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The Union of Lublin 1569 merged the Kingdom of Poland and the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania into the Rzeczpospolita Obijga Narodow or the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
It also included the Duchy of Livonia (which had merged with Lithuania in 1566),
the Duchy of Courland, Royal Prussia (since 1466 to Poland)
and the Duchy in Prussia (since 1525). In 1621 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealthy ceded Livonia to Sweden. In 1660 the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth renounced its sovereignty over the Duchy in Prussia (largely coinciding with the later East Prussia). In the course of the Polish Partitions (1772, 1793 and 1795) the Polish state was annexed by its neighbours, the Russian Empire, Austria and Prussia. Napoleon temporarily restored a Polish state, the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1813), but the Vienna Congress confirmed the Polish Partitions, leaving only the tiny Republic of Cracow (1815-1846) as an independent Polish state. For the history of 19th century regions formerly part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, see Livland Gubernia, Courland, Vitebsk Gubernia, Kovno Gubernia, Grodno Gubernia, Vilna Gubernia, Minsk Gubernia, Mogilev Gubernia, Volhynia Gubernia, Podolia Gubernia, Kiev Gubernia (all to the Russian Empire), Congress Poland (in dynastic union with, and dependent of the Russian Empire), Galicia (to Austria (-1866) respectively Austria-Hungary), West Prussia and Posen (Poznan), to Prussia (-1871) respectively the German Empire (1871-1918). Also of importance : the History of the Polish Exile Historical Atlas, Poland Page List of Wars, Poland Page Students' Paper : Kim, Jae Hee, History of Polish-Russian/Soviet Relations (2009) |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles | current |
Article Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from Wikipedia |
| historical |
M. Kromer, Polonia siue de sitv popvlis, moribvs, magistratibvs et repvblica regni,
1577, in Latin, GB A. Gwagnin, K. Warszewicki, Rervm Polonicarvm Tomi tres, 1584, in Latin, GB S. Krysztanowicz, Brevis Descriptio Statuum Regni Poloniae, 1606, in Latin, GB M. Kramer, Beschreibung des Königreichs Polen, 1741, GB J. Lund, Letters concerning the present state of Poland, 1773, GB |
| Links, on History |
from Virtual Library History Categories History of Poland 1569-1795, History of Lithuania 1569-1795, from Wikipedia Internet Museum of the Polish People's Republic |
| Organizations |
Polish Academy of Sciences,
Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History,
Institute of Archeology and Ethnology The Head Office of the State Archives, Poland Article : Polish Historical Society, from Wikipedia The Immanuel Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute; Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies Georg-Eckert-Institut : German-Polish Textbook Commission Herder0Institut (Marburg, Germany) Australian Polish Historical Society; Polish American Historical Association (PAHA) |
| Historical Dictionaries |
YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe |
| Timelines |
Timeline, from from timelines.ws Category : Years in Poland, from Wikipedia |
| Accounts of History | General Accounts | modern |
A Brief History of Poland, from Polonia Today; The History of Poland,
by Mieczyslaw Kasprzyk;
Political History of Poland, by F. Kobylarz |
| historical |
Jan Herburt z Fulsteina, Chronica sive historiae Polonicae compendiosa,
ac per certa librorum capita, 1571, in Latin, GB Histoire des Rois de Pologne, vol.1, 1733, vol.2, 1733, vol.3, 1733, vol.3, 2nd ed. 1748, in French, GB Pierre-Joseph de la Pimpie Solignac, Histoire generale de Pologne vol.1, 1750, vol.2, 1747, vol.3, 1751, vol.4, 1750, vol.5, 1750, vol.6, 1780, in French, GB F.A. Schmid, Abrege chronologique de l'histoire de Pologne, 1763, in French, GB St. Jones, The history of Poland: from its origin as a nation to the commencement of the year 1795, 1795, GB S.A. Dunham, The History of Poland, 1831, GB J. Fletcher, The history of Poland: from the earliest period to the present time, 1839, GB A Polish Exile, Outline of the history of Poland: from the earliest period to the present time, 1840, GB T.A. Galecki, A sketch of the history of Poland, 1842, GB |
| Specific Periods |
P. Buccio, Le coronationi di Polonia, et di Francia, del Christianiss. Re
Henrico III, 1576, in Latin, GB Desfontaines, The history of the revolutions of Poland, 1736, GB Articles : Union of Lublin 1569, Polish Partitions 1772, 1793, 1795, from Wikipedia Jean-Baptiste Desroches de Parthenay, The history of Poland under Augustus II, 1734, GB Desfontaines, The history of the revolutions of Poland, 1736, GB P. Joubert, Histoire des revolutions de Pologne, vol.1, 1775, vol.2, 1775, in French, GB G.F. Coyer, Histoire de Jean Sobieski, roi de Pologne, vol.1, 1761, vol.2, 1761, vol.3, 1762, in French, GB Jean Claude Hippolyte Méhee de la Touche, Histoire de la pretendue revolution de Pologne : avec un examen de la nouvelle constitution, 1792, in French, GB Ph. de Chantillon, Histoire de Stanislas I. roi de Pologne, vol.1, 1740, in French, GB Jean Baptiste Desroches de Parthenay, Histoire de Pologne sous le Regne d'Auguste II, vol.1, 1733, vol.3, 1734, vol.4, 1734, in French, GB |
| Politics | general |
Articles : Golden Liberty,
General Sejm,
Offices in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,
Administrative Division of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from Wikipedia |
| Foreign Policy |
Zmuda, Marius (2003) : Identität und Abgrenzung. Die polnische "Szlachta" auf der Suche nach ihrem Platz in Europa. 1648 - 1668.
(Identity and Distantiation. The Polish "Szlachta" Searching for her Place in Europe, 1648-1668). posted by
Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Osteuropa, in German |
| historical account |
D. Caminer, Geschichte des gegenwärtigen Kriegs zwischen
Russland, Polen und der Ottomanischen Pforte, 1771, in German, GB |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Poland Grzegorz Wojtowicz, The Origin and History of the Polish Money, Part 1 Ewa Manikowska, The Culture of Gifts : The Role and Value of Luxury Gifts at an 18th Century Court, IEHC 2006 Windmills in Poland, from Windmill World Article : Wielicka Salt Mine, from Wikipedia; from Showcaves Gdansk, the past and present of the town and port, from Port Gdansk |
| Social History |
Article : Szlachta, from Wikipedia |
| Ethnography |
Oskar Halecki, Das Nationalitätenproblem im alten Polen (1916, in German), posted on
Internet Archive R.F. Kaindl, Polen: Mit einem geschichtlichen Überblick über die Polnisch-ruthenische Frage (1917, in German), posted on Internet Archive |
| History of Regions |
Category Polish Historical Regions, from Wikipedia Voivodeships of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569-1795, from Wikipedia |
| Local History |
Articles Czestochowa : History,
History of Krakow,
Gniezno : History,
Lublin : History,
History of Lviv (Lvov, Lemberg, Leopolis),
History of Minsk,
History of Poznan (Posen),
Torun : History (Thorn),
History of Vilnius (Wilno, Wilna),
History of Warsaw, from Wikipedia Gdansk, the past and present of the town and port, from Port Gdansk |
| Institutions |
Article : General Sejm (Sejm Walny), from Wikipedia |
| Culture |
Article Polish Literature from Catholic Encyclopedia,
1911 edition; Virtual Library of Polish Literature; Polish Literature, links
from Slavophilia |
| Biographies |
List of Polish Monarchs, from Wikipedia Biographies of Polish Saints, from Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon, in German |
| Others |
| WEB-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
Poland and the Baltics, from Regnal Chronologies |
| Staatskalender |
Königl. Poln. Khurfürstl. und Sächsischer Hof und Staats Kalender
1735, in German, GB |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
Ambassadors and envoys from Russia to Poland (1763-1794), from
Wikipedia;
more detailed list from Wikipedia Polish Edition List of Ambassadors from Poland to Russia, from Wikipedia; more detailed list from Wikipedia Polish Edition Francuscy ambasadorzy w Polsce (French ambassadors to Poland), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy we Francji, from Wikipedia Polish Edition Austriaccy ambasadorzy w Polsce (Austrian Ambassadors), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy w Austrii, from Wikipedia Polish Edition Brytyjscy ambasadorzy w Polsce (British Ambassadors), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy w Wielkiej Brytanii, from Wikipedia Polish Edition Pruscy ambasadorzy w Polsce (Prussian Ambassadors), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy w Prusach, from Wikipedia Polish Edition Szwedzcy ambasadorzy w Polsce (Swedish Ambassadors), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Kategoria:Weneccy ambasadorzy w Polsce (Venetian Ambassadors), from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy w Turcji, from Wikipedia Polish Edition Polscy ambasadorzy we Wloszech (to Italian States), from Wikipedia Polish Edition |
| Lists of Bishops |
List of Archbishops of Gniezno and of
Primates of Poland, from Wikipedia List of Bishops and Archbishops of Krakow, from Wikipedia List of Bishops of Poznan, from Wikipedia List of Bishops of Warmia, from Wikipedia List of Bishops of Culm (Chelmno), from Wikipedia List of Bishops of Vilnius, from Wikipedia List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Ukraine, from Wikipedia |
| Economic Data |
Polish state finance, 1576-1717, from ESFDB |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] |
| Image Databanks |
Europeana Wikimedia Commons Bildkatalog Herder-Institut Marburg |
| Archival Deposits |
Nationaalarchief (NL) : Inventaris van de archieven van de Legaties in
Zweden, Pruisen, Polen en Saksen, 1674-1810 |
| Constitutions, Laws |
| Treaties |
Category : Treaties of Poland, from Wikipedia E. Hertslet, The Map of Europe by Treaty, Showing the Various Political and Territorial Changes which Have Taken Place since the General Peace of 1814, vol.1 1875, vol.2 1875, vol.3 1875, posted on Internet Archive K. Martens, Recueil manuel et pratique de traites, conventions et autres actes diplomatiques, : sur lesquels sont etablis les relations et les rapports existant aujourd'hui entre les divers etats souvernains du globe, depuis l'annee 1760 jusqu'a l'epoque actuelle, vol.1, 1846, vol.2, on 1788, 1846, vol.3, 1846, vol.4, on 1826 1846, vol.5, on 1839 1849, vol.6, on 1840 1856, vol.7, on 1852 1857, 2nd ser. vol.1 1885, posted on Internet Archive F. Murhard, Nouveau Recueil General de Traites, Conventions et autres Transactions Remarquables, vol.1 1843, vol.2, on 1841, 1844, vol.3, on 1842, 1845, vol.4, 1846, vol.5 1847, vol.9, on 1846, suppl. 1841-1845, 1852, vol.10, on 1847, 1852, vol.12, on 1848, 1854, vol.13, 1855, vol.14 1856, vol.15 1857, vol.16 1860, vol.17, 1861, vol.18, 1873, vol.4, on 1817-1842, 1843, ? posted on Internet Archive G.F. Martens, Recueil de traites d'alliance, de paix, de treve ... et plusieurs autres actes servant aa la connoissance des relations etrangeres de puissances et etats de l'Europe ... depuis 1761 jusqu'a present , vol.3 : 1784-1788, 1818, vol.4, 1818, vol.5 : 1791-1795, 1826, vol.6 : 1795-1799, 1829, vol.7 : 1800-1803, 1831, vol.8 : 1803-1808, 1835, in French, posted on Internet Archive Table General Chronologique et Alphabetique du Recueil des Traites, Conventions et Transactions des Puissances de l'Europe et s'autres Parties du Globe ... vol.1 1837 (garbed scan), vol.1 1838, vol.2 1843, posted on Internet Archive M. Tetot, Repertoire des Traites de Paix, de Commerce, d'Alliance etc., Conventions et autres Actes conclus entre tous les Puissances du Globe, principalement depuis la Paix de Westphalie jusqu'a notre jours, I : Tableau Chronologique 1493-1866, 1866, posted on Internet Archive J.L. Klüber, Acten des Wiener Congresses in den Jahren 1814 und 1815, vol.1 2nd ed. 1819, vol.2 1815, vol.3 1815, vol.4 2nd ed. 1832, vol.5 2nd ed. 1833, vol.6 2nd ed. 1836, vol.7 1817, vol.8 1819, vol.9, 1835, in German, posted by Google Books British and Foreign State Papers 1812-1814 I, 1841, 1812-1814 II, 1841, 1814-1815, 1839, 1815-1816, 1838, 1816-1817, 1838, 1817-1818, 1837, 1818-1819, 1835, 1819-1820, 1834, 1820-1821, 1830, 1820-1821, 1861, 1821-1822, 1829, 1821-1823, 1851, 1822-1823, 1828, 1822-1823, 1850, 1823-1824, 1843, 1824-1825, 1846, 1825-1826, 1848, 1826-1827, 1828, 1827-1828, 1829, 1828-1829, 1832, 1829-1830, 1832, 1830-1831, 1833, 1832-1833, 1836, General List, vols.1-20, I, 1842, 1834-1835, 1852, 1836-1837, 1853, 1838-1839, 1856, 1840-1841, 1857, 1841-1842, 1858, 1842-1843, 1858, 1843-1844, 1859, 1844-1845, 1859, 1845-1846, 1860, 1848-1849, 1862, 1849-1850 I, 1862, 1849-1850 II, 1863, 1850-1851, 1863, 1851-1852, 1864, 1852-1853, 1864, General Index, 1865, 1853-1854, 1865 1854-1855, 1865, 1855-1856, 1865, 1856-1857, 1866, 1857-1858, 1866, 1858-1859, 1867, 1859-1860, 1867, 1860-1861, 1868, 1861-1862, 1868, 1862-1863, 1868, 1863-1864, 1869, posted on Google Books A collection of state papers: relative to the war against France, vol.1 1794, vol.2 1795, vol.3 I 1795, vol.3 II 1796, vol.5 1797, vol.6, 1798, vol.7, 1799, vol.8, 1800, vol.9, 1800, vol.10, 1801, vol.11, 1802, posted on Google Books |
| Source Catalogues |
Ch.30 : De Scriptoribus Historiae Polonicae, Lithuanicae, atque Moscoviticae, pp.746-764 in
B.G. Struve, Selecta bibliotheca historica, 1705, in Latin, GB ;
a catalogue of narrative historical sources J.D.A. Janocki, Specimen catalogi codicum manuscriptorum bibliothecae Zaluscianae, 1752, in Latin, GB |
| Individual Documents |
William Penn, A Letter to the King of Poland 1677, posted by
QH Press A.T. Palmer, Authentic memoirs of John Sobieski, King of Poland : illustrative of the inherent errors in the former constitution of that kingdom, which, though arrested for a time by the genius of a hero and a patriot, gradually paved the way to its downfall (1815), posted by Internet Archive Historische Nachricht Uber die neulich in Polen entstandene Revolutiones worinne die rechtmässige Rückkehr des Königs Augusti in Polen behauptet wird, 1710, in German, GB G.P. Schultz, Commentarius de Mareschalcis Regni Poloniae cum Duplici Mantissa de Mareschalcis & Cancellariis M. Ducatus Lithuaniae, 1743, in Latin, GB |
| Historical Maps | recent |
click here Maps : Europe in the Year <1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, from Euratlas Poland in Old Maps, from Poland in the Classroom |
| old |
City Panoramas 1600, Krakau, Danzig, Warschau, Vilnius,
City Panoramas 1750,
Krakau, Danzig, Warschau, from Historic Maps Poland Index, from Historic Cities Category : Old Maps of Poland, from Wikimedia Commons Antique Maps of Poland, commercial site |
|
Historical Encyclopedia Entries |
General |
Article Polen, Geschichte von,
from Meyers Konversationslexikon 1885-1892 edition, in German |
| religious |
| Economic |
J. Chr. Nelckenbrecher, Taschenbuch eines
Banquiers und Kaufmanns enthaltend eine Erklärung aller ein- und ausländischen Münzen ..., Berlin : Wever
1769, in German, entries Warschau, posted by DTBSWS Of the Commerce between Great Britain, Poland and Prussia, p.573 in W. Beawes, Lex mercatoria rediviva, 1773, GB Pologne, pp.208-210, in vol.2 of S. Ricard, Traite general du commerce, 1781, in French, GB |
| Geographical |
| Historical |
De Regno Poloniae, pp.391-407 in J.C. Becmann, Historia Orbis Terrarum Geographica 1673, in Latin, GB Louis Ellies Du Pin, L' Histoire Profane Depuis son commencement jusqu'la present vol.5 : 1000-1700, pp.205-207 : Histoire des Roiaumes d'Hongrie, de Boheme & de Pologne depuis l'an 1450, jusques vers l'an 1600, pp.252-255 : Histoire des Roiaumes d'Hongrie, de Boheme & de Pologne depuis la fin du xv. siecle, jusqu'au commencement du xviii, 1717, in French, GB Chapter X : Poland, pp.303-328 in : Samuel von Pufendorf, An introduction to the history of the principal kingdoms and states of Europe, 1719, GB Poland, pp.734-777 in vol.1 of Th. Salmon, Modern history or the present state of all nations, 1744, GB The History of Poland, pp.1-407 in vol.34 of The Modern Part of an Universal History, 1762, GB The History of Poland, pp.1-176 in vol.31 of G. Sale et al., The Modern Part of an Universal History, 1783, GB Histoire de Pologne, depuis 1621 jusqu'en 1720, pp.278-397 in vol.34 of Maximilian-Samson-Friedrich Schöll, Cours d'histoire des Etats Europeens, depuis le bouleversement de l'empire romain d'Occident jusqu'en 1789, 1832, in French, GB |
| Travelogues |
Th. Nugent, The grand tour: or A journey through the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and France,
vol.2, 1714, GB W. Coxe, Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, 4th ed., vol.1, 1787, vol.3, 1787, vol.4, 1792, vol.5, 1791, GB |
| Institutions |
Note : in most files listed below, "Poland" refers to the country's modern extension. The user has to be aware that these files may
list items which do not belong to the historic Kingdom of Poland, and that they omit others who did belong to it and may have to be
sought under "Lithuania", "Belarus", "Ukraine" etc. |
| Archives |
State Archives of Poland Repositories of Primary Sources : Europe : Poland, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 43 entries Historical Research in Europe, listing of archives; click Atlas Search, Poland, 191 entries Foreign Ministry Archives Services of the European Union Member States : Poland, from Consilium Europa |
| Musea | Lists, Links |
Category : Museums in Poland, from Wikipedia ICOM : Museums in Poland |
| Museum Websites |
National Museum in Krakow Historical Museum of Warsaw |
| Monuments |
Category : Monuments and memorials in Poland,
from Wikipedia UNESCO World Heritage Site, List (search for Poland), Tentative Lists : Poland Poland Index, from Showcaves, has historical mines List of Castles in Poland, from Wikipedia Windmills in Poland, from Windmillworld; List of Windmills in Poland, from Wikipedia Category : Watermills in Poland, from Wikimedia Category : Palaces in Poland, from Wikipedia |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Poland, from LibDex, 31 entries History of the Polish National Library, from The European Library Article : National Library of Poland, from Wikipedia |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Poland - Historical Flags, from FOTW; Coat of Arms, from
Heraldry of the World |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Poland, from Medieval Coinage Search Coin Archives for Poland |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies), keywords Polen, Poland (site in German, most titles listed in English;
hundreds of entries; publications mostly since 1970) Search ISBN Database for Poland RHS Bibliography, search for Polen |
| on Poland |
Bibliografia Historii Polskiej, Polish language site Bibliography on Polish Heraldry, from Heraldica Historia Poloniae, pp.496-498 in vol.8 of J.D. Reuss, Repertorium commentationum a societatibus litterariis editarum, 1810, GB |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus |
| on Poland |
Digital Library of Wielkopolska Central and Eastern European Online Library Digital Eastern Europe Library : History National Digital Library, Poland |
| Online Journals | introduction |
Zeitschrift f&uum;r Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (until 1994 : Zeitschrift für Ostforschung),
introduction from Clio,
in German Inter Finitimos - Jahrbuch zur Geschichte der deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen, introduction from Clio, in German Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, introduction from Clio, in German |
| full text online |
| contents online |
Zeitschriftenschau Osteuropa, from Bayerische Landesbibliothek,
provides tables of contents of c. 150 journals; site in German Zeitschrift für Ostforschung (1952-1993) / Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung 1994-, from Herder-Institut, Marburg, in German |
| Online Yearbooks |
| Historiography |
Article : Polish Historiography, by E. Domanska, pp.720-723, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts |
M.B. Biskupski, The History of Poland, Westport : Greenwood 2000, KMLA Lib.Sign. 943.8 B622t Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Poland, an illustrated History, NY : Hippocrene 2000, KMLA Lib.Sign. 943.8 P746p Article Poland, in Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, Vol.25 pp.930-957; KMLA Lib. Sign. R 032 B862n v.25 Enno Meyer, Grundzüge der Geschichte Polens (Main Features of Polish History), Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgemeinschaft 1977 [G] Manfred Hellmann, Daten der Polnischen Geschichte (Dates in Polish History), München : dtv 1985 [G] Norman Davies, Heart of Europe. A Short History of Poland, Oxford : UP (1984) 1986 [G] Historical Section of the Foreign Office, Peace Handbooks : Poland. General Sketch of History 1569-1772; The Three Partitions; The Settlement of 1815, London : H.M.SO. 1919 [G] Francis Dvornik, The Slavs in European History and Civilization, New Brunswick : Rutgers UP 1962 [G] |
| Specific Topics |
| Local, Regional History |
Zdzislaw Zygulski, Cracow, an Illustrated History, NY : Hippocrene 2001, KMLA Lib. Call Sign 943.86 Z99c |
| Historical Atlas |
W. Czaplinski, T. Ladogorski, The Historical Atlas of Poland, Wroclaw : State Cartographic Publishers 1986 [G] |
| Historical Dictionaries |
George Sanford, Adriana Gozdecka-Sanford, Historical Dictionary of Poland, Scarecrow 1994, KMLA Lib.Sign. R 943.6 S224h |
