1913, IA |
Exhibition Catalogues |
W. Hamm, Illustrirter Katalog der Pariser Industrie-Ausstellung von 1867, 1868, GB; 2 Spain entries |
Institutions | Archives | Lists of Archives |
Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Spain, from
Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 136 entries Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Spain, 404 entries Categoria : Archivos de Espana, from Wikipedia Spanish edition |
Archives |
PARES, Portal des Archivos Espanoles Archivo Historico Nacional Spanish Film Archive Foreign Ministry Archives Services of the European Union Member States : Spain, from Consilium Europa |
Musea | Lists, Links |
Category : Museums in Spain, from Wikipedia |
Museums |
Spanish Museums Categoria : Museos de Espana por localidad, from Wikipedia Spanish edition Museo Nacional del Prado Article : Museo Historico Militar de Sevilla |
Monuments |
Category : Monuments and memorials in Spain,
from Wikipedia UNESCO World Heritage Site, List (search for Spain), Tentative Lists : Spain Windmills in Spain, from Windmill World |
Libraries |
Libraries in Spain, from LibDex History of the Spanish National Library, from The European Library |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
International Civic Heraldry;
National Anthem, from National Anthems Net |
Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Spain, from World Currency Museum,
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money Spanish coins, from Casa de Moneda, brief; Spain and its Coins from NNCS, overview all periods; Collection of Coins : Spain, 19th, 20th century; bilingual Russian and English page Spain Coins, from Don's World Coin Gallery |
Stamps |
Rare Stamps of Spain, from Sandafayre Stamp Gallery;
Spain 1853-1929,
Spain Civil War Issues,
Spain Queen Isabella Pt.1, 1850-1855,
Spain Queen Isabella Pt.2, 1860-1867,
Spain War Stamps, Barcelona, Carlists
from Stamps Catalogue 1840-1920 by Evert Klaseboer |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Search ISBN Database |
on Spain | survey of bibliographies |
Las bibliograf?s de Historia de Espa? del CINDOC (CSIC) |
bibliographic database |
general bibliographies |
pp.621-645 in R. Kern, Historical Dictionary of Modern Spain, 1700-1988, Westport CT : Greenwood 1990 [G] pp.371-435 in Angel Smith, Historical Dictionary of Spain, Scarecrow 1996, 320 pp.; KMLA Library R 946 S642h Yale University Library, A Select Bibliography of Spanish History R. Ballester, Bibliografia de la Historia de Espana, 1921, UToronto Library |
annual bibliographies |
specialist bibliographies |
Bibliografias de Historia de Espana (BIHES), (1) El franquismo, (2)
El camino de Santiago, (3) Las mujeres en la Historia de Espana, (4) Los nacionalismos, (5) Historia contemporanea de Andalucia, (6)
Las relaciones Iglesia-Estado (ss.xv-xx), (7) La Guerra Civil Espa?la. (1936-39) 2 vols. (vol.1 libros) (vol.2 revistas) (8)
La crisis del 98 Lynn Nelson, Medieval Spain (ORB) G. Shields, World Bibliographical Series 193 : Madrid, Oxford : Clio 1996 [G] |
serial publications |
CSIC Instituto de Historia, Produccion Cientifica search engine Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica, Publicaciones Real Academia de la Historia, Publicaciones |
general bibliographies Spain entries |
Ch.13 : De Scriptoribus Rerum Portugallicarum et Hispanicarum, pp.273-297 in
B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ;
a catalogue of narrative historical sources |
booksellers |
Online Libraries | general |
Google Books;
Internet Archives;
Gutenberg Library Online;
HathiTrust;
Gallica |
Thesis Server |
TDX (Theses from Spanish Universities Online) |
full text online |
Bulletin hispanique 1899-2008, Persee Hispania. Revista Espanola de Historia 2001-2011 Hispania Sacra 2001-2011 Hispania Antiqua 1971-2002 Cahiers d'Etudes Hispaniques Medievales 1976-2009, Persee Revistas Cientificas Complutenses En la Espana Medieval 1980-2008 Association for Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies Bulletin of Spanish and Portuguese Historical Studies 1969- Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia 2000-2008 Ausa 1952-2009 (Catalan) Barroco 2007- Cahiers de Civilisation Espagnole Contemporaine, 2007- Catalan Historical Review 2008- E-spania, 2006- Hispania Sacra, 2006- Historia Actual Online, 2003- Revista Historia i Contemporanea 2003- Anales de Historia Contemporanea 1982-2009 Historia Contemporanea 1988- Ebre 38: revista internacional de la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939 2003-2011 Revista de Historia Industrial, RACO 1992- Revista de Historia Militar 1957- |
Table of Contents Online |
Historiography |
Article : Basque Historiography, by Ignacio Olabarri, pp.76-77,
Article : Catalan Historiography, by Ignacio Olabarri, pp.145-146, in vol.1,
Article : Spanish Historiography, by Ignacio Olabarri, pp.857-859, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
General Accounts |
Peter Pierson, The History of Spain, Greenwood, 1999, 248 pp.; KMLA Lib.Sign. 946 P624t Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, article Spain, Vol.28 pp.1-63; KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862n v.28 Peace Handbooks issued by the Hitorical Section of the Foreign Office : Vol.34, Spain since 1815, 1920, 50 p. [G] |
Economic, Social History |
Joseph Harrison, The Spanish Economy : From the Civil War to the
European Community, Cambridge UP 1996; KMLA Lib.Sign. 330.946 H318s Gary Wray McDonogh, Good Families of Barcelona, Princeton : UP 1986 [G] Gülich, Gustav von, Geschichtliche Darstellung des Handels, der Gewerbe und des Ackerbaus der bedeutenden handeltreibenden Staaten unserer Zeit (Historical Description of Trade, Industry and Agriculture of the Important Trading States of Our Time), Jena : Frommann 6 vol.s 1830-1845, chapter : Spanien, vol.1 1830 pp.269-296, vol.4 1844 pp.64-90, posted by DTBSWS Ottomar Haupt, Währungs-Politik und Münz-Statistik, Berlin : Walther & Apolant 1884, in German, posted by DTBSWS, chapter Spanien Adrian Shubert, A Social History of Modern Spain, London : Longman Pearson (1992) 1996, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 306.0946 S562s Jane S. Gerber, The Jews of Spain, The History of the Sephardic Experience, NY : Free Press 1994, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946 G362j Norman A. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands, A History and Source Book, Philadelphia : Jewish Publication Society of America 1979, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 909.04 S857j A. Katie Harris, From Muslim to Christian Granada. Inventing a City's Past in Early Modern Spain, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins UP 2007, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.8204 H313f James Simpson, Spanish Agriculture, the Long Siesta 1765-1965, Cambridge : UP 1995 [G] |
Specific Periods |
Francisco J. Romero Salvado, Twentieth Century Spain,
Politics and Society in Spain 1898-1998, NY : St. Martin's, 1999, 219 pp.; KMLA Lib.Sign. 946.08 S182t Patrick Williams, Philip II., Palgrave 2001, 302 pp.; KMLA Lib.Sign. 946.043 W721p David Ringrose, Spain, Europe and the "Spanish Miracle" 1700-1900, Cambridge : UP (1996) 1998, KMLA Lib.Sign. 330.946 R582s J.H. Elliott, The Revolt of the Catalans. A Study in the Decline of Spain 1598-1640, Cambridge : UP (1963) 1984, KMLA Lib.Sign. 946.7 E46r Gerald Brenan, The Spanish Labyrinth. The social and political background of the Spanish Civil War, Cambridge : UP (1943) 2001 [G] Paul Preston, The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Chicago : Dorsey 1986 [G] Hugh Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal, A Political History of al-Andalus, Harlow : Pearson 1996, 342 pp.; KMLA Lib.Sign. 946.02 K35m Spain, pp.127-138, in : Derek H. Aldcroft, Europe's Third World. The European Periphery in the Interwar Years. Leicester : UP 2006, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 940.09724 A357e Ian Patterson, Guernica and Total War, Harvard : UP 2007, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.081 P317g Joseph E. O'Callaghan, A History of Medieval Spain, Ithaca : Cornell UP 1975, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.02 015h W. Montgomery Watt and Pierre Cacha, A History of Islamic Spain, New Brunswick : Aldine (1965) 2007, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.022 W344h David Nicolle, El Cid and the Reconquista 1050-1492, Oxford : Osprey 1988, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.02 N645e David M. Gitlitz and Linda Kay Davidson, The Pilgrimage Road to Santiago, NY : St. Martin's Press 2000 KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.1 G536p Jan Glete, War and State in Early Modern Europe. Spain, the Dutch Republic and Sweden as Fiscal-Military States, 1500-1600, London : Routledge 2002, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 355.0094 G558w J.H. Elliott, Imperial Spain 1469-1716, London : Penguin (1963) 2002, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 946.04 E461 J. Regla, Spain and her Empire, ch.15 / pp.369-383 in The New Cambridge Modern History vol.V : The Ascendancy of France 1648-1688, Cambridge UP 1964 [G] R.D. Hussey, The Spanish Empire under Foreign Pressures, 1688-1715, ch.11 / pp.343-380 in The New Cambridge Modern History vol.VI : The Rise of Great Britain and Russia 1688-1725, Cambridge UP 1970 [G] |
Historical Dictionaries |
Angel Smith, Historical Dictionary of Spain, Scarecrow 1996, 320 pp.; KMLA Lib.Sign. R 946 S642h Robert W. Kern, Historical Dictionary of Modern Spain 1700-1988, NY : Greenwood 1990 [G] Articles Canary Islands pp.102-104, Catalonia pp.111-114, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G] |