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Western Thrace until 1913 formed part of the Vilayet of Edirne (Adrianople) which in turn formed part of the
Ottoman Empire (Rumelia). In 1913 briefly independent as the
Republic of Gümüljina, it then was alloocated to Bulgaria by the Treaty of Bucharest (1913),
placed under an Entente mandate entrusted to Greece in
1919 (Treaty of Neuilly), annexed by Greece in 1920.
The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) ended the Graeco-Turkish War; in this treaty, Greece recognized the rights of the Muslim population of
Western Thrace. Since 1923, the Muslim population of the region has seen a decline due to immigration to Turkey, and the immigration of Greek Orthodox Christians. The region's Sephardic Jewish community largely was destroyed during the Holocaust. Historical Encyclopedia Entries on the Pomaks (1885-1915) |
E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
Biography | Others |
D o c u m e n t s |
Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
Country Profiles | Current | from Wikipedia |
Historic |
Links |
Historical Dictionaries |
click here Pomak Dictionary, by N. Kokkas |
Organizations |
Timelines |
Accounts of History |
Article : Western Thrace : History, from Wikipedia Article : Republic of Gümüljina, from Wikipedia |
Economy & Finances |
Article : Western Thrace : Economy, from Wikipedia |
Ethnography |
Languages of Greece (14), from Ethnologue;
Minority Languages by State, from Euromosaic,
for Greece files on Albanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Turkish, Walachian The Muslim Minority of Greek Thrace, from HR Net; The Situation of the Roma in Greece, by Cia Rinne Minorities in Greece, from Greek Helsinki Group; click for Pomaks Erik-Jan Zürcher, Greek and Turkish Refugees and Deportees 1912-1924, posted by Leiden Project (2003) Hikmet Öksüz, The Representation of the Western Thracian Turkish Minority in the Greek Parliament, in : Turkish Review of Balkan Studies 2003 pp.135-152 Hikmet Öksüz, The Reasons for Immigration from Western Thrace to Turkey (1923-1950), in : Turkish Review of Balkan Studies 2004 pp.250-278 Pomak Information Exchange Anna Triandafyllidou and Dia Anagnostou, The Muslims of estern Thrace. Recommendations for Regional Development Strategies Article Turks of Western Thrace, Muslim Minority of Greece, from Wikipedia Minorities at Risk, scroll down for Greece : Muslims |
Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Greece, from Kirken i Norge Article Greek Church, from Catholic Encyclopedia, 1909 edition Article Islam in Greece, from Wikipedia; see under Ethnology : Pomaks International Religious Freedom Report 2003 : Greece, from U.S. Department of State Sujeto Neglijado : Los Sefaradim en la Shoa, from Sephardic Studies; has list of destroyed Jewish communities in Thrace; in Ladino; The Sephardic Community of Gallipoli, from Sephardic Studies; relevant on W. Thrace |
History of Regions |
Departments of Greece, from www.statoids.com Theofanis Malkidis, The Agricultural Society and Tourism in Greece : The Case of the Island of Samothrace, in : Turkish Review of Balkan Studies 2003 pp.153-175 Articles Evros Prefecture, Rodhopi Prefecture, Xanthi Prefecture, from Wikipedia |
Local History |
Articles Alexandroupoli : History (Dedeagh, Dedeagach, Dedeagatch),
Komotini : History (Gumuljina),
Xanthi : History,
Didymoteicho : History (Demotica) from Wikipedia The City's History, from Municipality of Xanthi |
Institutions |
Structurae : Greece : East Macedonia and Thrace History of Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini Zarifeios School of Alexandroupolis, Thrace, from The Hellenic Archives of Scientific Instruments |
Culture |
Biographies |
Others |
Stefan Panaretov and Bulgarian-American Relations, trsl. from Bulgarian Historical Review,
on possible US consulae in Dedeagach Bulgarian women's headwear, from Eliznik, reference to Dedeagach Bulgaria-Turkey Boundary, from International Boundary Study 1965 |
WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon) |
Lists of Consuls etc. |
Russian Diplomats And Officials Affiliated With The Russian Mission In Greece, 1906-1924, from
Hoover Institution;
lists consular office, Dedeagach |
Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, from
Population Statistics, by Jan Lahmeyer |
Documents | Historical Newspapers |
The Battlefield of Grain, Time Magazine
Oct. 14, 1940 (on Dedeagach) Two-Edged Dagger, Time Magazine July 23 , 1945 (on Dedeagach) |
Modern Newspapers |
links from Online Newspapers, scroll down for Thrakikigi and Xronos,
two papers published in Komotini |
Image Databanks |
Archival Deposits |
Constitutions, Laws |
Treaties |
Article Treaty of Bucharest 1913, from Wikipedia;
Treaty of Bucharest (text), from Mt. Holyoke Article Treaty of Neuilly 1919, from Wikipedia ; Treaty of Neuilly (text), from World War I Document Archive |
Document Collections |
Turkey enters the War and British Action (1914), from GWPDA |
Historical Maps |
see WHKMLA Historical Atlas Greece,
Bulgaria,
Rumelia pages |
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
Article Adrianolpe, Vilayet,
Dedeagatch,
Demotica,
Gumuljina,
Xanthi, from EB 1911 Articles Dede-aghatsch, from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892 edition, in German Nordish Familjebok 2nd ed. : Articles Dede-Agatsch, vol.5 1906, in Swedish, posted by Project Runeberg |
Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) |
Tour Guides, Travelogues |
Institutions | Archives |
Musea |
Folklore Museum of Komotini, from Visit Thrace Ethnological Museum, Alexandroupolis, Thrace |
Libraries |
National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag of the Republic of Gümüljina 1913, from FOTW |
Coins, Banknotes |
Stamps |
Article Compendium of Postage Stamp Issuers - Western Thrace,
from Wikipedia |
Others |
Trimmings and Belt Buckles, from Bulgarian Jewelry, has Dedeagach item Dedeagatch British Cemetery, from Find a Grave, from CWGC |
PRINTED REFERENCE |
Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library Search ISBN Database for Bulgaria |
on W Thrace |
Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
on W Thrace |
Central and Eastern European Online Library Bulgarian National Library : Digital Library; access requires registration |
Online Journals | full text online |
Table of Contents Online |
General Accounts |
E. Ashmead-Bartlett, With the Turks in Thrace (1913), posted on Internet Archive Treaty between the Allied powers and Greece relative to Thrace. Signed at Sevres, August 10, 1920, posted on Internet Archive Andre Gerolymatos, The Balkan Wars. Conquest, Revolution and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond, NY : Basic Books 2002 |
Historical Dictionaries |
Th. Veremes, Historical Dictionary of Greece, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow 1995, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 949.5 V492b |