ÿþ<html> <head> <title>WHKMLA : Timelines - Europe 1300-1490 </title> <!-- copyright Alexander Ganse, 2008 --> </head> <body bgcolor="lightblue" text="black" link="blue" vlink="red" alink="brown"> <style> <!-- A{ font-weight: bold; font-size: 10pt; font-face: arial; } --> </style> <DIV align ="center"> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "../../index.html"> <img src = "../../whkmla2.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../meh.jpg" border = "0"> </a></TD></TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowleft.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD align = "center" valign = "center"> <A HREF = "x13001490.html"> <img src = "../banners/ban13001490.jpg" border = "0"> </TD> <TD width = "36" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <img src = "../../region/arrowright.gif" width = "36" height = "36" border = "0"> </a></TD> <TD width = "200" height = "36" align = "center" valign = "center"> <font size = "2" face = "arial"><B> </b></font></TD></TR></TABLE> <font size = "3" face = "arial"><B><i>First posted on October 25th 2008 </i></b></font><BR><BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "center" valign = "center" width = "900"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "5"><B> Timeline Europe 1300-1490 </B></font><BR> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"><i> http://www.zum.de/whkmla/period/13001490/tleurope13001490.html </i></font></B> </TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1291 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Establishment of Swiss Confederacy </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1305-1314 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Dissolution of Knights Templar in France, confiscation of their property </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1307 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Abduction of Pope Clement V. to Avignon; begin of Avignon Papacy 1309-1377 (1403) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1314 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Battle of Bannockburn; independence of Kingdom of Scotland restored </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1315-1317 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Great Famine </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1337-1453 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Hundred Years' War between England and France </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1347-1349 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Black Death; appearance of Flagellants; pogroms against Jews which resulted in emigration of Ashkenazim to Poland </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1378 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Simultaneous election of popes in Rome and Avignon caused Schism (until 1431) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1380 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Grand Duchy of Muscovy defeated Golden Horde in Battle of Kulikovo </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1384 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Duke of Burgundy inherited County of Flanders. Begin of Burgundian expansion, a policy which established the Low Countries. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1386 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Grand Duke Jogaila (Jagiello) of Lithuania converted to Catholicism, married Jadwiga, daughter of the last king of Poland </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1396 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Crusade against the Osmanoglu Turks failed in Battle of Nicopolis </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1397 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Kalmar Union; Dynastic Union of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1405 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Republic of Venice began expansion on Italian mainland (Terra Ferma). </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1410 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Battle iof Grunwald; Teuronic Knights defeated by Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania; end of military supremacy of Teutonic Knights in the eastern Baltic region </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1414-1418 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Council of Konstanz failed in ending the Schism; burnt Jan Hus (1415) </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1415 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Portuguese Conquest of Ceuta (Morocco); started Portugal's project of discoveries along the African coast </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1420-1434 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Hussite Wars </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1429 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Hundred Years' War : Siege of Orleans </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1431 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> End of Schism; popes reside in Rome </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1434 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Cosimo de Medici established effective control over Florence </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1438 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Albert of Habsburg, Archduke of Austria, elected Roman King (de facto Holy Roman Emperor); with the exception of 1740-1745, the Habsburg dynasty was able to hold on to the title (although an elected office) until 1806. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1439-1440 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Lorenzo Valla exposed "Constantinian Donation" as a falsificate, to be credited to Pepin I. </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1440s </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Disintegration of Khanate of the Golden Horde, as Khanates of Kazan, Crimea, Astrakhan, <A HREF = "hdcasia13001490.html#khazakkhanate">Khazaks</A>, <A HREF = "hdcasia13001490.html#sibirkhanate">Sibir</A> seceded </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1444 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Crusade against the Osmanoglu Turks failed in Battle of Varna </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1450 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Mainz, Germany : Gutenberg's single letter type printing press in operation </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1453 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Constantinople conquered by Osmanoglu; as Istanbul it became the capital of the Ottoman Empire </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1453-1466 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Prussian Civil War; secession of Royal Prussia from state of the Teutonic Order </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1455-1485 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> England : War of the Roses </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1469 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Marriage of Isabella of Castile (queen 1474-1504) and Ferdinand of Aragon (king 1479-1516). This marriage laid the foundation for the unification of the crowns (Kingdom of Spain). </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1477 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Battle of Nancy; death of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy; end of Burgundian expansion </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1478 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Conquest and annexation of Republic of Novgorod by Grand Duchy of Muscovy </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1484 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Bull of Pope Innocent VIII warned of the malicious activities of witches; begin of modern witch persecution </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD width="110" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> 1486 </font></TD> <TD width="570" valign="top" align="left"> <font size = "2"> Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man </font></TD> </TR></TABLE> <BR><BR><BR> <TABLE border = "0" cellspace="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <TR> <TD align = "left" valign = "center" width = "700"> <font face = "Times Roman" size = "2"> <B>EXTERNAL FILES : TIMELINES</B> <BR> Chronology of World History, by K. Polsson, <A HREF = "http://www.islandnet.com/~KPOLSSON/worldhis/wor1300.htm"><B>1300-1401</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://www.islandnet.com/~KPOLSSON/worldhis/wor1402.htm"><B>1402-1449</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://www.islandnet.com/~KPOLSSON/worldhis/wor1450.htm"><B>1450-1474</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://www.islandnet.com/~KPOLSSON/worldhis/wor1475.htm"><B>1475-1499</B></A> <BR> Timelines of World History, by Algis Ratnikas, <A HREF = "http://timelines.ws/1300_1399.HTML"><B>1300-1399</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://timelines.ws/1400_1449.HTML"><B>1400-1449</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://timelines.ws/1450_1475.HTML"><B>1450-1475</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://timelines.ws/1476_1499.HTML"><B>1476-1499</B></A> <BR> Cronologia, by Francomputer, in Italian, <A HREF = "http://cronologia.leonardo.it/storia/tabello/aa1300b.htm"><B>1300-1400</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://cronologia.leonardo.it/storia/tabello/aa1401.htm"><B>1400-1500</B></A> <BR> Wikipedia (English edition) <A HREF = "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>1300</B></A> <BR> Wikipedia : 1300 <A HREF = "http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Belarussian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Bulgarian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Croatian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Czech</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Danish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Dutch</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Estonian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Finnish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>French</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>German</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Greek</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Hungarian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Italian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Lithuanian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Macedonian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Norwegian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Polish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Portuguese</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Romanian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Russian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Serbian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Slovenian</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Spanish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Swedish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Turkish</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1300"><B>Ukrainian</B></A> edition; pages have links to previous and subsequent years <BR> Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/intro/atr/07sm.htm"><B>1000-1400</B></A>, <A HREF = "http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/intro/atr/08sm.htm"><B>1400-1600</B></A>, posted by Metropolitan Museum of Art; click Europe : Balkan Peninsula, Great Britain and Ireland, Central Europe (including Germany), Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, France, Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, Low Countries <BR> Speedy Look <A HREF = "http://www.speedylook.com/1300.html"><B>1300</B></A> <BR> </font></TD></TR></TABLE> <BR><BR> </DIV> </DIV> <DIV align="center"> <A href="mailto:aganse@hotmail.com"> <IMG src="../../email.gif" border="0"></a><BR> <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR> <!-- Start of CH Counter --> <script type="text/javascript"> //<!-- // chCounter v2.0.0 // settings: cstatus = "active"; visible = "0"; path_to_counterfile = "http://www.zum.de/whkmla/counter/counter.php"; urlhp = "http://www.zum.de"; //////////////// url = unescape(location.href); file = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf(urlhp) + urlhp.length, url.length); file = (file.charAt(0) != "/") ? 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