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Until 1942, Peninsular Malaysia was politically fragmented, consisting of (1) the Straits Settlements (Penang, Malacca
and Singapore), a British Crown Colony, (2) the Federated Malay States (Pahang,
Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan) and (3) the
Unfederated Malay States
(Johor, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan,
Terengganu). Under Japanese military administration (1942-1945), Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra were combined into one administrative unit. Upon the reestablishment of the British administration, the Straits Settlements were disbanded and a Federation of Malaya established. A Communist insurgency, the Malayan Emergency (1948-1960), which drew its support mainly from the country's large Chinese population group was successfully suppressed. In 1957 the Federation of Malaya (with Singapore being excluded, because its inclusion would have meant the Federation to have an ethnically Chinese majority) was released into independence. In 1963, the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (Sabah) merged to form Malaysia, only to see Singapore being excluded again in 1965. This page focusses on the history of the Federation of Malaya from (1942) 1946 to 1963. Malaya 1957-1963 Malaya 1946-1957 Malaya in World War II, 1942-1945 Historical Atlas, Malaya Page (1895-1963) List of Wars : Malay Peninsula (until 1963) |
| E x t e r n a l . F i l e s |
| Country Profiles | Links, Portals | Organizations | Accounts of History | Politics | Military History | Economic History |
| Social History | Ethnography | History of Religion | Regional History | Local History | Institutions | Culture |
| Biography | Others |
| D o c u m e n t s |
| Historical Data | Documents | Institutions | National Symbols |
| P r i n t e d . R e f e r e n c e |
| Bibliographies | Online Libraries | Online Journals | General Accounts | Specific Topics | Historical Dictionaries | Others |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNAL FILES |
| Country Profiles |
from Wikipedia |
| Links | General |
from Library of Congress, Portals to the World;
from BUBL;
from dmoz;
Links on Malaysia (chapter on M. History) from
Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies List of Malaysia-related Topics, from Wikipedia Virtual Library Malaysia Category : Federation of Malaya, from Wikipedia |
| on History |
from Virtual Library Malaysia;
from Univ. Oregon, Asian Studies |
| Historical Dictionaries |
| Timelines |
from BBC News,
from timelines.ws;
from geographia.com;
another one from Malaysia Stall |
| Accounts of History |
Sejarah Melayu. A History of the Malay Peninsula, from malaya.org.uk History of Malaysia, from World Travel Guide, from Asian Info, Lonely Planet Article : History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia; from Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World (Robert Winslow) Diane K. Mauzy, From Malay Nationalism to a Malaysian Nation ?, Ch.3 pp.45-70 in L.W. Barrington (ed.), After Independence : Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States, 2006 |
| Politics |
H. Miller, The Communist Menace in Malaya (1954), posted on
Internet Archive M. Rudner, The Structure of Government in the Colonial Federation of Malaya, Southeast Asian Studies 1976, posted by Sejarah Melayu Malaya : The Party System in 1950-1955 and 1956-1962, in : Kenneth Janda, Political Parties : A Cross-National Survey Articles Malayan Union, Federation of Malaya, Malayan Communist Party, UMNO, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malayan Chinese Association, Malayan Indian Congress, from Wikipedia |
| Military |
Wars affecting the Malay Peninsula, until 1963 (at this site) Wars of Malaysia, 1800-1999, from ACED Article Military History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia Category : Malayan Emergency, from Wikipedia Article : Malayan Races Liberation Army, from Wikipedia The Psychological Warfare Section : Federation of Malaya, from psywar.org (doc) R.J. Isaacs, Psychological Warfare in the Federation of Malaya NZ and the Malayan Emergency, from New Zealand History Online Malaya 1948-1960, from Britain's Small Wars CASCON Case MAE : Malayan Emergency 1948-1960, by L.P. Bloomfield, L. Moulton The War against Sukarno. Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak 1962-1966, from Britain's Small Wars 1945-2001 |
| Economy & Finances |
A Global History of Currencies :
Malaysia History, from Bursa Malaysia; from Wikipedia Article Malaysian Ringgit, from Wikipedia Economic History of Malaysia, from Economic History Encyclopedia Category Economic History of Malaysia, from Wikipedia Tin Mining in Malaysia - Present and Future, from TED Case Studies; Tin Tales from the Past, from Malaysia up Close The Story of Malaysian Natural Rubber, from Malaysian Rubber Board Search Company History, Funding Universe : Company Histories for Malaysia Company Histories : Petronas, Malaysian Airlines, Sime Darby Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, PPB Group, from Funding Universe |
| Ethnography |
Languages of Malaysia (141), from Ethnologue Minorities at Risk, scroll down for Malaysia - Chinese, East Indians World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples : Malaysia |
| Religion |
Chronology of Catholic Dioceses : Malaysia, from Kirken i Norge Category Religion in Malaysia, from Wikipedia Article History of the Jews in Malaysia, from Wikipedia; Malaysia, from International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies - Cemetery Project Catholic Church in Malaysia, from GCatholic |
| History of Regions |
see History of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan,
Labuan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan,
Pahang, Perak, Perlis,
Selangor, Trengganu at this site States of Malaysia, Districts of Malaysia, from www.statoids.com |
| Local History |
History of Kuala Lumpur, from Kiat.Net; from
Wikipedia History of Ipoh, from Wikipedia; History of Malacca (Melaka), from Wikipedia; History of Penang (Pulau Pinang), from Wikipedia; History of Kuching, from Wikipedia |
| Institutions |
History, from Bursa Malaysia;
from Wikipedia Article University of Malaya, from Wikipedia Radio Televisyen Malaysia, from Wikipedia Keretapi Tanah Melayu (Malaysia Railways), from Wikipedia Malaya, Malaysia, from Airline History Structurae : Malaysia; Search Lighthouse Depot for Malaysia |
| Culture |
Online books on History of Malaysian architecture, from ArchNet Malaysia, from UK Food Online, a culinary history of Malaysia |
| Biographies |
List of Malaysians, from Wikipedia |
| Others |
Disaster History by Country : Malaysia, from
Relief Web; Category Disasters in Malaysia,
from Wikipedia Alcohol and Drugs History Society : Malaysia Article Malaysia at the Olympics, from Wikipedia Malaysia : History of Philanthropy, from Philanthropy and the Third Sector in Asia and the Pacific Crime and Society. A Comparative Criminology Tour of the World : Malaysia Malaysia Directory, from Peace Corps Online Indo-Malayan Ecoregion, from WWF |
| DIRECTORY OF INTERNET SOURCES . . . EXTERNALLY POSTED DOCUMENTS |
| Historical Data | Lists of Statesmen |
from World Statesmen (B. Cahoon);
from Rulers (B. Schemmel);
from Regnal Chronologies;
from World Rulers (E. Schulz, illustrated) |
| Lists of Ambassadors |
List of High Commissioners from the
United Kingdom to Malaya, from Wikipedia; Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs (de France en Malaisie), from
Ambafrance;
Liste der Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), from
Wikipedia
German edition U.S. Ambassadors to Malaysia, from NNDB; Heads of Post : Malaysia, from MOFA Canada List of High Commissioners from New Zealand to Malaya, from Wikipedia |
| Population Figures |
Historical Population Statistics : Malaysia, from Population Statistics (J. Lahmeyer) |
| Election Results |
Article : Elections in Malaysia,
Malayan General Election 1959, from Wikipedia |
| Documents | Historical Newspapers |
Kranten Historisch [historical newspapers] The History of Malaysia, from World History Archives |
| Modern Newspapers | links from Online Newspapers, from World Newspapers |
| Newsreels |
British Pathe Wochenschau-Archiv (in German) Archief Beeld en Geluid : Polygoon (in Dutch) |
| Image Databanks |
Sejarah Melayu Gallery Malaysia Design Archive Wikimedia Commons License Plates, from Francoplaque, from License Plates of the World Historic Picture Postcards, from Postcardman, commercial site Airline Timetable Images : Malaysia Locomotives of the Malayan Railway, by Tim Light |
| Propaganda Leaflets |
British/Malay Government anti-Communist Terrorist Propaganda Leaflets, 1948-1960, posted by www.psywar.org |
| Archival Deposits |
Digital Library Malaysia National Archives (UK) U.S. Department of State, Office of the Historian, search for Malaysia Search Janus for Malaya, Malaysia, Straits Settlements, Sarawak, North Borneo etc. |
| Constitutions, Laws |
Federation of Malaya Independence Act (1957), from
The UK Statute Law Database Federation of Malaya Constitutional Proposal 1957, from CPPS; Report of the Federation of Malaya Constitutional Commission 1957, from MCA Malaysian Legislation Database (1914-) Digital Library Malaysia, click "Parliament" International Law Library : Malaysia List of Ratifications of International Labour Conventions by Malaya/Malaysia, from ILO, 15 docs. since 1957 |
| Treaties |
Malaysian Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Bilateral Agreements (lists titles) Australian Treaty Series : Bilateral Treaties - Malaysia Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken (Mofa, NL ; enter "Maleisie" in field : "Lijst samenstellen op land of regio", 3 entries; sources posted in Dutch language United Nations Treaty Series, search for Malaya |
| Document Collections |
Search CIA Released Documents for Malaya |
| Historical Maps |
Maps, from Sejarah Melayu Gallery click WHKMLA Historical Atlas, Malaya Page Maps of Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, posted by Mapas Imperiales, scans, scroll down for Indonesia, Malasia y Brunei |
| Parliamentary Debates |
Hansard (British Parliament) Hansard Parlimen Malaysia 1959- |
| Tour Guides, Travelogues |
| Institutions | Archives |
National Archives of Malaysia;
Repositories of Primary Sources : Asia : Malaysia, from Univ. of Idaho. Mostly Archive Webpages, 8 entries UNESCO Archives Portal : National Archives Asia Pacific, has one entry for Malaysia (Nov. 13th 2006), scroll down; UNESCO Archives Portal : State and Regional Archives, Asia-Pacific Malaysia, 1 entry |
| Musea | Lists, Links |
Museums in Malaysia |
| Musea | Museum Websites |
| Monuments |
Tentative Lists : Malaysia,
World Heritage List, scroll down for Malaysia, from UNESCO World Heritage Malaysia Index, from Showcaves |
| Libraries |
Libraries in Malaysia, from LibDex |
| National Symbols | Flags, Coats of Arms |
Flag, from FOTW |
| Coins, Banknotes |
Banknotes of Malaya;
Malaya and British North Borneo,
Malaysia (attached Sarawak, British North Borneo);
from Ron Wise's World Paper Money; from Zeno Banknotes of Malaya, Malaya & British Borneo, Malaysia, from World Currency Museum |
| PRINTED REFERENCE |
| Bibliographies | general |
Datenbasis Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde
(Data Base on International Relations and Country Studies) (site in German, most titles listed in English;
numerous entries; publications mostly since 1970) RHS Bibliography UK National Archive Online Library ISBN Database DBNG . |
| on Malaysia |
Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (MBRAS) Malaysia Women's Studies Bibliography, from UC Berkeley Library NNDB Bibliography Malaysia Search Asian Development Bank (ADB) Publications for Malaysia ASEAN Environmental Education Inventory Database, resources, scroll down for Malaysia Food and Culture (a bibliography), by R.T. Dirks, click on South East Asia Books on Malaysia, from Orchid Press South East Asia Dissertations, click Malaysia Malaysia, from The Online Books Page |
| Online Libraries | general |
Internet Archives Gutenberg Library Online e-corpus International Boundary Studies, search for Malaysia |
| on Malaysia |
Sejarah Melayu Library Digital Library Malaysia South East Asian Studies, Student Theses, from Ohio University ISEAS Working Papers, Back Issues 2000-2003 |
| Theses Server |
Malaysian Theses Online |
| Online Journals |
South East Asia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Indonesia Journals, from ELIN-NIAS;
Search Electronic Journals Online for
Thailand Journal of Southeast Asian History 1960-1969, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2009-, from Cambridge Journals Online (require registration) ASEAS (Austrian Journal of South East Asian Studies), open access, 2008- Asia Insights, from NIAS, 2002- Southeast Asian Studies 1963-, mostly in Japanese Explorations, 1997- Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, CSEAS, Univ. of Hawaii |
| Historiography |
Article : Malay Historical Writing, by E.U. Kraatz, pp.585-589, in vol.2 of A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing, NY 1998 [G] |
| General Accounts | on SE Asia |
Nicholas Tarling, The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 4 vol.s, Cambridge : UP (1992) 1999, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959 T188c |
| on Malaysia |
Barbara Watson Andaya, Leonard V. Andaya, A History of Malaysia, Honolulu : Univ. of Hawai'i Press 2001, KMLA Lib.Sign. 959.5 A 543h Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition, Macropaedia, Vol.27, pp.745-755 Article Southeast Asia : Malaysia KMLA Lib.Sign. R 032 B862h v.27 |
| Specific Topics |
Kumar Ramakrishna, Emergency Propaganda. The Winning of Malayan Hearts and Minds 1948-1958, Padstow : Curzon 2002 |
| Historical Dictionaries |
Amarjit Kaur, Historical Dictionary of Malaysia, Lanham Md. : Scarecrow, 2nd edition 2001 Articles : Sabah pp.465-467, Sarawak pp.487-489, in : James Minahan, Nations without States, A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements, Westport CT : Greenwood 1996 [G] |
| Statistical Data |
IHS : B.R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics. Africa, Asia & Oceania 1750-2000, London : Palgrave 2003 [G] |
| Yearbook Entries | Britannica Book of the Year | Malayan Union and Singapore, 1947 pp.474-475, 1948 pp.457-458, Malaya (Federation of) and Singapore, 1949 pp.404-405, 1950 pp.427-428, 1951 pp.437-438, 1952 pp.440-442, Malaya, Federation of, 1953 pp.434-435, 1954 p.439, 1955 pp.481-482, 1956 pp.417-418, Malaya (Federation of) and Singapore, 1957 pp.479-480, Malaya, Federation of, 1958 p.420, 1959 pp.415-416, 1960 pp.409-410, 1961 pp.414-415, 1962 pp.414-415, 1963 pp.537-538, Malaysia, 1964 pp.529-531, 1965 pp.513-514 [G] |
| Statesman's Year-Book | 1961-1962 pp.224-231 |
| (New) Int'l Yearbook | British Malaya 1947 pp.105-106 |
| Americana Annual | British Malaya 1947 pp.101-103, 1950 pp.90-91, 1951 pp.88-90, 1952 pp.89-91, 1953 pp.87-88, 1954 p.88, Malaya, Federation of 1954 pp.425-426, 1957 pp.472-473, 1958 pp.459-461, 1959 pp.432-433, 1960 pp.449-450, 1961 pp.442-444, 1962 pp.452-453, 1963 pp.406-407, Malaysia, 1964 pp.402-406, 1965 pp.438-439 |
| Other | Article : British Malaya, in : Funk & Wagnall's New Standard Encyclopedia Year Book 1946 pp.82-83; Malaya, Federation of 1952 p.251, British Malaya 1961 pp.192-193 [G] |
